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The Sixth "P" – Politics
No full textInvitational theory presents the concept of invitations as related to five factors: people, places, policies,programs, and processes (Purkey & Schmidt, 1990). In this article, I propose the addition of a sixth "P," politics.The assumption is that without addressing the political aspect of schools and school systems, success of theinvitational model with the other five dimensions is undermined or negated at best.In spite of reform movements of past and recent years the "deep structures of schooling," as Cuban (1990)described them, are unchanged. Schools remain characterized by balkanized divisions or departments (Hargreaves,1989). Students are taught subjects, failed and retained in grades, or passed and graduated with little empiricalsupport for either process. Likewise, students are "labelled, libeled, sorted and grouped" in contradiction to thefindings of educational research (Purkey & Novak, 1984). Why, in spite of a plethora of change efforts over theyears, are schools fundamentally the same as they used to be
Critical Imagination for Invitational Theory, Research and Practice
No full textThe idea of "inviting school success" began and developed through critical and imaginative acts. Dissatisfaction with conceptualizations of school practices that negated the heart of the educative process, led to the development of an alternative framework that was more sensitive to the perceptual realities and ethical responsibilities of participants in the educative process. Imaginative invitational thinkers asked such questions as: What if we used a metaphor of "doing with" rather than "doing to" as a framework for looking at the teacher- student relationship? What if we focused on the invitational qualities of the messages intended, extended, received, and acted upon in school settings? What if we tried to make schools "the most inviting place in town?" What if we formed a network of educators who were sympathetic to these ideas? With this imaginative inception, texts have been written (Novak, 1992; Purkey, 1978; Purkey & Novak, 1984; Purkey & Strahan, 1986; Purkey & Schmidt, 1987; Purkey & Novak, 1988; Purkey & Stanley, 1991; Wilson, 1986), an International Alliance for Invitational Education has been formed, and a conceptual model (Purkey and Schmidt, 1987) has been developed. Thus, educators seeking to promote inviting practices have ample resources
Invitations, Development, and Freedom: A Personal Perspective
No full textThe Latin root of the word education means to "draw out" or to "call forth." In the introduction to The Dialectic of Freedom, Maxine Greene (1988) stated that she sought an audience of "those who educate with untapped possibility in mind" (p. xii). To educate in this manner it is necessary to open up the space that exists between the dialectic of the actual and the possible. One must call forth the possible and draw out the relatively untapped potential existing in each individual
Problem Based Learning: A Medically Based Ally of Invitational Education
No full textA lady walked into her husband\u27s hospital room and saw him lying amidst an incredible array of tubes attached to an equally complicated conglomeration of bottles. Doctors and nurses were whirling around the room doing tasks smoothly but hurriedly as if there was no time to lose. She stood silently as her stomach lurched with indescribable fear that she had to restrain in order not to upset her spouse. She was an emotional cauldron
Trust: An Exploration of Its Nature and Significance
No full textThe word trust has been active in the language of lay persons and helping professionals throughout written history. Although it is a vital and essential ingredient in living, trust has not been a lucid and tangible concept. As people become more interdependent and as North American society continues to experience the pressures of population growth, economic problems, high divorce and crime rates, corruption in business and politics, and other deepening concerns, helping professionals will be compelled to develop a better understanding of trust and its importance to modern living
Six Elements of Diversity: Teacher Candidate Perceptions after Engaging Native American Students
No full textTeacher education servers an important role in preparing teacher candidates to engage with diverse student populations. This study supports a need for candidates to practice Invitational Theory and Practice when teaching students from diverse backgrounds. To assess candidate growth, we used Schmidt\u27s (2007) Six Elements to Diversity as a lens for evaluating 38 candidates\u27 reflections after interacting with Native American students in a diversity workshop at a Mid-Western University. The findings reveal that the Six Elements of Diversity were present throughout the reflections with some elements more evident than others; the analysis points to strength and weakness in candidate preparation
The Inviting School Survey–Revised (ISS-R): A Survey for Measuring the Invitational Qualities (I.Q.) of the Total School Climate
No full textThis article describes the revised Inviting School Survey (ISS-R) which is a 50-item checklist based on the 100-item Inviting School Survey (Purkey & Schmidt,1990, Purkey & Fuller, 1995). Both the original ISS and the ISS-R are designedfor use by Grade Four students and above, teachers, school administrators andothers associated with the school, such as counselors, psychologists, and socialworkers. The ISS-R, by being half the length of the original, is easier toadminister as well as less time consuming, yet provides the same psychometricproperties as the original
Inviting E-Learning: How Hard Can It Be?
No full textFrom an Invitational Education perspective, e-learning will onlysucceed as an educative environment if educators are able to providean e-learning environment that preserves dignity and encouragescommunication. The converse: using an online environment to “throwinformation” at students has the opposite effect; it is experienced asdeeply disinviting.This article identifies some of the more common disinviting practicescurrently being experienced by learners who are new to an e-learningenvironment. It also examines practical ways in which e-learningeducators can make the online environment more invitation
Invitational Leadership: Does It Make a Difference?
No full textThis study investigated the relationship between professionally andpersonally inviting behaviors of high school principals in the state ofMississippi and: (a) Teacher Job Satisfaction, (b) Principal Effectiveness,(c) Principal as an Agent of School Improvement, and (d)Principal’s Invitational Quotient, and (e) The Computed AccreditationPerformance Index of their respective school district. The foundationfor this study evolved as an extension of earlier research (Asbill, 1994)that examined the value of Invitational Education Theory (IET) as aworkable theory for educational leaders in the school setting
Editorial: Off and Running
No full textWe are at the starting gate and ready to run with the 16th Annual Conference for the International Alliance for Invitational Education. “Inspiriting Education Start to Finish,” the conference will be held at the Hyatt Regency Lexington in Lexington, Kentucky October 15-18. The conference promises interesting and provocative programs with an outstanding array of speakers. If this issue of the JITP makes it out of the starting gate on time, the can serve as a last minute reminder to come and join with and share with your colleagues in Lexington. This issue of the JITP offers an assortment of topics quite relevant to invitational education. David and Cheryl Aspy’s article, “The Self According to Allan Bloom and Charles Reich” examines the concept of self outside the normal parameters of theoreticians with whom we are more familiar. Bloom and Reich make social observations of forces which help shape who we are and who we become. This seems particularly apt at a time when some are beginning to raise questions about the oversimplification of self-concept theory that is becoming increasingly prevalent in much of the popular press. You probably will not find many answers in this thought provoking article, but it will challenge your thinking