1941 research outputs found
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Comparing venous to arterial base deficit during hemorrhage and resuscitation
No full textArterial base deficit is used in assessing trauma patient oxygen debt, life saving intervention requirements, resuscitation adequacy, and mortality risk. Venous blood samples are simpler and less painful to obtain than arterial samples. Theoretically, venous base deficit values might substitute for arterial values. Methods: 8 anesthetized, ventilated dogs were hemorrhaged (H, 90min mean arterial pressure [MAP]=35-40mmHg or MAP10min or MAP1min), hypotensively stabilized (S, 120min enalaprilat 0.01mg/kg/hr + hemoglobin based oxygen carrier [HBOC] or 7.8% hypertonic saline dextran 70 [HSD] for MAP=40-45mmHg), resuscitated (60min lactated Ringer’s for MAP=75-80mmHg), monitored (60min no fluids), and euthanized. Arterial and venous base deficit were measured every 30 minutes using the clinical laboratory and a point of care device. Results: Almost all venous base deficit values were larger than matched arterial values. The smallest arterial to venous differences detected with the two different measurement methods matched. Conclusions: When systemic blood flow is high, venous base deficit can be used in lieu of arterial. When blood flow is low, venous base deficit values do not reflect arterial values.IA Space Grant Consortium, Eagle
Hubble space telescope imaging of seyfert galaxies
No full textRecent searches for massive black holes in galactic nuclei show that they are common if not ubiquitous. Furthermore, there are important relationships between black hole mass and properties characterizing the size and gravitational potential of the host galaxy bulge. To investigate these relationships we have begun an analysis of the bulges of Seyfert galaxies, a class of active galactic nucleus (AGN) in which gravitational energy is released through accretion onto the black hole, resulting in a luminous central source. Results for Seyfert galaxies in terms of their surface brightness profiles, overall luminosities and will be compared to those of normal galaxies. The goal is to further understand the process by which material is funneled to the galaxy centers, ultimately serving as a source of fuel for the active nucleus
Evaluating comprehension of written pharmacy materials: Preliminary experience with the Cloze procedure
No full textObjective: The objective of this research was to assess reading comprehension of a pharmacy-related educational pamphlet using the cloze procedure in subjects expected to exhibit a wide range of health literacy proficiency. Methods: The cloze procedure, a technique for assessing reading comprehension, was applied to an educational pamphlet describing safe medication practices written at the seventh grade level. Sixty subjects were recruited from a university community and affiliated adult literacy center. Consenting subjects were asked to complete a background interview, the Very Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (VS-TOFHLA) and the newly developed, pharmacy-relevant comprehension assessment. Subject performance on the VS-TOFHLA and newly developed pharmacy-relevant comprehension assessment were described and compared to assess reliability and validity. Results: A final sample of 52 subjects was analyzed. Mean age of the sample was 46.3 years (sd=12.9 years). Respondents were predominantly white (88%), female (83%) and college graduates (73%). The mean score on the VS-TOFHLA was 95.4% with all but one (2%) of the subjects demonstrating adequate functional health literacy. The mean score on the pharmacy-relevant comprehension assessment was 57.9%. Internal consistencies of the VS-TOFHLA and the pharmacy-relevant comprehension assessment were 0.95 and 0.91 respectively. Scores on the pharmacy-relevant comprehension assessment and the VS-TOFHLA were highly correlated (r=0.72, p<0.0001). Performance on the pharmacy-relevant comprehension assessment indicated approximately 57% of respondents with some college or less would need supplemental teaching about the pharmacy-relevant passage or would find it unsuitable for adequate understanding. Approximately 24% of the college graduates would need supplemental teaching. Conclusions: There is a lack of tools that can be used to assess patient comprehension of pharmacy-relevant information. This study indicates promise for using the cloze procedure for assessing patient comprehension of pharmacy-relevant educational materials
The Faber-Jackson relation in Seyfert galaxies
No full textSeyfert galaxies, in which accretion onto a massive nuclear black hole acts as a powerful energy source, allegedly have bulges more luminous per unit mass than those in normal galaxies. We have tested this claim through the application of well-known correlations to Hubble Space Telescope images of 26 Seyfert 2 galaxies. One-dimensional and two-dimensional luminosity decomposition was performed to obtain bulge luminosities for each galaxy. The one-dimensional technique is simpler to implement, but it results in a loss of data and is more dependent on the empirical model chosen for the bulge. Accordingly, we utilized the one-dimensional fit parameters as a basis for refined two-dimensional decomposition. We also constructed the Faber-Jackson relation, a correlation between bulge luminosity and velocity dispersion, a parameter which scales with the mass of the galactic bulge. By comparing the relation for our sample of Seyfert galaxies to that of normal galaxies, we explore the proposition that bulges in Seyfert galaxies tend to be more luminous
Gross tissue appearances following hemorrhage, low-pressure stabilization, and resuscitation
No full textIn a severe prolonged hemorrhage and resuscitation protocol, when do gross abnormalities become apparent? Hypothesis: Gross tissue abnormalities will be more obvious in those animals that survive longer. Methods: 8 anesthetized, ventilated dogs were hemorrhaged (H, 90min mean arterial pressure [MAP]=35-40mmHg or MAP10min or MAP1min), hypotensively stabilized (S, 120min enalaprilat 0.01mg/kg/hr + hemoglobin based oxygen carrier [HBOC] or 7.8% hypertonic saline dextran 70 [HSD] for MAP=40-45mmHg), resuscitated (60min lactated Ringer’s for MAP=75-80mmHg), monitored (60min no fluids), and euthanized. Every animal was necropsied, and the internal organs were examined for visible abnormalities. Results: There were 2 early non-survivors: 1 of 5 HBOC died 117min into S and 1 of 3 HSD died 9min into S. The rest survived to euthanasia (331min). No damage to the heart was visible in any animal. No lungs looked normal. On cross section, some of the renal cortices were much darker than normal, but this was not restricted to treatment group or non-survivors. Gastric, small and large intestinal mucosae were not normal in any animal, but the 2 early non-survivors were among those with the least abnormal intestines. Conclusions: Grossly visible changes in appearance occurred in most organs. Similar abnormalities in organ appearances (except possibly the intestines) in the 2 non-survivors versus survivors suggest that damage developed during hemorrhage rather than during resuscitation. This suggests that improvements in strategies for resuscitation from severe, prolonged hemorrhage should target repair of already damaged tissues in addition to prevention of additional tissue damage.Eagles, Iowa Space Grant Consortiu
"Why the US is not leaving Iraq"
Get PDFIsmael Hossein-zadeh is a professor of economics at Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. He is the author of the newly published book, The Political Economy of U.S. Militarism. His Web page is http://www.cbpa.drake.edu/hossein-zadehPowerful beneficiaries of war dividends, who are often indistinguishable from the policy makers who pushed for the invasion of Iraq, have been pocketing hundreds of billions of dollars by virtue of war. More than anything else, it is the pursuit and the safeguarding of those plentiful spoils of war that are keeping US troops in Iraq
Hierarchical routing using k-SPR
No full textThe goal of our research is to create an improved routing protocol for Ad-Hoc Wireless networking. We began our research by studying a protocol developed by two Drake students, Tiffany Meredith and Jennifer Ehrlich, which they named k-SPR, and that standard is based loosely on AODV standards. Our protocol was developed using their framework as a basis for our changes and additions. We want to develop a protocol that will pick routers such that those routers are more likely to experience a lot of traffic and also to make router selection a hierarchical process. The method we use to determine the traffic density of any given node is to compute its covering number, which is the number of node pairs that node covers. A node pair in a k-SPR set is a pair of nodes that are k+1 hops apart, and a node covers that pair if it is along the shortest path between the node pair, hence the name Shortest Path Routing (SPR). A hierarchical system of choosing routers is then implemented by applying a similar method to the resulting set of nodes and selecting super routers based on similar criteria to those used for routers.
During our research, we grappled with the issue of generalizing a hierarchical router selection algorithm. We decided that generalizing hierarchical router selection is complicated by the AODV packet header system and is also limited functionally by the number of nodes in the set, sometimes requiring an increase of millions or billions of nodes, in order to necessitate another tier in the hierarchy. Further research should include a close analysis of data resulting from our studies and strive towards a greater understanding of the ‘shape’ of the network that is developed when choosing routers
Living the Mission : How Drake Can Cultivate Morality in Students
No full textA Capstone Project is completed by senior students as part of the Drake curriculum. The Capstone is intended to summarize and synthesize the outcomes of the Drake experience
Looking for indicators of imminent cardiovascular collapse
No full textVarious indicators are used as predictors of lifesaving intervention requirements and mortality risk following severe hemorrhage. We examined hemorrhage and resuscitation data for sensitive and specific indications of imminent cardiovascular collapse. Methods: 8 anesthetized, ventilated dogs were hemorrhaged (H, 90min mean arterial pressure [MAP]=35-40mmHg or MAP10min or MAP1min), hypotensively stabilized (S, 120min enalaprilat 0.01mg/kg/hr + hemoglobin based oxygen carrier [HBOC] or 7.8% hypertonic saline dextran 70 [HSD] for MAP=40-45mmHg), resuscitated (60min lactated Ringer’s for MAP=75-80mmHg), monitored (60min no fluids), and euthanized. Results: 2 of 8 died of cardiovascular collapse: 1 of 5 HBOC 117min into S and 1 of 3 HSD 9min into S. No threshold values were found for predicting cardiovascular collapse. Within the 30 minute interval preceding death, trend differences (sharply declining values for heart rate, blood pressure, and end-tidal PCO2) were visible only in the final 10 minutes. Conclusions: Perhaps these visible trends could be useful for guiding the application of high risk interventions to patients who would die if they only received conventional care. The shortness of the pre-death window may limit the usefulness of the observed patterns.Eagles, Iowa Space Grant Consortiu
Faculty grants awarded in FY06
No full textGrant recipients for FY06 include: John Burney, Garry Frank, Jack Gerlovich, Neil Hamilton, Doug Ireland, Linda Krypel, Suzanne Levitt, Susan Ladd, Michael Miller, Anne Murr, Scott Raecker, Georgia Sheriff, Jody Swilky, Brad Tice, Maria Valdovinos, Amy Wisniewski, Aimee Beckmann-Collier, Dave Blank, Russell Lovell, Thomas Rosburg, Keith Summerville, Klaus Bartschat, Matt Bruinekool, Charisse Buising, Jerry Honts, Jan McMahill, Eunice Meredith, Marion Panyan, David Skidmore, Deb De Laet, Jan Marston and Robert Stensrud.Program or research grants awarded during fiscal year 2006, as reported by the Office of Sponsored Programs, Drake University. One file is arranged by type of research or grant (private, state, and federal), and another file is arranged by the quarter in which they were awarded. Private grants: 1,475,029, and Federal grants: 11,433,741