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A Service of zbw On the substitution of institutions and finance in investment On the substitution of institutions and finance in investment On the substitution of institutions and finance in investment
No full textStandard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. On the substitution of institutions and finance in investment Using updated data (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) from 53 African countries, we provide more robust evidence on the substitution of institutions and finance in investment. Results under many baseline and augmented scenarios are not consistent with the underlying paper. Justifications for the differences in findings are discussed. As a policy implication, the Ali (2013, EB) findings for countries with poor financial systems may not be relevant for Africa. Terms of use: Documents i
Estimating the Impact of Medical Innovation: A Case Study of HIV Antiretroviral Treatments Estimating the Impact of Medical Innovation: A Case Study of HIV Antiretroviral Treatments *
No full textAbstract As health care consumes a growing share of GDP, the demand for better evidence regarding the effects of health care treatments and how these vary across individuals is increasing. Estimating this with observational data is difficult given the endogeneity of treatment decisions. But because the random assignment clinical trials (RACTs) used in the FDA approval process only estimate average health effects and do not consider spending, there is no good alternative. In this study we use administrative data from California's Medicaid program to estimate the impact of HIV antiretroviral treatments (ARVs). We use data on health care utilization to proxy for health status and exploit the rapid takeup of ARVs following their FDA approval. Our estimate of a 68 percent average mortality rate reduction is in line with the results from RACTs. We also find that the ARVs lowered short-term health care spending by reducing expenditures on other categories of medical care. Combining these two effects we estimate the cost per life year saved at $19,000. Our results suggest an alternative method for estimating the real-world effects of new treatments that is especially well-suited to those treatments that diffuse rapidly following their approval
Social Transformations in Contemporary Society
No full textAbstract Purpose -the aim of this article is to overview practical experience and problems of implementation of the European Union customs law requirements in Lithuanian national legal system after the accession to the European Union both at the level of application of law and at the level of law making. Design/methodology/approach -analysis of relevant issues is based both on theoretical (analysis and synthesis, historical, systematic, comparative) and empirical methods (statistical analysis of data, analysis of documents, generalization of professional practice, in particular
Production and Proximate Analysis of Jam (food spread) prepared from Cola Pachycarpa Fruit
No full textAbstract Production of jam and proximate analysis of jam from cola pachycarpa was undertaken in this study. The jam was compared with the (control) orange jam for proximate composition. It was revealed that the moisture content of the cola jam was (90.8) lower than that of orange jam which was 96.3, while it had a higher carbohydrate of 5.86 than that of orange 3.00. Cola pachycarpa jam was well tolerated just as the orange jam in colour, flavour and texture
Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Indices of Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
No full textThe cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is used to test vascular function and is an arterial stiffness marker and potential predictor of cardiovascular events. This study aimed to analyze the relation between objective indices of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and the CAVI. One hundred sixty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. We used nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and the coefficient of variation of the R-R interval to evaluate DPN. We estimated arteriosclerosis by the CAVI. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed between neuropathy indices and the CAVI. In univariate analysis, the CAVI showed significant associations with sural sensory nerve conduction velocity and median F-wave conduction velocity. Multiple linear regression analysis for the CAVI showed that sural nerve conduction velocity and median F-wave conduction velocity were significant explanatory variables second only to age. In multiple linear regression analysis for sural nerve conduction velocity among neuropathy indices, the CAVI remained the most significant explanatory variable. In multiple linear regression analysis for median nerve F-wave conduction velocity among neuropathy indices, the CAVI remained the second most significant explanatory variable following HbA1c. These results suggest a close relationship between macroangiopathy and DPN
Object detection in multi-epoch data
No full textAbstract In astronomy multiple images are frequently obtained at the same position of the sky for followup co-addition as it helps one go deeper and look for fainter objects. With large scale panchromatic synoptic surveys becoming more common, image co-addition has become even more necessary as new observations start to get compared with co-added fiducial sky in real time. The standard co-addition techniques have included straight averages, variance weighted averages, medians etc. A more sophisticated nonlinear response chi-square method is also used when it is known that the data are background noise limited and the point spread function is homogenized in all channels. A more robust object detection technique capable of detecting faint sources, even those not seen at all epochs which will normally be smoothed out in traditional methods, is described. The analysis at each pixel level is based on a formula similar to Mahalanobis distance. The method does not depend on the point spread function
15+ MILLION TOP 1% MOST CITED SCIENTIST 12.2% AUTHORS AND EDITORS FROM TOP 500 UNIVERSITIES SubEndometrial Embryo Delivery (SEED) with Egg Donation -Mechanical Embryo Implantation
No full textRESIDUAL STRESS AND FRACTURE OF THICK DIELECTRIC FILMS FOR POWER MEMS APPLICATIONS
No full textABSTRACT This paper presents residual stress characterization and fracture analysis of thick PECVD oxide films. The motivation for this work is to elucidate the factors contributing to residual stress, deformation and fracture of oxide films so as to refine the microfabrication process for power MEMS manufacturing. The stress-temperature behavior of PECVD oxide films during annealing was studied. Analyses of residual stress relaxation, intrinsic stress generation, and the large deformation response of wafers were carried out. Preliminary experimental observations and estimates of oxide fracture were also provided
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No full textanalysis predominantly relied on edited Hanseatic sources with a only few references to Dutch material, his conclusions tend to represent the Wend point of view. The gap was partially filled by James Ward, whose unpublished dissertation is oriented towards an analysis of the political influence of Holland's cities and states between 1506-1515. 6 His narrow focus on the interaction between cities and states resulted in the remarkable omission of any discussion of the Bremen Conference. An examination of the evolution of the relations between the Hanse and Habsburg is also missing here. Such a state of affairs invites us to aim to establish, by combining Hanseatic and Dutch sources, the extent that the diplomatic involvement of the Habsburg state in the protection of Holland's commercial interests provoked a redefinition of the trading relations between the Low Countries and the Wend cites in the Baltic. This case study will thus contribute to the debate on the impact of the Burgundian-Habsburg state on the prolonged demise of the German Hanse
Radiological Closure of a Nuclear Weapon Accident Site with Plutonium Contamination -9479
No full textABSTRACT An explosion and fire in a BOMARC-missile launching pad in June 1960 resulted in the direct release of weapons grade plutonium (WGP) within the confines of an Air Force site in central New Jersey. The site had undergone a large-scale remediation and final status survey (FSS) in 2002 to 2004 that resulted in over 20,000 cubic yards (yd 3 ) of plutonium-contaminated soil being excavated. However, it was later discovered that the prior investigation did not address all impacted areas of the site. Several years after the initial remediation project was completed, plutonium contamination in the form of discrete particles was discovered at the site in areas excluded from the previous investigation. Emergency response activities following the fire, while following standard practices of the day, resulted in the initial spread of contamination beyond the expected fate and transport pathways that were addressed during the initial project. Routine maintenance and site operational activities at the site also contributed to further spread of contamination beyond what was expected. Cabrera Services, Inc. (CABRERA) completed several phases of site characterization, radiological remediation, and final status survey (FSS) at the site in accordance with the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) [1] to address the discrete particle issues at the site. CABRERA also conducted a thorough plutonium particle speciation study in coordination with the University of Nevada at Las Vegas as part of the development of a radiological conceptual site model. Details of this study are being presented in a separate publication. The WGP contamination throughout the site presented unique challenges in terms of site characterization and remediation. Specific technical challenges included the field detection of discrete high-activity plutonium particles over a 200-acre site and designing survey and sampling approaches to ensure compliance with the protocols outlined in the MARSSIM. CABRERA utilized innovative technologies and approaches to achieve these goals, including a large-area sodium-iodide (NaI) gamma scanning spectrometry system, in situ gamma spectroscopy with high-purity germanium detectors, and multipledepth soil sampling methods to identify locations with contamination exceeding ROD criteria (8 picocuries per gram [pCi/g] plutonium-239/240 [Pu-239/240]). The large area scanning system was a driveover-based multi-channel analyzer system with integrated Global Positioning System units to quickly identify, locate, and map areas of concern. The driveover data was post-processed using regions of interest and background subtraction to improve detection sensitivity with 24