Technische Universität Dresden: Qucosa
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Multi-method monitoring of a failing rock face, Swiss Alps
No full textRockfall, a significant geomorphic process in cold-climate high mountains, is influenced by lithology and geological structure orientation. However, the impact of climate change on precipitation and temperature is anticipated to modify the frequency and scale of rockfall incidents. Rising temperatures lead to weakened ice-filled joints, contributing to the escalation of rockfall events. In the European Alps, permafrost degradation has been linked to a rise in rockfall incidents over the past three decades (FISCHER ET AL., 2011), posing a threat to nearby communities
Towards an automated workflow for assessing effects of forest disturbance on land surface temperature in low mountain ranges of Central Germany using GEE and the Landsat archive
No full textForests in Germany are under pressure due to drought stress and pest infestation, a trend which is projected to increase with global warming. In the spruce-dominated Southern Harz mountains in the German state of Thuringia, widespread forest disturbance caused defoliation and loss of forest cover. The same applies to other low mountain ranges in Central Germany
SfM method for underground corridors modelling – Kletno mine example
No full textLow light and narrow space underground environments such as: caves, mines and other man-made tunnels are generally considered as photogrammetry-unfriendly. However, high quality models of such low accessible object are valuable source of information concerning tectonic and mining data, excavation stability, speleothem development, and other depending on the specific case
Cliff overhang mapping on 3D point clouds with Cloud Com-pare
No full textCliff geometry holds strong clues for future instabilities. Whether rock fall, rock sliding or wedge failure, all three phenomena require an unbuttressed downslope escape. At present, Cloud Compare implements two complementary tools for mapping potential failure planes from 3D cliff point clouds : the automated tool Facets (Dewez et al., 2016) and the user-driven tool Compass (Thiele et al., 2017). Facets assumes that fractures possess a sizeable surface expression on which a best-fit plane will adjust. Compass helps map either fracture surfaces or fracture traces. Both tools help dealing with potential failure planes constraining the geometry of rock slidings and wedge failures
Assesment of Soil Degradation: Water Erosion under Systematic UAV Supervision
No full textThis contribution presents the principles of long-term monitoring of experimental sites in terms of accelerated soil degradation caused by water erosion. Within several different projects, agricultural land near the villages of Býkovice and Nučice in the Central Bohemian Region is monitored for a long time. Data on rainfall, temperature and soil moisture are monitored using meteorological stations on the defined soil plots
Kombination von Dampf und Natronlauge: Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Reinigungseffizienz
No full textZur Gewährleistung der Produktsicherheit und -qualität müssen Anlagen und Maschinen in der Lebensmittel-, Pharma- und Kosmetikindustrie regelmäßig gereinigt werden. Die dabei verwendeten Ressourcen und entstehenden Kosten sind Ziel vielfältiger Optimierungsansätze. Bei konventionellen nasschemischen Cleaning-in-Place Reinigungsprozessen kommt nur ein geringer Teil der Reinigungschemie in direkten Kontakt mit den Verschmutzungen und entfaltet die chemische Wirkung, wie z. B. beim Quellen der Verschmutzung. Alternativ kann in industriellen Anwendungen auch Dampf für die Reinigung geschlossener Systeme eingesetzt werden. Dadurch wird während der Quellphase eine lange Einwirkdauer bei gleichzeitig geringem Ressourceneinsatz erreicht und auch Sprühschattenbereiche werden benetzt.
Der Einsatz der chemischen Dampfapplikation wurde im Vergleich zu Wasserdampf und der vollständigen Benetzung mit Reinigungsflüssigkeit während der Quellphase untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass die Quellung in Flüssigkeitsbädern mit den untersuchten Verschmutzungen (Senf, Ketchup, Vanillepudding) zu einer schnelleren Zunahme der Schmutzschichtdicke gegenüber dem Einsatz von Dampf führte. Mit Blick auf die Ressourcen wurde eine > 100 fach höhere Effizienz für die Quellung mittels Dampfes festgestellt. In Reinigungsuntersuchungen zeigte sich, dass die Dampfapplikation eine näherungsweise gleiche Reinigungszeit wie von in Wasser vorgequollenen Verschmutzungen zur Folge hat. Die Quellung in Natronlaugebädern resultierte in geringeren Reinigungszeiten. Für die Dampfapplikation wurde in Reinigungsuntersuchungen eine doppelt so hohe
Ressourceneffizienz ermittelt
Nachhaltige Verpackungslösungen aus Paludikulturen – Potenzial, Herausforderungen und Wertschöpfung
No full textDie stetig wachsende Nachfrage nach nachhaltigen und umweltfreundlichen Verpackungslösungen hat in den letzten Jahren zu verstärkten Bemühungen der Industrie geführt, konventionelle Materialien durch neue Lösungen zu ersetzen. Ein zu beobachtender Trend ist der vermehrte Einsatz von Verpackungslösungen aus faserbasierten Materialien. Eine Ursache sind zunehmende regulatorische Initiativen wie bspw. die Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), die Single Use Plastic Directive (SUPD) der EU oder die Abgabe auf nicht recycelte Verpackungsabfälle aus Kunststoff, welche ab 2024 auch in Deutschland direkt auf die Unternehmen umgelegt wird. Hintergrund ist, dass die EU das Ziel verfolgt, bis 2030 die Netto-Treibhausgasemissionen um mindestens 55 % im Vergleich zu 1990 zu reduzieren. Des Weiteren zeigen verschiedene Studien, dass der Einsatz von faserbasierten Materialien in Verpackungen zu einer Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen führen kann. Gleichzeitig ist die Deutsche Papierindustrie abhängig vom Import, ca. 80 % des Primärzellstoffs werden, vorrangig aus Skandinavien und Südamerika, importiert. Eine alternative Rohstoffquelle für Papier und Verpackungen können zukünftig Paludikulturen sein
Dry Molded Fiber Technologie für die On-Farm-Produktion kompostierbarer Verpackungen aus Agrarreststoffen
No full textDer Vortrag beschreibt die Entwicklungsschritte eines neuen trockenen Pressformverfahrens für die Herstellung von Verpackungsschalen aus faserhaltigen landwirtschaftlichen Reststoffen. Durch die Entwicklung spezieller Werkzeugkonfigurationen konnte eine energieeffiziente Formgebung realisiert werden, die eine Nutzung stoffeigener Bindekräfte ohne Zusatz von Bindemitteln erlaubt. Die Feuchtigkeitsregulierung vor und während des Umformprozesses hat dabei einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Formteile. Die entwickelte Technologie hat im Vergleich zum Fasergussprozess einen wesentlich geringeren Wasser- und Energiebedarf. Die Eignung des Verfahrens für verschiedenste Fasermaterialen wurde nachgewiesen. Im nächsten Schritt ist die Integration der Technologie in die On-Farm Produktion von Verpackungen aus regional anfallenden Reststoffen in Kooperation mit Agrarerzeugern geplant
Completing the view - histologic insights from circular AAA specimen including 3D imaging: a methodologic approach towards histologic analysis of circumferential AAA samples
No full textAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathologic enlargement of the infrarenal aorta with an associated risk of rupture. However, the responsible mechanisms are only partially understood. Based on murine and human samples, a heterogeneous distribution of characteristic pathologic features across the aneurysm circumference is expected. Yet, complete histologic workup of the aneurysm sac is scarcely reported. Here, samples from five AAAs covering the complete circumference partially as aortic rings are investigated by histologic means (HE, EvG, immunohistochemistry) and a new method embedding the complete ring. Additionally, two different methods of serial histologic section alignment are applied to create a 3D view. The typical histopathologic features of AAA, elastic fiber degradation, matrix remodeling with collagen deposition, calcification, inflammatory cell infiltration and thrombus coverage were distributed without recognizable pattern across the aneurysm sac in all five patients. Analysis of digitally scanned entire aortic rings facilitates the visualization of these observations. Immunohistochemistry is feasible in such specimen, however, tricky due to tissue disintegration. 3D image stacks were created using open-source and non-generic software correcting for non-rigid warping between consecutive sections. Secondly, 3D image viewers allowed visualization of in-depth changes of the investigated pathologic hallmarks. In conclusion, this exploratory descriptive study demonstrates a heterogeneous histomorphology around the AAA circumference. Warranting an increased sample size, these results might need to be considered in future mechanistic research, especially in reference to intraluminal thrombus coverage. 3D histology of such circular specimen could be a valuable visualization tool for further analysis
The Social Dimension of Sustainability in Agri-food Systems
No full textAgriculture plays a dual role in the global sustainability discourse, serving as the primary source of food for human consumption while also being a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation. The scientific debate increasingly emphasizes the need to balance the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of agri-food systems, taking spatial and temporal factors into account. While environmental sustainability (e.g., GHG emission reductions) and economic viability (e.g., profitability and efficiency) are well-established in research and policy discussions, social sustainability remains underexplored and often considered secondary. This thesis aims to bridge this gap by addressing the question: How can social sustainability be systematically assessed and achieved in agri-food systems?
Effectively achieving social sustainability within the context of resource scarcity is arguably the most intricate aspect of the broader sustainability paradigm. This complexity arises not only from the inherently abstract nature of social constructs and the diverse, often subjective, indicators that define social well-being but also from the prevailing urgency associated with addressing environmental sustainability challenges. This urgency often overshadows social considerations, relegating them to a secondary priority despite their critical importance. This dissertation refocuses the debate on social sustainability, seeking to advance its systematic assessment and explore the causal mechanisms and enabling factors behind its achievement. It focuses on identifying pathways to realize social sustainability in agri-food systems while balancing environmental and economic goals—ensuring environmental protection and economic welfare do not come at the cost of equity or human livelihoods.
This dissertation employs a structured, three-pronged approach to advance the understanding of social sustainability in agri-food systems. It consists of (i) a systematic literature review, (ii) an empirical analysis using statistical modelling, and (iii) an empirical analysis based on case study research. As a result, the dissertation first identifies a comprehensive set of social sustainability indicators and develops analytical frameworks for their selection and application in empirical research. Second, nexus thinking is applied to demonstrate that key social sustainability outcomes, such as food security, depend not only on optimal resource management (e.g., land use) but also on social factors, including tenure rights and effective governance. Third, the dissertation identifies two key enablers of social sustainability in agricultural interventions: (1) cultural alignment with the local context and (2) a holistic design that integrates training, infrastructure, and pre-financing mechanisms. Together, these contributions enhance our understanding of how to systematically assess and achieve social sustainability in agri-food systems. They also lay the groundwork for incorporating social sustainability factors—including food security, governance, institutions, and cultural aspects—into the conceptualization of an optimal resource nexus within agri-food systems.:Summary
Acknowledgements
Acronyms and Abbreviations
I. Framework paper
1. Introduction
1.1 Problem statement
1.2 Approaching the problem
2. Research objectives and questions
3. Methodology
3.1 Systematic Literature Review
3.2 Empirical analyses
3.3 Scale of analysis and additional contributions
4. Results
4.1 Paper 1: Systematising social sustainability indicators
4.2 Paper 2: Social sustainability at national level
4.3 Paper 3: Social sustainability at community level
5. Discussion & future research
6. Conclusion
References
II. Published research paper