China Health Review (CHR) - China Health Policy and Management Society (CHPAMS)

Zhang, Kun

ABOUT CHPAMS: MEMBERS’ UPDATES  
CAREER AND PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENT 
Peixuan Guo, Ph.D., was recently moved to College of Pharmacy at University of Kentucky and 
appointed as the Endowed Chair of Nanobiotchnology. Prior to this appointment, he was a 
Professor at Purdue University for 17 years and was Endowed Chair of Biomedical Engineering at 
University of Cincinnati.  Currently, he is also the Director of Cancer Nanotechnology Platform 
Partnership Program at the National Cancer Institute. 
 
 
 
  
34 
 


English

About CHPAMS:Members’ Updates

Na, Muzi

News and Announcements

Zhang, Shufang

5 
 
CMB OPEN COMPETITION REVIEW PROCESS 
美国中华医学基金会公开竞标项目评审过程 
 
By Shufang Zhang, PhD,  
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development 
张术芳，博士，联合国社会发展研究院 
 
The key principle of the review process of CMB’s Open Competition (OC) proposals is to ensure 
transparency and fairness. Reviewers of the OC proposals are chosen to ensure the balance of 
discipline representation as well as the academic rigor and credential in Health Policy and System 
Sciences (HPS) research.  
The proposals are reviewed and assessed based on five main criteria: the likely value of the project, 
the appropriateness of the methods, feasibility, cross-disciplinary content and the research 
experience of the PI and Co-PIs. Among those five criteria, appropriateness of the methods carries 
the highest weight, followed by feasibility. These criteria are applied throughout the entire review 
process.    
The review process of the CMB’s Open Competition (OC) grants includes two major stages: the 
review of the proposal abstracts and the review of the invited full proposals.  
At the review stage of proposal abstracts, each reviewer is asked to assess and score a proposal 
abstract based on the above mentioned 5 criteria, and make suggestion regarding whether the full 
proposal of the abstract shall be invited or not.  The final decision on the full proposal invitation is 
made based on the combined results of recommendation made by each independent reviewer, 
whose views are weighted equally.  
The review stage of the full proposal includes two steps. In step one, all submitted full proposals are 
reviewed and scored based on the same criteria mentioned above. Reviewers are asked to 
recommend based on his or her scoring whether a proposal definitely shall be funded, maybe 
funded conditional on revision, or not to be funded. Reviewers are also asked to provide brief 
comments of each proposal. The decision regarding whether a full proposal is invited for further 
revision is made based on the combined results of recommendations made by each independent 
reviewer, whose views are weighted equally. Applicants whose proposals are suggested to be 
funded or funded conditional on revision based on reviewer’s recommendation are provided with 
reviewer comments of their full proposal and invited to submit a revised full proposals for final 
review in step two. In step two, reviewers are asked to assess and score the proposals based on the 
same criteria mentioned above and make final recommendations whether a proposal shall be 
funded or not, with brief comments of each proposal. The final funding decision is then made 
based on the consolidated review results and recommendations by the reviewers. 
The review process follows the common standard and the decision is made purely based on the 
merits. In rare cases when a reviewer might have a conflict of interest, the proposals under concern 
are reviewed by other reviewers without conflict of interest for the proposals under concern.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
In case an applicant has questions regarding the review results, CMB provides open channels for 
communication and clarification.   
  


CMB Open Competition Review Process

Qin, Xuezheng

Peng, Yinan

37 
 
 
POLICY AND PRACTICE UPDATES 
 
大部制微调：食药监管酝酿整合 防止相互推诿 
来源：新华网  2013 年 02月 25 日 
http://health.sohu.com/20130225/n366909169.shtml 
 
2 月 23 日，中共中央政治局召开会议，讨论了《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案（草案）》，确定将其作为
十八届二中全会的议题之一。据知情人士称，草案中的最大亮点是酝酿打造食品药品监管“大部”——将国务
院食品安全委员会办公室与现由卫生部管理的国家食品药品监督管理局（下称“国家食药监局”）合并，并吸
纳散落在农业、质检、工商、商务、卫生等部门的食品药品安全监管职能，成立正部级的国家食品药品安全监
督管理总局。 
 
有研究食品安全监管的学者认为，食品生产经营根据其属性而言，是一个全周期的完整链条，但是由于种种历
史原因，在我国，食品安全的监管被人为地划分了段落，由于多头管理，中国的食品药品安全监管体系存在颇
多漏洞，国务院正试图通过新一轮“大部制”改革将这一体系理顺。 
 
根据我国食品安全法和药品管理法规定，食品和药品的安全管理实行的是地方政府负总责的原则，意即实行地
方分级管理的属地原则。在这种模式下，地方政府在接下来的机构改革中发挥创造性改革的空间很大，不一定
完全根据中央的模式一刀切，但是总的思路还是要进行部门和职能的整合。 
 
事实上，在监管体系整合方面，一些地方已经走在了中央的前面。例如陕西渭南则将农业、工商、质监、卫生、
畜牧、水产甚至林业、环保和城管等部门所有有关食品安全的职能整合在一起。深圳设立的市场监督管理局，
则将工商、质监、知识产权监管职能统一在一个机构下，并下设一个二级局负责食品安全监管。如果借鉴上述
地方的经验，除食品药品安全监管之外，工商、质监、知识产权等市场秩序方面的监管职能亦可整合。不过，
国家质监部门的一名工作人员对本报表示，虽然参照深圳模式构建大监管的思路也得到了热烈讨论，但目前尚
未看到高层就此作出指示。 
 
Integration of Drug and Food Administrations 
 
CPC Central Committee Political Bureau held a meeting on February 23 and discussed “State 
Council Institutional Reform and Functional Transformation Program (the Draft)”, which will be a 
topic at the 18th Second Plenary Session. The Draft aims to create a Ministry of Food and Drug 
Safety at the national level to house the current fragmented food and drug safety regulatory 
bodies.  
 
Researchers in food safety regulation points out that food production and distribution is a full-cycle 
process that should be administered as a whole. Due to various historical reasons, this process was 
broken up and regulated by multiple agencies, creating regulatory redundancy and loop holes. 
 
Local governments will play a big role in this reform since they are the ones actually implementing 
food and drug safety regulations. In fact, some local governments are leading the way by 
combining food safety functions across multiple offices such as agriculture, commerce, quality 
monitoring, public health, livestock, fisheries, and even forestry and environmental protection. 
Experiences from local governments might serve as a blueprint for the national reform. 
 
中国社会资本办医论谈在厦门举办 
《中国行业研究网》 2013-03-02 
http://www.chinairn.com/news/20130302/090444870.html  
 
38 
 
中国社会资本办医论坛当天在厦门举办，来自政府部门、公立和民办医院、投资方代表、相关社会团体和单位
的与会者，共同探索符合中国国情的社会办医新路子。 
 
此间，中国卫生部部长陈竺在论坛上表示，中国社会资本办医发展现状与国家“十二五”医改规划提出的目标
尚有较大差距，要推进社会办医发展，加快形成多元化办医格局。当前，医改进入深水区、社会办医面临发展
之际，越来越多有识之士将社会资本投入医疗卫生行业，但从整体上看，社会办医机构目前存在规模普遍偏小、
地区间发展不平衡、人才结构不尽合理等问题，中国社会资本办医发展现状与国家“十二五”医改规划提出的
目标尚有较大差距，要推进社会办医发展，加快形成多元化办医格局。 
 
陈竺表示，从历史和实践看，社会办医有利于改善医疗服务体系结构、质量和效益，有利于促进医疗服务市场
的竞争，促使公立医院拓宽思路、提高质量。所以，需要进一步引导和鼓励社会力量办医，推进社会办医发展，
加快形成多元化的办医格局，一方面需要继续完善社会办医政策，另一方面需要在医院卫生服务需求和社会资
本之间搭建桥梁，畅通渠道，互通信息。 
 
据悉，目前中国社会办医机构数占全国总数的 47.9%，床位数占全国的 9.7%，卫生人员数占全国的 12.1%，已
成为中国医疗体系的重要组成部分，对其办医质量的改革将对中国医改起到重要的影响。 
 
Xiamen Held Debate on Private Capital Funded Hospitals 
 
Xiamen hosted a debate on how best to use private capital to fund hospitals, with attendees from 
diverse backgrounds that include government agencies, public and private hospitals, investors, 
and related non-government organizations.  
 
Minister of Health Chen Zhu stated that the current development in social capital funded hospitals 
is still far from the goals set by the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. There are existing problems that are 
hindering the process, such as small scale investment, uneven regional development, and less than 
ideal personnel distribution.  
 
From a historical perspective, private capital funded hospitals are beneficial for reforming medical 
system, increasing medical service quality, and providing much needed competition for public 
hospitals.  
 
Currently, 47.9% of hospitals in China are funded by private capital, occupying 9.7% of all hospital 
beds, and 12.1% of medical service personnel. They are an increasingly important component of 
the Chinese medical system.  
 
医保并轨初起步 
《财经》杂志 2013-03-25 
http://magazine.caijing.com.cn/2013-03-25/112617491.html 
 
2013 年 3 月 18 日，国务院总理李克强主持召开新一届国务院第一次常务会议，提出了“整合城镇职工基本医
疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗的职责”这一工作动向。而在此之前的 3 月 10 日，国务
委员兼国务院秘书长马凯在全国“两会”上作《关于国务院机构改革和职能转变方案的说明》中，也有对三大
医保“由一个部门承担”的改革进行了表述。  
 
中国政府之所以在近期将三大医保的并轨问题提上议程，则是由于伴随着覆盖面的不断扩大，原有的医疗保险
管理体制越来越多地受到诟病。由于分属两个部门管理，新农合和城镇居民医保在大多数地方并行：两套经办
机构、两套人马、两套信息系统。而两个经办机构的信息系统互不兼容，不但存在重复建设情况，更导致大量
重复参保。统计显示，城镇居民和新农合的重复参保约占总人口的 10％，这无疑造成财政资金浪费。而这的
结果不仅对医保制度本身造成损害，导致风险不能在更大范围内分担，加剧医保基金财务危机的可能，更使得
39 
 
卫生部不堪“一手托两家”（既管医院，又管医保）的负重，行政人员不断增多，基层医疗机构甚至出现“再
行政化”趋势。 
因此，实现医保并轨，提高统筹层级，简化医保的行政负担，提高医保基金的抗风险能力，将医保政策和经办
机构的统指挥，减少行政资源浪费的改革已势在必行。 
 
Initial Steps in Combining Medical Insurances 
 
On March 18, Premier LI Keqiang chaired the first executive meeting of the new State Council, and 
proposed combining three major medical insurances as one of the major tasks. The three main 
basic insurances are for urban workers, urban residents, and rural residents, and under the proposal, 
they will be managed under one ministry.  
 
This proposal is a response to increasing criticism of the current medical insurance system as 
insurance coverage expanded. Currently, there are two co-existing systems that manage urban 
residents and works separate from rural residents. There are extensive overlap between the two 
systems, resulting in considerable waste, both in resources and personnel. About 10% of policy 
holders are insured under both systems. Health departments are required to manage both hospitals 
and medical insurances, and are straining under the pressure.  
 
Based on these factors, it is of utter most importance to combine the three types of basic 
insurances under one system, to reduce burdens on the health departments and waste. 
 
十二五医改路线公布 县级公立医院成试验田 
《人民网》 2013-03-26 
http://js.people.com.cn/html/2012/03/26/93748.html 
 
3 月 21 日，国务院印发《“十二五”期间深化医药卫生体制改革规划暨实施方案》，明确提出，“十二五”
期间要在加快健全全民医保体制、巩固完善基本药物制度和基层运行新机制、积极推进公立医院改革三个方面
取得重点突破，同时，统筹推进其他领域改革。分析人士认为，在上一轮医改，前两项任务已经取得了巨大成
效，惟有公立医院改革迟迟未动。从《医改规划》可看出，公立医院改革将是未来几年内的重中之重。国务院
医改办公室有关负责人也表示：“十二五”时期，改革的重心逐步从基层上移到公立医院，涉及到体制机制改
革的问题更多更复杂。这是利益格局调整的深水区，医药卫生体制长期积累的深层次矛盾在这一时期集中暴露，
需要逐一破解。” 
 
作为医疗卫生服务终端的公立医院已成医改必须攻克的“堡垒”，相关部门曾经制定过很多政策试图解决此问
题，但成效并不好。比如，2010 年年初，《公立医院改革试点指导意见》出台，选取全国 16 个城市试点公立
医院改革。从试点情况看，现在改革大多是围绕着外围项目转，如住院医师培训、信息化、医院管理等，对深
层次的问题鲜有触及。对此，卫生部副部长马晓伟曾表示，公立医院改革在体制机制改革、结构性调整等方面
仍然任重道远，主要表现为：补偿机制改革滞后、公立医院内涵建设和调动医务人员积极性的运行机制缺位、
医疗资源总量不足分布不平衡、公立医院改革配套缺失以及药品生产流通体制、药品定价机制、基本医疗保障
制度支付方式改革等工作推进缓慢。 
 
对此，《医改规划》提出“十二五”期间要把县级公立医院改革放在突出位置，以破除“以药补医”机制为关
键环节，统筹推进管理体制、补偿机制、人事分配、采购机制、价格机制等方面的综合改革；加强以人才、技
术、重点专科为核心的能力建设，力争使县域内就诊率提高到 90%左右，基本实现大病不出县。2015 年要实现
县级公立医院阶段性改革目标。 
 
Twelfth Five-Year Plan Medical Reform Blueprint: Piloting in County-level Public Hospitals 
 
The State Council recently released documents regarding the deepening of medical reform during 
the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Of the three main goals, build a sound universal insurance plan, 
40 
 
reinforce basic drug list system, and push for public hospital reform, only the last one remains barely 
touched and will be the focus of the next round of medical reform.  
 
During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the focus of medical reform will move from local hospitals to 
public hospitals, and the accompanying institutional reform problems will only become more 
numerous and complicated. Through this reform, many deep-seated conflicts relating to different 
interest groups will surface and need to be addressed one by one.  
 
There have been several attempts at reforming public hospitals, the last “Fortress” in the medical 
reform process, with little to no results. Most attempts only addressed surface-level issues, without 
implementing any meaning change, such as reforming compensation system, building public 
hospital infrastructure, balancing distribution of medical resources, and ensuring repayment of 
basic medical insurance.  
 
To address these issue, county-level public hospitals will become the center of attention during the 
new round of medical reform, and be able to provide medical care to 90% of the county 
population through comprehensive reform of management, repayment, personnel, purchasing, 
and pricing systems. 
 
青海实施 5 项医改政策为民减负 
《中国医疗保险》 2013-05-02 
http://www.zgylbx.com/droqoyshnew47065_1/ 
 
从 2013 年 5 月 1 日起，青海省陆续出台实施“进一步提高城乡居民医保筹资标准并统一医保政策”“青海省
城镇职工大病保险办法（试行）”“巩固完善基本药物制度和基层运行新机制”“建立青海省疾病应急救助制
度”和“推进药物流通领域改革”五项今年医改的主要政策措施。 
 
具体来说，第一，2013 年青海省将实行统一的城乡居民医保政策，将新农合和城镇居民医保并轨，实现统一
的管理部门、筹资标准、州市级统筹、基本政策和信息系统，全面实现城乡居民医保一体化，为广大群众提供
即时、便捷的服务；第二，青海省将实施城镇职工大病保险，减轻参加城镇职工医疗保险人员的高额医疗费用
负担，职工大病保险实行州、市级统筹，省直机关、企事业单位以及中央驻省企事业单位职工大病保险实行省
级管理；第三，青海省关于巩固完善基本药物制度和基层运行新机制的实施方案，明确了从完善药物采购和配
送、加强基本药物使用和监管、深化夯实基层综合改革、加强基层医疗卫生服务体系建设、健全完善医药卫生
监管机制五个方面进行改革；第四，青海省将建立疾病应急救助制度，主要是着力解决极少数需要急救但身份
不明、无能力支付医疗费用患者的医疗急救保障问题，避免由于“等钱救命”等原因而导致严重后果的发生，
切实保障人民群众生命安全，维护社会和谐稳定；第五，药品流通领域会加强对政府和基层医疗机构的监察，
并建立由财政、民政、人力资源和社会保障部门联合监管和人大、政协代表、监察、审计、医学专家、捐赠人、
媒体人士、群众代表等组成的基金监管委员会进行监督检查的监管机制。 
 
Qinghai Implemented 5 Medical Reform Policies to Alleviate Residents’ Medial Treatment Burden 
 
Starting May 1 of this year, Qinghai provincial government introduced five new medical reform 
policies aimed providing more accessible care to its residents.  
 
First, Qinghai province will integrate urban and rural residents’ medical insurance policies under one 
management system to reduce waste in administrative personnel and provide faster and more 
convenient care to residents. Second, Qinghai province will provide serious illness insurance to 
urban workers to alleviate financial burden for medical care. Third, the province will reinforce and 
improve the essential drug list system, ensuring drug purchasing, distribution, and monitoring can be 
done at the local level. Fourth, the province will establish emergency care system for patients who 
are in dire need of medical care but whose couldn’t provide identification at the time. Fifth, 
monitoring and supervising of the government and local medical institute will be strengthened 
41 
 
through coalition of various organizations such as financial, civic service, human resources, social 
welfare, media, and the general public.  
 
山西“医改”迈新步 万余闲置床位被压缩 
《新华网》 2013-05-08 
http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2013-05/08/c_115690432.htm 
 
近来，山西推进公立医院改革迈出新步，对医疗资源布局、优化展开整体规划，已核减闲置医疗机构床位
1.36 万张。今后，床位使用率不足的医疗机构还将予以动态核减。山西省卫生厅医政处处长刘洋介绍说：
“随着职能发生改变，一些乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务机构转为公共卫生服务为主，住院病人数量已经非常少。
一些厂矿医院也出现了不同程度的床位闲置问题。”其中，被压缩的病床主要集中在厂矿医院和部分基层医疗
机构。 
 
一个床位的投入究竟有多少？刘洋说，对大型医院来讲，床位投入约占其整个财政投入的 5%左右。大量闲置
床位的存在，导致财政投入增加、人员编制增多，维护费用也相应高涨。对于床位，基层流传着“不管用不用，
放在那里就是钱”的形象说法。据介绍，此前山西医疗机构床位数为每千人 4.26 张，超过国家每千人 4 张的
标准，紧跟北京、上海和广州，比周边省份都高。压缩之后，山西医疗机构床位数达到每千人 3.85 张。 
 
“从全国范围来看，社会资本举办医疗机构数量占医疗机构总数约三分之一，其床位数仅占医疗机构总床位数
的 8%到 10%，呈数量多、规模小的现状。”刘洋说，这种现状今后将得到逐步调整。因此，根据山西近来下发
的通知，厂矿医院、乡（镇）卫生院等基层医疗机构闲置床位将逐步调整、核减，原则上基层医疗机构以观察
床为主，不设置床位。存量床位将重点向短缺地区、社会资本举办医疗机构以及老年护理、康复等薄弱专科医
疗机构倾斜，以此优化医疗资源的配置，防治医疗基础设施的重复建设。 
 
Shanxi Making Process in Medical Reform 
 
Recently, Shanxi province made strides in streamlining the medical care system by reducing 
unused hospital bed by 13,600. Going forward, medical institutes with under-utilized hospital beds 
will continue this reduction based on needs.  
 
How much does a bed cost for a hospital? For large-scale hospitals, bed investment costs about 5% 
of their overall finance. Large amount of unused or under-utilized beds leads to increased financial 
and personnel investments. Before the reform, Shanxi medical institutes have about 4.26 beds per 
1,000 residents, exceeding the national standard of 4 beds per 1,000 residents. After reduction, 
there are about 3.85 beds per 1,000 residents.  
 
In the future, local level health clinics will concentrate on observational beds, and surplus hospital 
beds will be taken to resource poor areas, private capital supported hospitals, elderly care and 
physical therapy facilities, to optimize and equalize distribution of medical resource.  
 
  


Policy and Practice Updates

 
 
Qi (Harry) Zhang, BA,PhD  
ABOUT CHPAMS: FEATURE MEMBER 
Qi (Harry) Zhang, BA, PhD 
Qi (Harry) Zhang (张琪) is a tenured Associate Professor in the College of 
Health Sciences at Old Dominion University (ODU).  He graduated from 
Fudan University with a BA in Economics in 1998, University of Alabama 
with a PhD in Economics in 2001.  Dr. Zhang worked as a Senior Health 
Outcomes Researcher at Section of General Internal Medicine at 
University of Chicago for four years prior to joining ODU in 2005.  His 
research interest focuses on the socioeconomic disparity in health 
outcomes, including obesity and food insecurity among low-income 
population. Dr. Zhang has published 21 peer-reviewed papers on 
journals such as Social Science & Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, 
and American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.  He has been the Principal 
Investigator of numerous research grants funded by the National 
Institutes of Health, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, and U.S. 
Department of Agriculture.  Dr. Zhang serves on the editorial board of three international journals 
and periodically reviews manuscripts for about thirty academic journals.  He also serves as a 
proposal reviewer for the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, and the China Medical Board. 
 
1.  What inspired you? 
Almost 15 years ago when I first arrived in the United States, a Chinese professor from Emory 
University encouraged us: “From now on, you should live with passion, imagination, and 
ambition.”  After striving in the United States for 15 years, the quote still is a source of inspiration 
for me.  Life is not an easy journey for most people and how to maximize the meaning of our 
lives is a challenging question, even to the best economists in the world.  
 
2.  If you had not entered your current profession, what would you have liked to do? 
Perhaps I would be a historian.  It might sound boring to a lot of people, but history is always a 
fascinating topic for me throughout my life.  History major was in my deep heart when I was 
applying for college.  Unfortunately due to the fad at that time, I ended up majoring in 
international finance, which was the most popular major with decent salary expectation.  
Ironically, I settled my job neither in Investment Banking nor Museum. Retrospectively I learned 
two lessons: “Follow your heart” and “Do not chase fashion trends.”  
 
3.  What is your worst working habit? 
Although specialization and becoming a guru in one narrow area is desirable for most people, I 
just cannot focus my interests either in work or in my life.  I have so many uncontrollable 
curiosities in a variety of fields, such as history, politics, laws, religion, etc.  Perhaps I could have 
achieved more in my own profession if I limit the efforts only to the job-related fields.  I think the 
world and life as a complex system and every part could be related.  Thinking like a baby and 
exploring the unknown fields sound exciting and refreshing to me. 
    
 
  
39 
 


About CHPAMS: Feature Member

Chen, Zhuo

 
China Health Review   Volume 4 Issue 1, March 2013 
 
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION 
The March 2013 issue of China Health Review includes an interview with Professor BA Denian, an 
article by Professor Baogang Guo, and a special interview with Professor Richard Rothenberg, in 
addition to our usual sections. 
In an Interview with Dr. Yi Pan, Professor BA Denian, an elected member of the Chinese Academy 
of Engineering and the U.S. Institute of Medicine, recounted his educational experience and career 
path, outlined his vision of medical education in China, and shared his thoughts on the 
development of health policy and public health in China. 
In the Perspective section, Professor Baogang Guo reviewed the history of China's healthcare 
reform, offered his perspectives on the unintended consequences of the (earlier) reform and on the 
future direction of the reform. 
We started a Special Interview series in this issue. The purpose of the series is to facilitate a dialogue 
between health policy and systems sciences (HPSS) researchers in China and editors of 
international journals with HPSS-related focuses and scopes. Dr. Richard Rothenberg, Editor-in-Chief 
of Annals of Epidemiology, described the history and scopes of the Annals, offered his comments 
and suggestions to HPSS researchers from China (certainly many others would find his comments 
useful as well!) on research topic selection, use of methodology, etc. He concluded with a 
message to Chinese authors − "[W]e welcome articles from China on all fronts that are of global 
interest".  
Research Twitter provides summaries of eight recent publications, covering topics such as reducing 
HIV-related stigma, full coverage of hypertension drugs in rural China, cost-effectiveness of a 
hypertension control intervention in community health centers, family planning and sex ratio, labor 
supply of healthcare professionals, disparities in healthcare utilization in China, behavioral and 
molecular of risky sexual contacts in a sample of Chinese HIV-infected men who have sex with men, 
and the effect of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on utilization of medical care 
among adults over 45. 
Policy Practice and Updates includes seven updates concerning topics including healthcare 
reform, public hospital reform, drug administration, China's five-year plan for health sector, basic 
medicine,  and pharmaceutical market.  
In About CHPAMS, we introduce to you Dr. Yinan Peng, a research fellow for the Task Force on 
Community Preventive Services. You will also find recent career and professional updates for 
Professor Peixuan Guo.   
News and Announcements section features job opportunities with Harvard University and Sun Yat-
Sen University. Please also find a call-for-questions for our special interviews with journal editors, and 
a call for submissions for the CHPAMS Best Papers Award (deadline: April 30, 2013).  
Enjoy Reading! 
  
1 
 
导读： 
 
2013 年 3 月期《中国卫生评论》包括巴德年教授的访谈、郭保刚教授的文章，以及对 Richard Rothenberg
教授的专访。 
 
在访谈部分，中国工程院院士、美国医学科学院院士巴德年教授在接受潘羿博士的采访时，回顾了他的求学经
历和职业生涯，描述了他对中国医学教育的看法，并分享了他对中国卫生政策和公共卫生事业发展的见解。 
 
在观点部分，郭保刚教授回顾了中国医疗卫生改革的历史进程，并就改革（早期）出现的预期之外的不良影响
和改革的未来发展方向提出了自己的观点。 
 
我们在本期开辟了专访系列栏目。本栏目旨在促进中国卫生政策和体系科学（HPSS）的研究人员与关注 HPSS
研究领域的国际期刊主编之间的对话交流。Richard Rothenberg 博士是《流行病学年报》的总编，他讲述了
《流行病学年报》的发展历史和期刊的关注范围，并就研究课题的选择、研究方法的使用等方面提出了对中国
卫生政策和体系科学研究人员的评论和建议（当然，其他领域的研究者也会从中受益匪浅！）。他在结束时告
诉中国研究者——“我们欢迎来自中国的相关全球卫生的文章”。 
 
研究动态栏目提供了对 8 篇近期学术文章的总结，涉及领域包括：减少艾滋病毒感染者的耻辱感研究、中国农
村降血压药物全面覆盖、社区卫生中心高血压控制干预的成本效益分析、计划生育和性别比例研究、医疗领域
的专业人才来源、中国医疗资源利用不公平、中国男男同性恋艾滋病毒携带者危险性行为的行为学和分子学研
究、以及新农合对 45 岁以上人群对医疗服务利用的影响。 
 
政策与新闻栏目提供了包括医疗卫生改革、医院改革、药品监督管理、中国医疗领域的五年计划、基础医疗、
以及医药市场等 7 个方面的最新消息。 
 
在 CHPAM 之声栏目，我们向您介绍来自美国预防医学工作小组的项目研究员彭屹楠博士。您还可以看到 Guo 
Peixuan 教授的近期工作和学术活动信息。 
 
快讯栏目提供了哈佛大学和中山大学的就业机会信息。另外，请关注期刊编辑对专访栏目的问题征集公告，以
及 CHPAMS 最佳论文奖的提交通知（截止日期：2013 年 4 月 30 日）。 
 
阅读愉快！ 
  
2 
 


Editorial Introduction

Qu, Shuli

11 
 
INTERVIEW WITH DR. GUOQING HU (PROFESSOR, CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY) 
胡国清博士（中南大学教授）访谈 
 
By Shuli Qu 
曲姝丽 
 
Dr. Guoqing Hu is a Professor and the Associated Chair of the Department of Epidemiology and 
Health Statistics at the School of Public Health, Central South University. Dr. Hu’s research interests 
focus on injury prevention and public health emergency response. He serves as an editorial board 
member of Injury Prevention and Injury Medicine (electronic version), and referee for several 
international public health journals. Dr. Hu published over 50 peer-reviewed articles, and wrote or 
edited 12 books. 
胡国清博士、中南大学公共卫生学院教授、流行病与卫生统计学系副主任，主要研究方向为伤害预防和突发公
共卫生事件应对，现担任《Injury Prevention》和《伤害医学（电子版）》 的杂志编委，多家国际公共卫生
期刊的审稿人，以第 1 作者或通讯作者身份发表学术论文 50 余篇，参与 12 部学术著作的编写。 
 
Shuli Qu is an ORISE health economics research fellow. 
曲姝丽是 ORISE 卫生经济学方向研究人员。 
 
Shuli: Could you please tell us about your educational background, your research interests and 
describe your research proposal for the CMB OC grant application? How did you become 
interested in your focus area? 
曲姝丽：请谈谈您的教育背景，研究兴趣和 CMB 公开竞标项目申请的研究课题。您是如何对您的研究方向产
生兴趣的？ 
 
Dr. HU:  I studied Public Health from 1994 to 1999 as an undergraduate at Xiangya School of 
Medicine (the former Hunan Medical College), Central South University. I received my Master’s 
and PhD degrees in Epidemiology and Health Statistics in 2002 and 2006 respectively. In 2007, I 
had an opportunity to visit and study at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 
working with Professor Susan P. Baker and Professor Timothy D. Baker for a one-year postdoctoral 
training. During that time, I systematically studied injury prevention and began considering how 
to apply what I learned in the Chinese context. Given the huge burden of injury in China and 
that China is lagging far behind the world in injury prevention, I decided to focus my research in 
this area, even though it is very difficult to get funding in China for injury prevention research. The 
purpose of this CMB OC research proposal is to develop visual aids for children in the rural area 
in order to prevent road traffic injuries, because road safety in the rural area is still very 
underdeveloped compared to that in urban areas.  
胡国清：我在 1994-1999 年间于中南大学湘雅医学院（前湖南医科大学）完成公共卫生的本科学习。稍后，
我分别于 2002年和2006 年在中南大学湘雅医学院获得流行病与卫生统计学专业的硕士和博士学位。2007
年，我幸运地得到了在美国约翰霍普金斯布隆伯格公共卫生学院 1 年的博士后培训机会，Susan  P. Baker
教授和 Timothy D. Baker 教授是我的指导老师。在那期间，我系统学习了伤害预防知识和技能，并开始思
考如何将所学知识应用于中国。伤害在中国造成了沉重的疾病负担，但中国的伤害预防工作非常落后，所
以尽管在中国做伤害预防的研究很难拿到资助，我仍将大量研究精力集中在伤害预防上。由于农村对于道
路安全的建设远落后于城市地区，我这次所申报的 CMB OC 标书主要目的是开发一个面向农村儿童的视觉
支持干预，以促进农村的道路交通安全的发展。 
 
Shuli: What are the main obstacles in preparing the proposal? What did you learn from this 
experience? How do you think it will affect your future academic career? 
12 
 
曲姝丽：您在准备申请的过程中最大的障碍是什么？您从这次经验中学到了什么？您认为对您未来的学术事业
有怎样的影响？ 
 
Dr. HU: The greatest challenge I had in preparing the proposal was to develop a rigorous research 
design in order to implement the research idea and test the relevant hypotheses. Although I 
teach Medical Statistics in school, my training is not sufficient for the project. Unfortunately I was 
not able to recruit a biostatistician to join my team. Nevertheless, this experience is very helpful 
for my future participation in other international and domestic grant application. In the future, I 
will establish a long-term collaborative relationship with a biostatistician to support my injury 
prevention research.  
胡国清：在本次标书撰写过程中，我面临的最大困难是做一个严格的设计，以实现我的研究想法，并检验研究
假设。尽管我本人在学校里教医学统计学课程，但我接受的培训并不能满足这个课题的实际需要，遗憾的
是我未能邀请一名生物统计学家加入项目组。不过这次的经验对我未来参与其他国际/国内的项目申请非常
有帮助。今后我将与一名生物统计学家建立长期合作关系，以支持我的伤害预防研究。  
 
Shuli: What are the implications of your project for health policy and systems science research in 
China? 
曲姝丽：您的研究项目对于中国卫生政策与体系科学有怎样的意义？ 
 
Dr. HU: The major application of my project is to provide a viable option to prevent child road traffic 
injury in rural areas where road safety measures are scanty. Compared to other effective 
environmental and engineering interventions, visual aids are more likely to be accepted by 
policymakers and are easier to implement in rural areas. Once visual aids are proven to be 
effective, they can be easily incorporated in the design of school uniforms, backpacks, hat, 
scarf, etc.  
胡国清：本项目的最大应用价值是为道路安全措施严重缺乏的农村地区提供一种预防儿童道路交通伤害的选择。
与其他已被证明有效的环境和工程干预方法相比，视觉支持干预更容易被决策者接受，更容易在农村地区
推广。一旦视觉支持干预被证明有效，它将很容易被应用于校服、书包、帽子、围巾等的设计。 
 
Shuli: How do you plan to disseminate your research findings and to prevent road traffic injuries 
among primary school students in rural west China? 
曲姝丽：您计划如何推广您的研究结果并在中国农村地区做好小学生道路交通伤害的预防工作？ 
Dr. HU: If the intervention is proven to be effective, I will submit a policy report to the Ministry of 
Education to promote the application of visual aids in preventing road traffic injuries among 
rural children. Further, I would like to develop an intervention with visual aids that are of 
standardized mode, style and size. I would also like to promote the use of visual aids in road 
traffic injury prevention via newspapers and the Internet in order to raise public awareness. 
胡国清：如果视觉支持干预被证明是有效的，我将向教育部写一个政策建议报告，以推动视觉支持干预在农村
儿童道路伤害预防中的应用，并进一步希望制定一个统一类型、款式和尺寸的视觉支持干预项目。另外，
我还准备在报纸和网络上介绍视觉支持干预对预防农村儿童道路交通伤害的作用，以推广公众接受视觉支
持干预措施。 
  


Interview with Dr. Guoqing Hu (Professor, Central South University)

Pan, Yi

Interview with Dr. Helena Wang, Asia Editor, The Lancet

Professor Hengjin Dong joined the Center for Health Policy and Management Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in July 2009. Prior to that, he was the lead of Junior Group of International Health Economics and Health Financing at Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University since 2006. He was a Senior Research Fellow at Brunel University (2004-2006) and Heidelberg University (2000-2004). He also had served 14 years at Fudan University Shanghai School of Public Health (formerly Shanghai Medical University) before he moved to Europe. His research focuses on health policy, health economics, healthcare financing, pharmaco-economics and health technology assessment. He has been an associate editor of BMC Health Services Research since 2012 and he is a member of the editorial board of Pharmacoeconomics. Ms. Yan Ding (PhD candidate) interviewed Professor Dong on April 24, 2013

Ding, Yan

Special Interview with Prof. Hengjin Dong, Associate Editor, BMC Health Services Research

Li, Jing

6 
 
INTERVIEW WITH DR. FENG XINGLIN  
冯星淋博士访谈 
 
By Jing Li 
李婧 
 
Dr. Xinglin Feng is an associate professor in the Department of Health Policy and Administration at 
School of Public Health, Peking University. He is the Principle Investigator of the CMB Open 
Competition-awarded research proposal titled “How does provider payment method 
enhance/mitigate the effects of demand side subsidies in reducing medical impoverishment for 
delivery care?” 
冯星淋博士是北京大学公共卫生学院卫生政策与管理学系副教授。他主持的研究项目“供方支付方式如何促进
／缓和需方补助在减轻住院分娩带来的贫困中发挥的作用”获得了 CMB 公开竞标项目的支持。 
 
Jing Li is a doctoral student in the Health Economics Track of Health Services and Policy Analysis 
program at University of California, Berkeley. 
李婧为加州伯克利大学卫生服务与政策分析专业卫生经济方向博士生。 
 
Jing: What are the most important considerations in the choice of research topic? 
李婧：您此次选择研究课题时最重要的考虑是什么？ 
 
Dr. FENG: First, The CMB Open Competition is highly competitive for young researchers. I believed I 
have to show my previous research experience as evidenced by my publication records. We did 
some research to understand the coverage of institutional delivery and maternal, child and 
neonatal mortality in China. We found that changes in hospital delivery could fully explain the 
trends in maternal mortality and accounted for 48-70% change in neonatal mortality in China. 
The national strategy in institutional delivery in China has been successful. In 1988, only less than 
half of all women gave birth in hospitals, yet twenty years later hospital births have become 
nearly universal. Meanwhile, using national data, Long et al. (2011) reported that institutional 
delivery care accounts for a substantial proportion of a poor household’s annual income. Based 
on these observations, we formulated our original idea to understand how households can 
afford the costs. I think this is the most important reason for choosing the topic. 
Second, to achieve universal coverage of health care, demand side subsidies have been widely 
promoted in China, for which the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) is a cornerstone. 
However, previous research findings on NCMS are mixed. For example, Wagstaff et al. (2009) 
reported that the NCMS have increased catastrophic spending, particularly among the poor. 
Zhang et al. (2010), on the other hand, found that the NCMS have promoted equity in health 
financing as poor inpatients can acquire more protection than the non-poor. We thought that 
there might be two reasons for the mixed findings in previous researches. Firstly, as 
methodological considerations, traditional economic analyses have focused on general uptake 
of inpatient or outpatient care, without qualifying the type or content of specific care received. 
Data have relied mostly on cross-sectional surveys where catastrophic expenditures have been 
measured using recalled expenditures and income. No study has investigated the actual 
consequences of catastrophic health expenditures on a family’s impoverishment over 
time.  Secondly, as health system considerations, former study designs considered the health 
system as a black box which limited the scope to inform policy by ignoring the interplay of 
dynamics of health system in the reform. It is widely acknowledged that incentives of Chinese 
health providers have long been distorted due to the retrospective fee-for-service (FFS) payment 
system. As a result, the poverty alleviating effects of government subsidies may be diluted or 
7 
 
even reversed.  China’s safe motherhood policy has a number of inherent characteristics that 
allow us to address the above limitations and therefore we choose this topic for the CMB OC. 
 
冯星淋: 首先，CMB 公开竞标项目在青年学者中的竞争是非常激烈的。我认为我需要用过去发表的文章来证
实我在这方面的工作基础。我们曾做过有关中国医院分娩保险和妇女儿童及新生儿死亡率的研究，结果发
现住院分娩率的变化能够完全解释妇女死亡率的变化，并能解释 48-70%的新生儿死亡率的变化。我国关于
住院分娩的国家政策是较为成功的：1988年，只有不到一半的妇女在医院分娩，而二十年后几乎所有的妇
女都在医院分娩。与此同时，Long et al. (2011) 报道了住院分娩费用在贫困家庭的年收入中占比很高。
依据这些发现，我们形成了关于了解家庭分娩费用负担的最初构想。这是我们选择这一课题最重要的原因。 
 
其次，为了实现全民医保，中国大力开展了需方补贴，新农合是一项标志性的政策。但是现有的关于新农
合的研究结论却并不一致。举例来说，Wagstaff et al. (2009) 发现新农合增加了家庭大病卫生支出，在贫
困家庭中尤其明显。Zhang et al. (2010) 却发现相对于非贫困家庭，新农合对贫困家庭对住院费用的保障
程度更高，起到了促进公平的作用。我们认为两方面的原因可能导致了这样不一致的研究结果。其一，从
研究方法的角度来说，既往的经济学研究只关注一般的住院或门诊服务，而不进一步细分卫生服务的种类
和内容。所采用的数据也多来源于横截面调查数据，家庭收入和卫生支出往往依靠调查对象回忆获得，以
此测量大病卫生支出的发生，而没有对卫生支出对家庭的长期影响进行追踪。其二，从卫生系统的角度来
说，以往的研究多数把卫生系统看作一个黑匣子，忽略了卫生改革过程中系统内部各因素的互动作用，这
样的研究对政策的贡献是有限的。中国目前按项目付费的制度为医疗服务者提供了扭曲的激励机制，因而
政府为缓解贫困提供的补助有可能事倍功半，甚至适得其反。中国住院分娩政策的诸多特点能够让我们弥
补这些过去研究中的不足，这也是我们选择这一课题的原因。 
 
Jing: What is the proposed empirical methodology used in this study? 
李婧: 研究采取的实证方法是什么？ 
 
Dr. FENG: This is basically a cohort study. Three counties varying in their payment arrangement for 
delivery care will be studied. Women are included in the cohort 42 days after delivery and 
followed up 9-12 months later to observe the impoverishing effect of delivery care.  
冯星淋: 我们的研究采用队列研究的设计。调查选取了三个对于住院分娩采取不同支付制度的县，调查对象是
42 天内在医院分娩的妇女。我们对其进行 9-12 月的跟踪调查，从而观察住院分娩的因病致贫情况。 
 
Jing: How the research results will impact health policy and systems sciences in China? 
李婧: 您认为研究结果对于中国卫生政策和系统科学有何影响？ 
 
Dr. FENG: Demand side subsidy is a major strategy in achieving universal coverage of health care. 
Firstly, by asking the “what” question, we want to find rigorous evidence on the impoverishing 
effect of delivery care giving substantial demand subsidies carried out in China. Further, by 
asking the “how” question, we want to understand how incentives induced by various payment 
arrangement affect providers’ behaviors and therefore the actual financial protection effects. 
We think the two questions are both important to informing evidence-based policy.  
冯星淋: 需方补贴是促进全民健保的重要手段。我们首先问的问题是“是什么”。在现有的需方补助政策下，
医院分娩对于贫困状况将产生什么影响？对此我们希望找到相对科学的证据。我们想问的另一个问题是
“为什么”。我们希望了解不同支付制度产生的激励机制如何影响医疗服务者的行为，并最终如何影响医
保的财务风险防范能力。我们认为这两个问题对医疗政策的制定十分重要。 
 
8 
 
Jing: What is your most important learning experience from the CMB OC grant application? How 
do you think it will affect your future academic career? 
李婧：您在此次 CMB 公开竞标项目申请过程中最重要的收获是什么？您觉得这对您未来的学术生涯有怎样的
影响？ 
 
Dr. FENG: The most important learning experience for me is to be persistent. We submitted the 
proposal for last year’s CMB OC application and were offered a chance for the full proposal 
competition. We were not funded last year. I almost gave up this topic this year. However, a 
senior professor asked me to revise and submit it again. Actually, this might be the first barrel of 
gold for me to win the OC, of which the direct impact is that I can somehow continue my 
previous research. I am deeply grateful for CMB’s support of the young generation of 
researchers in China to further their academic development. 
冯星淋: 我最重要的收获是坚持。去年的 CMB 公开竞标项目我们提交了申请，并且得到了提交完整研究计划
的机会，但最终没有通过。今年我几乎放弃了这一课题而转投其他的课题，但是一位资深教授让我重新修
改并提交原来的课题。事实上，能够继续我之前的研究也许是我赢得公开竞标项目所收获的第一桶金。我
非常感谢 CMB 对青年学者学术发展所提供的支持。 
  


Not a member yet