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Investigations into the Actions of Vasopressin Histamine, Isoproterenol, Phentolamine, Phenylephrine, and Propronalol on Flow Through Perfused Rat Livers
No full text197 leaves. Advisor: Harold D. SwansonThe problem. The experiments were intended to
elucidate any intrahepatic actions of the drugs employed as presinusoidal or postsinusoidal and to identify any antagonism of the drugs to others.
Procedure. Livers were excised and perfused at a
constant rate through the portal vein with different drugs and at different concentrations. Absolute pressure and change of weight were recorded continuously.
Findings. No consistent effects were found with
the methods employed. Several factors were not important to this lack of action and several others appear possibly important.
Recommendations. Further investigation should be
undertaken to identify a procedure that will show actions for those drugs and oxytocin. Once a procedure is identified, any actions of the drugs should be characterized as pre- or postsinusoidal, and the adrenergic agonists, histamine, and vasopressin should be tested for antagonism
of each other. Dog livers as well as rat livers and healthy as well as cirrhotic livers should be tested because they would provide important data to compare with other research
Adequacy of Training of Iowa Principals for Administration of Negotiated Contracts
Get PDF63 leaves. Advisor: Dr. Ricahrd LampshireThe problem. Since Iowa has a relatively new collective bargaining law, are principals adequately trained to implement master contracts negotiated under this law?
Procedure. Literature was reviewed to determine training needed for contract administration. Principals were interviewed concerning their administrative training and experience as well as their opinions on training for contract administration. A comparison was made between the training deemed necessary in the literature and the training principals indicated was necessary. Courses of study and course descriptions for principal preparation programs offered by the four educational administration training institutions in Iowa were used to determine available training in contract administration. This information was
also compared to training requirements.
Findings. Limited training is presently available which deals directly with oontract administration although interviewed principals felt such training was essential. Most training principals now possess was found to have been by a trial and error process.
Conclusions: If principals are expected to possess necessary levels of competence in contract administration, training must be available.
Recommendations: All principal preparation programs should include a course in collective bargaining. Also, workshops and seminars dealing with current trends in contract administration
should be offered. Universities and principal
associations should jointly plan such activities using practitioners as resource persons
Singlet Oxygen Generation Via Irradiation of 4-Benzylamino-7-Nitrobenz-2-Oxa-1, 3-Diazole
No full text84 leaves. Advisor: Lawrence E. BrownThis study was undertaken to determine whether
4-benzylamino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-l,3-diazole (BBD) generates the first excited singlet state of molecular oxygen in liquid solution. The problem was first approached using the sensitized photooxidation method of singlet oxygen
detection with 1, 3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) as acceptor. A reaction between BBD and the acceptor rendered this method of singlet oxygen detection useless.
In a second approach, the rate of light-induced
oxygen consumption for solutions having various components was measured. The results showed that for a given monoolefin acceptor the solutions with BBD as sensitizer consumed oxygen about 25 times slower than solutions containing the known singlet oxygen sensitizer rose bengal. This suggests that either BBD does not generate singlet oxygen or that it does so about 25 times less efficiently than rose bengal. Both possibilities are discussed.
Further insight into the photochemical reaction of
BBD and CHD was obtained by carrying out a quantity preparation of this reaction. Two major products were isolated by tlc. Evidence for a (4s + 4s) photochemically allowed cycloaddition
reaction was obtained leading to hypothesized
structures for the two products
Government Aid to Private Church-Related Colleges in Iowa and its Relationship to Financing
No full text124 leaves. Advisor: Dr. Charles RowleyThe problem. During the past quarter-century, federal and state funds have been made available to private colleges. many of which
are church-related. The problem studied was: the historical and legal basis on which governmental funds can be used to aid church-related colleges in light of the doctrine of separation of church and state, the amount of funds received from federal construction loans and grants and from the Iowa Tuition Grant program, and the relationship these funds
had to financing in five selected Iowa church-related colleges.
Procedure. A review of literature was made regarding the historical and philosophical rationale for government involvement in
education including a study of Supreme Court decisions establishing a basis on which public funds could be used to support church-related institutions. Five Iowa church-related colleges were selected from which data were collected through survey sheets, questionnaires, and direct interviews. Data requested included information concerning federal construction loans and grants for physical plant improvement between the years 1951 and 1976 and information regarding direct student aid received as a result of the Iowa Tuition Grant Program.
Findings. Historically, both the state and federal governments have been deeply involved in aid to higher education. Guidelines established by the Supreme Court have permitted financial aid to flow to
private church-related colleges as well as to the tax supported public institutions. The data indicated the following: 1. Four of the five colleges in this study had elected to participate in federal programs involving construction grants and loans.
2. Between 1951 and 1976, 39 buildings had been constructed, remodeled, or improved with the use of federal funds on four of the
five college campuses in the study.
3. Out of a total expenditure of 14,033,508) came from federal construction grants or loans.
4. All five colleges participated in the Iowa Tuition Grant program.
5. During the eight years since the Iowa Tuition Grant Program was initiated, 10,241 students enrolled in the five selected colleges received Iowa Tuition Grants.
6. Between 1969 and 1976 the five colleges in this study received 14,000,000 as a result of federal aid.
3. The Iowa Tuition Grant program supported the five selected private institutions by making available a steadily increasing amount of funds for the operation of the colleges. For the last year in this study, 1976, the totals ranged between 3.4 per cent and 18.0 per cent of the total operating budgets.
Recommendations.
1. It is recommended that federal and state assistance to private church-related colleges be continued in some form.
2. Further study should be made that would investigate the advantages of private church-related education and whether the dual system
should be preserved.
3. Further study is needed to determine whether the receipt of federal construction grants and loans, with accompanying use restrictions affected the colleges in terms of what was taught and how it was taught.
4. Research is needed to determine if federally financed construction affected student enrollment and college selection
Developing Correspondence Between the Verbal and Actual Behavior of Staff Members and Changing their Actual Behavior by Manipulating Their Verbal Behavior
Get PDF23 leaves. Advisor: Margaret E. LloydThe problem. This study investigated chanqinq
hospital staff's frequency of actual interactions with residents by manipulating the staff's planning estimate of interactions.
Procedure. In a hospital for the developmentally
handicapped, the interactions between two staff and four residents were coded by a supervisor as following appropriate, inappropriate, or neutral resident behavior. The staff gave the supervisor planning and reporting estimates of their interactions which followed appropriate resident
behavior. After Baseline, the supervisor's approval was given at different times for high or low planninq or correspondence between hiqh planning and actual behavior.
Findings. The data from this study indicated that
a change in the frequency of actual interactions could be made by manipulatinq the planning estimate alone, but only after correspondence had been established between the frequencies of actual interactions and the planning estimates.
Conclusions. After developing correspondence between verbal and actual behaviors, the staff's actual behavior can be changed by manipulating their verbal behavior.
Recommendations. Supervisors in hospitals for the
developmentally handicapped might establish procedures to develop correspondence between the staff's verbal and actual behaviors so that, after training, changes in actual behavior could be produced by altering planning behavior
The Effects of Solicited Attention on Permanent Product Academic Measures
No full text24 leaves. Advisor: Dr. Margaret LloydThe Problem: Changing teacher behavior to deliver attention to students can be difficult and time consuming for both the therapist and teacher. A more efficient approach to obtaining improvement
are necessary to measures on permanent product academic measures may be to reinforce students for soliciting teacher attention for their good work.
Procedures: Students were delivered a tangible item contingent upon soliciting their teacher's praise for work on reading skills assignments. The number of solicitations for praise was recorded in both reading and math periods. A percent correct score was obtained for each reading assignment and compared to the scores of a reference group.
Findings: The children solicited their teacher's praise for reading and math assignments. Three of the four subject children improved on reading assignments as compared to the reference group.
Conclusions: It is possible to use a tangible reinforcer to introduce students to natural contingencies that will subsequently maintain soliciting behaviors.
Recommendations: This study has lent support to the hypothesis that solicited teacher attention can serve as a reinforcer, but further investigations are necessary to conclusively establish the effects on permanent product academic measures
Reading Interest Congruence Between High Interest/Low Level Published Materials and Reading Interests of Students in an Alternative Junior High School
No full text53 leaves. Advisor: William R. AbellProblem. The purpose of this study was to determine if the content of high interest/low level published reading materials were congruent with the topical reading interests of the students enrolled in an alternative school.
Procedure. To determine the reading interests, an
inventory was administered. Data were tabulated for population on a percentage table. Data reqarding the topical reading interests of four high interest/low level published reading series were gathered. Results of this evaluation were tabulated on a percentage table. Comparison of the
two tables disclosed the congruence and lack of congruence between the students' expressed reading interests and the reading interest content of the text. Analysis of the data was presented in the form of textular discussion.
Findings. It was found that the content of each
series was not 100 percent congruent with each of the top ten reading interests of the students. It was found that when the four series were combined congruence did exist.
Conclusions. It was concluded that a single high
interest/low level reading series will not satisfy all of the reading interest needs of a similar group of students.
Recommendations. It is recommended that in classes
of similar kinds, multiple high interest/low level reading series be used
The Child in Residential Treatment: A Follow-Up Study
Get PDF146 leaves. Advisor: Stuart TiedemanThe Problem. The problem of this study was to
determine whether certain variables relating to the child requiring placement in a residential treatment center were associated with the child's eventual positive or negative adaptation within the community. Such variables consisted of preadmission characteristics, selected activities
during residential treatment and the discharge phase. The Health and Sickness Scale (HSS) was used at point of discharge to predict eventual adaptation. The selected variables were compared with the nature of the child's adaptation, either positive or negative, at the time of follow-up.
Procedure. A total of 199 youths had been placed in the Orchard Place programs since its inception in 1965. Of these, 138 could be located and were included in this study. Two judges reviewed the casefiles of each youth and recorded data pertaining to age at admission, number of preadmission foster home placements, whether the child had received any group care placements prior to the Orchard Place admission, whether the child was living with parent(s) prior to admission, the actual length of the residential care received, the frequency of parental contact during the child's residential treatment and the disposition of the case at point of discharge. Additionally, the Health Sickness Scale (HSS) was used by the judges at point of the child's discharge to measure the outcome of the treatment experience. Contact was then made with the former subject or with relatives or social agencies requesting participation in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect responses from participants regarding the subject's adaptation to the community since the time the subject was discharged from Orchard Place. Each subject was evaluated as either positive adaptation (+) or negative adaptation (-) depending upon selected criteria. The responses on adaptation were compared with each of the hypotheses of the study and Chi-Square tests were applied to test at (p <. 05) for independence of each hypotheses. The structured questionnaire additionally included other questions including such items as school adjustment and current grade placement, if any, highest educational level attained, church affiliation, friendships, overall current
adjustment status, and involvement in psychiatric outpatient counseling. An attempt was also made to assess when a negative adaptation occurred from point of Orchard Place discharge.
Findings. The results of the study indicated
that of the seven hypotheses three were statistically significant with adaptation: preadmission group care with adaptation (p <.001), whether the subject was with parents(s) prior to admission (p <.001) and disposition at discharge
(p <.001). No statistically significant relationship was found for length of care, frequency of family involvement, age at admission and preadmission foster family care. The
HSS was found significant with adaptation (p <.001). In terms of educational questions it was found that those rated at (+) adaptations tended to do better in school, attain higher levels of educational achievement and if in school, fewer of the (+) group were found to be in special educational programs. Adaptation with church
attendance (p <.05) and friendships (p <.01) were found to be significant. Overall or global assessment of the subjects' current status was significant with adaptation at (p <.001). Involvement with further outpatient psychiatric counseling was not significant with adaptation.
Another finding was that of those who were evaluated as manifesting (-) adaptations about 45% occurred within the first three months following the discharge.
Conclusions. The preadmission experiences of the
children apparently hold much significance for eventual adaptation. The HSS was found to be useful in this study and has application for assessing adaptation if used at point of subject discharge. Returning the child home following treatment was a significant factor in long range
adaptation. An (+) adaptation rate of 69.34% was computed for the target group and those who were evaluated as (-) adaptations may represent a special population group who require intensive services.
Recommendations. Further effort must be made by the agency to assess and meet the needs of troubled youths who are found in residential programs. Of particular import is the time soon after discharge when attention needs to be given to the process of re-entry into the community and family. Consideration should be given to expanding use of the HSS as part of future assessment efforts and further attention should be focused on what were the essential factors in assisting the (+) group to successfully adapt to the community following the residential experience
The Effect of Feedback on Residential Electrical Peaking and Hourly Kilowatt Consumption
Get PDF37 leaves. Advisor: Kenneth E. LloydThe problem. Electricity consumption research has
primarily investigated procedures designed to decrease overall kilowatt hour (KWH) consumption. Only one study has reported the effects of a procedure on the pattern of electricity consumption. The present study assessed the
effects of feedback on KWH consumption and the consumption pattern.
Procedure. The present study compared the effects
of a feedback light and buzzer, which signalled high consumption in any 15 min period of the day, with an initial and final baseline period where no feedback was given. Three volunteer families served as subjects. Five measures of overall consumption were used.
Findings. Each consumption measure decreased during Feedback for all families. When feedback was withdrawn in the final Baseline period for two families, all measures from one family and one measure from the other family returned to the initial Baseline levels. The consumption
pattern during Feedback remained unchanged in one family and changed in another family when compared to Baseline.
Conclusions. Feedback can decrease overall KWH consumption and change the consumption pattern.
Recommendations. Further research could assess the
effects of other procedures on electricity consumption and identify other kinds of changes in the consumption pattern
The Historical Development Of Hoyt Middle School In Des Moines, Iowa In Terms Of Curriculum Programming
Get PDF46 leaves. Advisor: Richard H. LampshireThe problem. The problem was to trace and analyze
the development of Hoyt Middle School since it first opened in the 1972-73 school year. The development of such a school is significant to traditional educators because it is a change from the traditional junior high to a middle
school organization. This change in organization could provide a more meaningful program for the pre-adolescent.
Procedure. Problem solving was to be accomplished
through the identification of the purposes for the development of Hoyt and then show how through the planning, design and implementation stages these purposes were achieved or not achieved.
Conclusions. The identification of the purposes
for Hoyt Middle School are identified in this field report. The evaluation process that was initiated by the Hoyt staff indicates that some of these purposes were achieved and others were not achieved. Hoyt Middle School dealt with: setting up guidelines, writing a philosophy, stating
team goals and implementing them, determining initial organizational plans and modifying them. These activities were achieved but they were limited in scope. There is a need to increase the emphasis on evaluation of team and individual performance, and to include follow-up activities
which are directed toward improving instruction where the evaluation indicates a need. A plan was set up for the evaluation of cognitive development in the basic skills. However, the evaluation plan does not cover the student progress in the affective domain, other than personal opinion