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Cooperation and Competition: Managing Transboundary Water Resources in the Lake Victoria Region Cooperation and Competition: Managing Transboundary Water Resources in the Lake Victoria Region
No full textExploring the Key Challenges Affecting Iraqi Parliamentary Institution post Remove Saddam Hussein' Regime
No full textAbstrac
Identification and Enumeration Method of Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microorganisms in Food Sample
No full textAbstract The method to analyze both eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms without preliminary microbial information of sample seemed to be useful not only for research and investigation of microorganisms but also for industry using microorganisms. In the present manuscript, preparation of a new DNA primers, new reference database for 18S rDNA for our newly developed method [1]-[3], and analyses of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms in fermentation products were presented. In komekouji, Aspergillus spp., was enumerated to be 46.5 × 10 6 MPN g −1 , and Penicillium spp., was enumerated to be 1.5 × 10 6 MPN g −1 . In dry yeast, Saccharomyces group, were enumerated to be 8600 × 10 6 MPN g −1 . In komekouji-miso, no eukaryotic microorganism was detected, while the other Bacillus spp., was numerically dominant (21.5 × 10 6 MPN g −1 ) as prokaryotic microorganisms, followed by B. subtilis group (4.65 × 10 6 MPN g −1 ), and the other Firmicutes (3.7 × 10 6 MPN g −1 ). The komekouji-miso included lower number of Actinobacteria (0.15 × 10 6 MPN g −1 ), Burkhokderia sp. (1.5 × 10 6 MPN g −1 ), and the other α,β,γ-proteobacteria (0.12 × 10 6 MPN g −1 ). In sake-kasu, both prokaryote and eukaryote were not detected by the method. Present results indicated that using both universal primers for eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, each groups of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms were enumerated without any preliminary information nor setting up standard curve, which were required for real time PCR
Evaluation of GM-APD array devices for low-light-level imaging
No full textABSTRACT The ability to count single photons is necessary to achieve many important science objectives in the near future. This paper presents the lab-tested performance of a photon-counting array-based Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) device in the context of low-light-level imaging. Testing results include dark count rate, afterpulsing probability, intra-pixel sensitivity, and photon detection efficiency, and the effects of radiation damage on detector performance. The GM-APD detector is compared to the state-of-the-art performance of other established detectors using Signal-to-noise ratio as the overall evaluation metric
SIMULATION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A HEAT EXCHANGER DISTRIBUTOR APPLICATION
No full textABSTRACT In this work, computations of the air/water flow in a distributor were completed with the FLUENT two-phase VOF model and compared to experiments. The parameters of interest concerned the ratio between the deflected mass flow rate of the water phase to the mass flow rate of the water phase at the inlet called the deflection ratio as well as the recreation of the flow pattern of the different two-phase flows which involved slug, slug/annular and annular flows. Due to the time-consuming calculations, only 9 out of 27 experimental tests were simulated. In conclusion, it can be stated that it is possible, given the right conditions, to perform comparatively accurate simulations concerning two-phase flows in pipe applications with the FLUENT two-phase VOF model
4 6 VOLUME 31 NUMBER 1 JANUARY 2013 nature biotechnology
No full textA r t i c l e s RNA-seq is a high-throughput sequencing assay that can be used for both discovery and quantification of transcripts in a single experiment [1][2][3][4] . Recent studies have shown RNA-seq to be more accurate over a larger dynamic range of gene expression than expression microarrays Here we introduce Cuffdiff 2, which addresses both problems simultaneously by modeling variability in the number of fragments generated by each transcript across replicates. (We use the term fragment to refer to an RNA-Seq library fragment, which may be sequenced at one or both ends.) Cuffdiff 2 generates more accurate transcript-resolution estimates of changes in gene expression, compared with existing approaches, and is accurate over a wide range of RNA-seq designs, including those done on benchtop sequencers such as the Illumina MiSeq. We use Cuffdiff 2 to assess the response to knockdown of HOXA1, a member of a highly conserved family of transcription factors that establish body plan organization during developmen
