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INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND MANAGEMENT End of Module Paper -Module III Legal pluralism as a new perspective to study land rights in Nicaragua. Two case studies
No full textReversible nano-scale phase separation of Rb 4 C 60 under pressure. Reversible Nano-Scale Phase Separation of Rb 4 C 60 under Pressure
No full textAbstract. The alkali fulleride Rb 4 C 60 has been investigated by studies of the resistance and by Raman spectroscopy under pressures up to 2 GPa and 13 GPa, respectively. Our data show a reversible phase separation into metallic Rb 3 C 60 and Rb 6 C 60 at pressures above 1 GPa. The reversibility indicates that the phase separation primarily occurs on the nanometer length scale. The data explain several puzzling results reported in the recent literature. Introduction The alkali metal fullerides show fascinating structural and transport properties related to charge transfer from alkali metal (A) to fullerenes. Among A 4 C 60 materials, light alkali compounds (A = Li, Na) form interfullerene covalent bonds and thus doped fullerene polymers The results from earlier studies of Rb 4 C 60 under pressure seem incompatible. NMR data suggested an insulator-to-metal transition at 0.8 GP
A Brief History of Androgen Excess
Get PDFSUMMARY Male-like hair growth and masculinization of women and the ambiguity of genders has fascinated mankind for millennia, frequently appearing in mythology and the arts. The earliest reports of androgen excess, beginning 400 years BC, focused on the appearance of male-like hair growth and features in women, often accompanied by menstrual cessation. The first etiologies identified as a cause of androgenization in the female were adrenal disorders, primarily adrenocortical neoplasms, but also eventually adrenal hyperplasia. The first report of a patient with nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) was made in 1957. The Achard-Thiers syndrome, which was originally reported in 1921 and was felt to primarily affect postmenopausal women, included the development of diabetes mellitus, hirsutism, and menstrual irregularity or amenorrhea in conjunction with adrenocortical disease. Androgen production by the ovary was not recognized until the early 1900s, with the first case of a patient with glucose intolerance, hirsutism, and ovarian pathology reported by Tuffier in 1914. As early as the mid-18th century, the presence of sclerocystic or multicystic ovaries was recognized, although this pathology was felt to be primarily associated with pelvic pain and/or menorrhagia. It was not until the seminal report of Drs. Stein and Leventhal of 1935 that the association of polycystic ovaries and amenorrhea, and possibly obesity and/or hirsutism, was noted. Subsequent investigations have elucidated the ovarian source of the androgens the gonadotropic abnormalities, the insulin resistance, and the high prevalence of the disorder, currently known as the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This syndrome was initially treated by ovarian wedge resection, but subsequent ovulatory therapies, including clomiphene citrate, menopausal gonadotropins, and most recently insulin sensitizers, have replaced this surgery as the treatment of choice for fertility improvement in PCOS. Notwithstanding, laparoscopic ovarian drilling retains a place in our current therapeutic armamentarium for these patients
Imprecise inference for warranty contract analysis
Get PDFAbstract This paper presents an investigation into generalized Bayesian analysis of warranty contracts, using sets of prior distributions within the theory of imprecise probability. Explicit expressions are derived for optimal lower and upper bounds for the expected pro…t for the manufacturer of a product, corresponding to an imprecise negative binomial model for which two sets of prior distributions are studied. The results can be used to set a maximum value of compensation such that the manufacturer's expected pro…t remains positive, under vague prior knowledge
Wireless Personal Area Network Node Design with RFID Using ZigBee Transceiver Module 1
Get PDFAbstract Radio frequency Identification (RFID) systems and Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are the two different technologies that have created revolutionaries in the research and development field. Though these both are different technologies and have different applications area but if these two technologies are integrated together then several doors will open in research field. In this chapter we investigate and design the steps to Integrate Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system and Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) and identify new area of application like marking attendance, locate the person or any other important asset in colleges, schools as well as in industries by designing personal area network in the real environmental condition and then the location can be track without any wired network. In this chapter we will try to demonstrate a real designed prototype of integrated technologies
Status and plans of the LUCIFER Experiment
Get PDFNeutrinoless Double Beta Decay searches are the only way to give an answer to the neutrino mass nature, Dirac or Majorana. These experiments are extremely delicate and the greatest obstacle to improve their sensitivity is the background level that can be achieved. LUCIFER is a project, financed by a ERC-AdG, that would like to build a demonstrator of a technique based on the double read-out (scintillation light + heat) of ZnSe crystals used as bolometers. The goal is to reach a background lower than 0.001 counts/kg/keV/year. Along the way we would like to learn how practical is the enrichment of Se into 82 Se, how efficient is the process of crystallization and how radiopure the crystals can be grown. In this talk we will discuss the properties of ZnSe crystals and sketch the layout of the project
The Clinical Profile and Prognosis of Chinese Children with Melamine-Induced Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction. Studies have reported inconsistent results regarding clinical feature and the prognosis status of the affected children in China melamine-contamination event. We summarized available literatures by performing a review and meta-analysis. Methods. Statistical pooling was performed using random-effects model; the sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup analyses. Results. Twenty-six studies involving 2164 patients with kidney abnormalities were identified; 94.4% of the patients had urinary calculi and 95.8% of the calculi were <10 mm in diameter. Of 2040 patients with known types of treatment, 5.6% underwent surgical treatment. The pooled recovery rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after diagnosis or treatment initiation were 67.1%, 76.3%, 85.4%, and 92.3%, respectively; these pooled rates did not differ between the study subgroups stratified by mean age at diagnosis, mean duration of melamine exposure, types of patients (inpatient/outpatient), and treatment types (specific/nonspecific), except that the 1-month recovery rate for studies involving a specific treatment (71.9%) was higher than that for studies involving nonspecific treatment (46.2%). Conclusion. The majority of patients had small calculi and could recover without surgical treatment. Kidney abnormalities remained in about 8% of the patients at 12-month followup, indicating a need for longer-term followup
Everything is culture, but culture is not everything Comments on Oloyede's paper on mental illness and culture
Get PDFIn zijn commentaar op Oloyede's paper stelt de auteur dat deze in zijn pleidooi voor culturele sensitiviteit in psychiatrie tot cultureel relativisme vervalt. In zijn betoog bepleit hij drie onderling verbonden noties over cultuur en psychiatrie: dat transculturele validiteit in psychiatrie diverse lagen heeft; dat culturele verandering ook verandering te weeg brengt in ziektebegrippen; en dat cultuur niet de enige factor is waarmee men verschillen tussen groepen verklaart. [cultuur, psychiatrie, culturele sensitiviteit, cultureel relativisme, transculturele validiteit] This paper is all about culture, though from a critical perspective. Oloyede points to the relatively small degree of cultural sensitivity in psychiatry. 'Undoubtedly', he argues, 'a culturally sensitive psychiatry is needed.' 1 One can hardly disagree. But in the course of his argument, it seems that to him cultural sensitivity amounts to cultural relativism. It gives the paper a scientific naiveté that I cannot endorse. I will elaborate on some issues Oloyede pays little attention to, while to me they seem of vital importance for a good understanding of the complex relationship between culture and mental illness. Firstly I will discuss the transcultural validity of psychiatric disease concepts in cross-cultural research. Secondly, I would like to elaborate on the vanishing boundaries between cultures and the limitations of the concept of 'culture bound syndromes'. Finally, I would like to stress that focusing exclusively on culture as an explanatory factor for differences in psychiatric morbidity among groups, could lead to scientific neglect of socio-economic and political factors that are at least as important as culture. Transcultural validity Oloyede's paper is prompted by the discomfort of a group of postgraduate students who were recruited as interviewers for a survey utilizing biomedically driven research instruments. The students felt a lack of correspondence between the employed research methodology and the population for which it was used. This is an important issue. Cross cultural research should include a critical examination of the appropriateness of MEDISCHE ANTROPOLOGIE 14 (2) 2002 283 the methodology, examining whether the research instruments provide the data we are looking after. In epidemiology this process is called 'cross cultural equivalence or validity'. In a classic article Flaherty et al. (1987) describe five aspects of cross cultural equivalence. I feel this description might help to clarify these points. Content equivalenc
Linear variation analysis of intracardiac atrial impedance during internal cardioversion using rectilinear waveforms and energy step up protocol
Get PDFAbstract The major determinants of success during internal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF
Synchrotron Moessbauer Spectroscopy and Resistivity Studies of Iron Oxide Under High Pressure
Get PDFABSTRACT The strong electron correlations play a crucial role in the formation of a variety of electronic and magnetic properties of the transition metal oxides. In strongly correlated electronic materials many theoretical predictions exist on pressure-induced insulator-metal transitions, which are followed by a collapse of localized magnetic moments and by structural phase transition