China Health Review (CHR) - China Health Policy and Management Society (CHPAMS)
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The impact of China’s ‘Zero-markup Policy for Essential Drugs’ on patients, county hospital revenue and government subsidy levels
No full text经倍差法分析，药品零差率政策对病人的就医费用和医院收入有显著影响。政策实施后，次均门诊费用降低19元，次均住院费用降低近400元；县级医院的医疗服务提供量增加、医院总收入增加的同时，药品收入减少。从政府补贴的角度看，我们的研究测算了确保医院收入年增长率5%的情况下，药品零差率政策实施时政府应该补贴给医院的额度。分析表明，即使药品的价格下降，因为医疗服务的使用率增加，医院收入增加，政府补贴的负担很小。经系统分析，药品零差率政策可以在零补贴或者是少量补贴的情况下可持续地实施。 In 2009, China implemented a Zero-markup Policy for Essential Drugs (ZPED), a policy with potential to dramatically improve health in the country. This series of studies aims to evaluate the impact of ZPED on patients, county hospital revenue and government subsidy levels.Data from Ningshan and Zhenping county hospitals were collected. The hospitals were selected because they were comparable in many ways, with the exception of Ningshan having implemented ZPED during a period when Zhenping had not. Ningshan, therefore, was used as the experimental group and Zhenping the control group. To compare outcomes of interest between the counties, the primary method of analysis was a difference-in-differences model.The results showed that ZPED had an effect on patients’ medical expenditure, county hospital revenue and government subsidy levels. With regard to patients, in absolute terms, the total expense per visit reduced by 19.02 CNY (3.12 USD) for outpatient services and 399.6 CNY (65.60 USD) for inpatient services. In relative terms, the expense per visit was reduced by 11% for both outpatient and inpatient services. With regard to the impact on county hospital revenue, for Ningshan County hospital, ZPED led to an increase in health care provision and a sustained total hospital income despite a decrease in drug revenue. Lastly, with regard to government subsidy levels, the research demonstrates that with minimal or no subsidy, the government can catalyze the zero-markup policy and potentially generate positive outcomes for county hospitals. Overall, this research showed that ZPED has led to positive outcomes for patients, county hospitals and the government.
Effectively Facilitating the Collaboration between the Environmental Health Community in China and Overseas Scholars
Full text linkThis commentary discusses the difficulties facing US-based researchers in collaborating with Chinese research institutions, and proposes a potential solution led by non-government funding agencies. 中国近年来的经济发展在带动整个社会进步的同时也带来了日益严重的环境污染。评估并管理由此产生的全社会范围的健康风险是中国政府急需解决的一个重要问题。在美国大学任职的华裔科学家是中美在环境健康领域合作的中坚力量，对培养中国科研人才，提高科研水平起着至关重要的作用。然而美国日益激烈的科研竞争以及大学对教授业绩的评价体制导致华裔科学家的工作很难被其所在的机构认可，客观上抑制了中美之间的交流。本文针对这种情况，建议以CMB为代表的基金会等组织对华裔科学家在中国的工作提供有限度的经费资助，从而保证华裔科学家在华的时间投入，从而有效推进双方的深入合作
Memorable Summer: CHPAMS Activity Review in 2015
Full text linkSummer is up beating for everybody and for CHPAMS as well. To promote the potential collaborations among our members and make the professional network stronger, CHPAMS initiated a series of activities in summer 2015. Dr. Lizheng Shi from Tulane University opened the scene of summer 2015 by organizing a CHPAMS reception at International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Annual International Meeting in Philadelphia on May 19, 2015. This event was well attended by over more than 40 scholars from industry, academia, and government agencies across the world. After the event, a special wechat group with more than 150 members was developed almost overnight, which shows a strong momentum of this excellent social network event. June is definitely a busy month for CHPAMS. Our members were actively participating in events in China and U.S. The Chinese Economists Society (CES) 2015 Conference in Chongqing, China was definitely a highlight for CHPAMS members. Dr. Lizheng Shi, the incumbent CES President and myself both served on the CES board to organize this significant event on June 13-14. We fortunately invited two Nobel Laureates, Kenneth Arrow, and Sir James Mirrlees, as keynote speakers. CHPAMS hosted a forum for junior scholars at the meeting and I chaired a round table which focused on Aging Population and Health Reform in China. Dr. Gordon Liu, Dr. Shuanglin Lin from Peking University, Dr. Yinyao Chen from Fudan University, and Dr. Hengjin Dong from Zhejiang University delivered excellent speeches at this roundtable and received warm responses from the audience. CHPAMS members also received several prestigious awards: Mr. HUANG Wei for Best CES Economics Student Award, Dr. HE Guojun for Gregory Chow Best Paper Award, and I’m so humble to receive the Best Service Award. All these activities and awards demonstrate the excellence CHPAMS and its members are pursuing. Right after the CES conference, CHPAMS members joined the 2nd Westlake Youth Forum on June 15-18, 2015 in Hangzhou, China. The Westlake Youth Forum is a significant event organized by China Medical Board (CMB), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and CHPAMS. The forum attracted over 50 attendees and CHPAMS members actively participated in the forums as presenters, moderators, and discussants. CHPAMS also held its reception on June 16, which had an unforgettable night for all attendees. Thanks to CMB’s generous support, the Westlake Youth Forum provides excellent educational and networking opportunities to junior public health and health policy scholars in China and overseas. Almost at the same time, a group of health services researchers attended CHPAMS’ reception at the 2015 AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting (ARM) on June 15, 2015 in Minneapolis, MN. Approximately 20 current and new CHPAMS members participated and enjoyed the reception. This social event provided a delightful opportunity for Chinese researchers from all around the world to exchange ideas and collaborate in the future. The China Health Policy and Management Society (CHPAMS) and its members actively participated in the International Health Economics Association (iHEA) 11th World Congress in Milan, Italy on July 13-15, 2015. CHPAMS was highlighted as one of the premier Chinese organizations in the Congress\u27 program. CHPAMS members contributed to the biennial conference as scientific committee members, session chairs, and presenters. CHPAMS also hosted a reception for attending members with a memorable reunion in the summer of Milan. Except for attending a variety of conferences in the summer, CHPAMS successfully hosted the 2nd Jump-Start Your Career (JSYC) Webinar on June 30, 2015. The Jump-Start Your Career is a series of webinars hosted by CHPAMS to facilitate the members’ career development in their own fields by introducing career opportunities in and out of China. CHPAMS hosted the 1st Jump-Start Your Career in May 2015 and we invited two premier speakers for this inaugural event from Peking University and Shandong University. The 2nd JSYC highlighted senior speakers from Zhejiang University and Fudan University, who introduced their institutions, job opportunities, benefits to recruit talented scholars. Several junior faculty members from each institution described their experience and lives as the returnees in China. The speakers interacted with CHPAMS members and answered questions from the participants during the live event. CHPAMS appreciated the following speakers who support the Jump-Start Your Career webinars. Peking University, School of Public Health Qingyue Meng, Dean, School of Public Health and Executive Director, PKU China Center for Health Development Studies Xiaoyun Liu, Associate Professor, PKU China Center for Health Development Studies Shandong University, School of Medicine and Health Management Qiang Sun, Deputy Dean, School of Medicine and Health Management and Executive Director, Center for Health Management and Policy Xiaojie Sun, Associate Professor, Center for Health Management and Policy Zhejiang University, School of Public Health & School of Medicine Shankuan ZHU, Associate Dean and Professor, Founding Director of Chronic Disease Institute, School of Public Health Hai YU, Professor, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine Hengjin DONG, Professor, Associate Director of Department of Social Medicine , School of Public Health; Director of Center for Health Policy, School of Medicine Xiaoguang MA, Associate Professor, Secretary of Human Resource Committee, School of Public Health Fudan University, School of Public Health Wen CHEN, Dean, Professor of Health Economics Yingyao CHEN, Associate Dean, Professor of Health Services Zhuohui ZHAO, Associate Professor of Environmental Health Yubin ZHANG, Associate Research Fellow of Occupational Health Min HU, Lecturer of Health Economics CHPAMS welcomes other institutions to conduct recruitment talks at the future Jump-Start Your Career webinar series. All these activities significantly enhanced the bondage of our members and the organization and received positive responses from all stakeholders. CHPAMS is determined to continue these efforts to provide more opportunities to our members. We thank the China Medical Board (CMB) and Beijing Office colleagues’ strong support to CHPAMS and the diverse activities in this summer. We will continue to roll out our activities into the Fall
