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Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Patterns of Participation in Daily Physical and Play Activities
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicates several neurodevelopmental impairments which may end in impairments in motor or physical activities. Daily physical activity involvement was investigated in a total of 83 children (52 boys and 31 girls) with ASD aged 6-15 years. Results indicated that only 10 (12%) of children with ASD were physically active. Children were predominantly engaged in solitary play rather than social play activities. Gender, family income, and household structure were found to be associated with activity scores. Financial burden and lack of opportunities were noted as the leading barriers to physical activities. In conclusion, findings indicated a low rate of physical activity participation in children with ASD that is closely associated with sociodemographic variables
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No full textABSTRACT. Objective. Assess 5-year golimumab (GOL) safety in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods. Subcutaneous (SC) GOL (50 mg or 100 mg every 4 weeks) was evaluated in phase 3 trials of patients with active RA, PsA, and AS. Safety data through Year 5 were pooled across 3 RA trials [1 each evaluating methotrexate (MTX)-naive, MTX-experienced, and antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-experienced patients], 1 PsA trial, and 1 AS trial. Data summarized was derived from both placebo-controlled (through weeks 24-52) and uncontrolled study periods. For adverse events (AE) of special interest [serious infections (SI), opportunistic infections (OI), deaths, malignancies, demyelination, tuberculosis (TB)], incidence per 100 patient-years (pt-yrs) was determined. Results. Across all trials, 639 patients received placebo and 2228 received SC GOL 50 mg only (n = 671), 50 mg and 100 mg (n = 765), or 100 mg only (n = 792). Safety followup extended for averages of 28.5 and 203.2 weeks for placebo and GOL, respectively. Respective placebo and GOL AE incidence/100 pt-yrs (95% CI) through Year 5 were 4.86 (2.83-7.78) and 3.29 (2.92-3.69) for SI, 0.00 (0.00-0.86) and 0.23 (0.14-0.35) for TB, 0.00 (0.00-0.86) and 0.22 (0.13-0.34) for OI, 0.00 (0.00-0.86) and 0.10 (0.05-0.20) for lymphoma, 0.00 (0.00-0.86) and 0.08 (0.03-0.17) for demyelination, and 0.29 (0.01-1.59) and 0.41 (0.29-0.57) for death. TB, OI, lymphoma, and demyelination incidence appeared to be higher among patients receiving GOL 100 mg only. Conclusion. SC GOL safety through Year 5 remained consistent with previously reported Year 3 findings and with other TNF antagonists. Numerically higher incidences of TB, OI, lymphoma, and demyelination were observed with 100 mg versus 50 mg
Fermilab COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF DISSIPATION AND REVERSIBILITY OF SPACE-CHARGE DRIVEN PROCESSES IN BEAMS
No full textAbstract Collisionless charged particle beams are presumed to equilibrate via the long-range potential from the space charge. The exact mechanism for this equilibration, along with the question of macroscopic reversibility, has been uncertain, however. A number of computational approaches based on particle-in-cell (PIC) methods are presented which can facilitate the resolution of these questions. One such technique is the self-consistent tracking of individual particle orbits through the nonlinear potential formed by nonuniform charge density distributions. This orbit-tracking model differs from the particle-core model in that the sampled particles are systematically chosen from the actual particles in a fully self-consistent simulation. The results of this analysis are presented for a number of representative cases, and the implications of the study on equilibration mechanism are discussed
The Interaction between People's Learned Language and Their Habitual Thinking Patterns
No full textAbstract The power of language to reflect culture and influence thinking was first proposed by an American linguist and anthropologist, Edward Sapir (1884Sapir ( -1939 and his student Benjamin Whorf . The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis stated that the way we think and view the world is determined by our language Instances of cultural language differences evidenced in that some languages had specific words or cultural patterns whereas other languages used several words to representeda specific concept. Or they used totally different cultural patterns to the same occasion. In this study researcher to obtain the influence of learning new language to habitual thinking patterns of learners' mother tongue developed a Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT). To assess the linguistics relativity hypothesis (LRH) on foreign language learners, concerning that the language a speaker uses influence the way the speaker thinks
Using measurements from usability testing, search log analysis and web traffic analysis to inform development of a complex web site used for complex tasks
No full textAbstract. In this case study, we describe how we use measurements taken from web analytics and search log analysis with findings from usability testing to inform the development of web site. We describe an example of triangulating data taken from all three sources to help make design decisions; an example of drawing on web analytics and search log analysis to inform our choices of tasks during a measurement usability evaluation; and an example of using search log data to decide whether a new feature was worth investigating further. The context is enquirers making decisions about whether to pursue a course of study at a distance learning university: a long-term, complex problem
Case Report Intertoe Squamous Cell Carcinoma Developed in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis under Etanercept Therapy
No full textThe use of tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-) inhibitors in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions has altered the field of medical therapeutics. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cancer of the skin, usually affecting sun-exposed areas of the body. We present here the case of a 75-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis, who developed an intertoe squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the right foot. According to her history, she received etanercept and methotrexate for 5 years for rheumatoid arthritis. The rare localization of this cancer could suggest a possible linkage of the malignancy to the chronic intake of anti-TNFtreatment. This is the first reported case of an interdigital SCC developed under the use of an anti-TNF-agent
Article Functional Biases in Visual Cortex Neurons with Identified Projections to Higher Cortical Targets
No full textSummary Background: Visual perception involves information flow from lower-to higher-order cortical areas, which are known to process different kinds of information. How does this functional specialization arise? As a step toward addressing this question, we combined fluorescent retrograde tracing with in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to simultaneously compare the tuning properties of neighboring neurons in areas 17 and 18 of ferret visual cortex that have different higher cortical projection targets. Results: Neurons projecting to the posterior suprasylvian sulcus (PSS) were more direction selective and preferred shorter stimuli, higher spatial frequencies, and higher temporal frequencies than neurons projecting to area 21, anticipating key differences between the functional properties of the target areas themselves. These differences could not be explained by a correspondence between anatomical and functional clustering within early visual cortex, and the largest differences were in properties generated within early visual cortex (direction selectivity and length preference) rather than in properties present in its retinogeniculate inputs. Conclusions: These projection cell groups, and hence the higher-order visual areas to which they project, likely obtain their functional properties not from biased retinogeniculate inputs but from highly specific circuitry within the cortex
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MONITORING OF EARLY PREGNANCY DEVELOPMENT IN MURRAH BUFFALO HEIFERS (BUBALUS BUBALIS)
No full textABSTRACT The aim of the current study was to monitor the early pregnancy development in buffalo and establish biometric threshold of different gestational vesicle and embryo/fetal parts from the day of diagnostic to the 70 th day of pregnancy. Serial daily sonographic examinations were carried out on eleven pregnant buffalo-heifers, during which the gestational vesicle diameter, amniotic vesicle diameter, crown-rump length, trunk diameter and biparietal diameter were measured. Embryo/fetal sex characteristics were also determined during sonographic examination. The gestational vesicle, embryo and its heartbeats were assessed, respectively, by gestational days (gd) 20.55 2.34; 25.18 1.91 and 25.27 3.58 of pregnancy. The liquid column in non pregnant horn and amniotic vesicle were detected, respectively, by days 31.0 3.83 and 31.64 2.34 of pregnancy. Subsequently were sequentially detected the neural tube (gd 33.0 3.51), umbilical chord (gd 40.25 2.76), early limbs, (gd 41.67 4.85), embryos proper movement (gd 46.25 2.36), vertebral column (gd 47.33 4.9), body organization (gd 47.48 5.61), genital tubercle (gd 44.5 2.39), fetal bones (gd 56.56 1.16), brain (gd 57.5 1.2), urinary bladder (gd 57.88 3.08), stomach cavities (gd 59.17 4.36), brain ventricles (gd 61.09 2.34), end of migration of genital tubercle in males (gd 58.4 2.2) and in females (gd 60.4 4.2), skull acoustic shadow (gd 59.66 3.13), vertebra acoustic shadow (gd 62.14 3.13), ribs acoustic shadow (gd 64 2.65) and limb bones acoustic shadow (gd 65 1.58) and liver (gd 66.63 3.54). High regression and correlation coefficients were found between different studied parameters and gestational age, where the highest correlation was found with the biparietal diameter and crown-rump length. In conclusion, the overall data indicated the feasibility and value of ultrasonographic embryo, fetal and vesicle characteristics and embryo/fetometry in buffaloes for the evaluation of fetal development and estimation of gestational age during the first 70 th pregnancy days