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Systematic Review: Impaired Drug Absorption in Patients with Ostomy or Shortened Bowel
No full textMentor: Dr. Nita PanditDrug absorption may be a problem in patients with ostomies and shortened bowel. Malabsorption of
certain drugs and drug products is possible due to the reduction in intestinal surface area as a result of
surgical resection. Clinicians are often unaware of this problem when creating dosing regimens and
there is insufficient literature on this topic. To systematically review published evidence of impaired
drug absorption in patients with ostomy or shortened bowel. To make recommendations to clinicians
for appropriate drug therapy in these patients. Studies were obtained through systematic literature
searches of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, SciFinder Scholar, and SuperSearch databases (1983- 2010) for
English articles with keywords: drug malabsorption, absorption, bioavailability, ostomy, ileostomy,
short bowel, and drug monitoring. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion. Ten
studies were identified investigating impaired absorption in patients with ostomies or shortened
bowel. Evidence for diminished drug absorption was found in 3/10 studies examining ostomies and
7/10 studies involving shortened bowel, including problems with sixty-five drug products. Drug
malabsorption appears to be more well-known in patients with shortened bowel over patients with
ostomies. More studies are needed to evaluate the effect of potential drug malabsorption in patients
with ostomies. Approaches to further research will be presented. Reduced drug absorption is very likely in patients with ostomies or shortened bowel, especially for sustained-release or extended-release
products, and for poorly absorbed drugs. Individual dose-adjustment, selection of a different
route of administration, and therapeutic monitoring of blood levels by clinicians may also be required.Drake University, College of Pharmacy & Health Science
Simulating Belief Propagation Within a Population Via Agent Based Modeling Using NetLogo
No full textMentor: David Courard-HauriAn agent-based computer model was designed in NetLogo to study the communication of environmentally
relevant scientific information in a heterogeneous society. The roles of uncertainty, expert
interpretation, and intentional information selection in the maintenance of false beliefs even when the
agent has a personal incentive to hold beliefs that correspond to exogenous reality were studied. The
relative importance and power of these influences in the emergence of stable or complex dynamic
networks of false belief systems were investigated. In addition, this work has implications for environmental
policy and social activism.Drake University, College of Arts & Science
Effects of Exogenous Estrogen and Testosterone on Reproductive Structures and Spermotogenesis in the Male Rat
No full textMentor: Debora ChristensenThe steroid hormones estrogen and testosterone are essential in the development and maintenance of male reproductive structures. Testosterone is necessary for maintenance of male reproductive structures and for normal spermatogenesis, acting on Sertoli cells to provide the proper environment for healthy spermatid production. Aromatase converts testosterone into estrogen in testicular germ cells and epididymal sperm. This testicular and epididymal estrogen plays a vital role in maintaining proper fluid dynamics within the male reproductive tract. This study sought to determine how exogenous steroid hormones affected male reproductive structures (testes and seminal vesicles) and spermatogenesis in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into two treatment groups: half were gonadectomized (GDX) and half underwent a sham gonadectomy (intact males). All rats were implanted with one of three silastic implants at the time of their surgery. Implants contained either estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), or were empty (a sham implant). After 20 days, the rats were sacrificed and testicular (intact only) and seminal vesicle weights and lengths were measured. Brd-U was used to visualize mitotic division and thus provide a measure of spermatogenesis. Intact males given either T or E2 showed a significant decrease in gonad weight. Seminal vesicles in the E2 treatment group were drastically smaller but similar in size to the sham implant GDX rats. This suggests that the reproductive system of the adult male rat may be more responsive and sensitive to fluctuating levels of estrogen than previously thought.Drake University, College of Arts & Science
Re-imagining Shakespeare - Merchant of Venice (program 1)
No full textThis exhibition represents the cross-discipline collaboration of more than sixty of Drake's students. After studying several of the Bard's plays, students in Sarah Hogan's Reading Shakespeare courses (ENG 058) worked in small groups to direct and perform scenes from "The Merchant of Venice", "Hamlet", and "Twelfth Night". They then collectively drafted a series of short essays on their imagined full-length productions. These modern adaptations, explained in the collaboratively-authored programs, ranged from a "Hamlet" set in the impoverished town of Denmark, South Carolina, to a "Twelfth Night" that explores the gender politics of corporate America. Students in the Graphic Design Two courses (ART 116) taught by Hilary Williams then worked in pairs to create theater posters and program covers that drew on these materials for inspiration and interpretation. All along the way, students have shared ideas, debated visions, and re-imagined Shakespeare.William Shakespeare was no stranger to collaboration. More than a few of his plays were co-authored with fellow dramatists or adapted by others in the process of publication, while performances of his works have always depended on the efforts of actors, investors, and even audiences. Indeed, in his time, Shakespeare was part of a commercial company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, and later, the King's Men. Bringing his works to both light and life has therefore always required the imaginative labor of many.Drake University English Department, Professor Sarah Hogan, and Drake University Graphic Design Department, Professor Hilary Williams. Funding provided by Drake University Women's Studies. Exhibit hosted by Drake University, Cowles Library
Drug Products That Appear In The Stool Of Patients
No full textMentor: Dr. Nita PanditSome medications are extended release products because they release the drug slowly in the body.
Some extended release products are designed to leave behind an undissolved portion, which is excreted
in the patient’s stool. There is no comprehensive list in medical literature that states what
medications have this design, so it’s difficult for medical professionals to advise their patients. Develop
a comprehensive list of medications that are known to appear in the stool. Confirm the lack of
complete dissolution of the product in laboratory experiments and photograph the undissolved portion.
A literature search was conducted to find these medications, starting with a “Do Not Crush” list
and then looking up prescribing and consumer information for each drug product. Dissolution testing was performed where drug products were added to 1.75 L of water and allowed to dissolve with stirring
for 48 hours. A total of 29 medications were found in the literature search. Of these, 13 are osmotic
products, 6 were wax matrix products, and 10 are products with other types of release mechanisms.
In the lab experiments, only two products from the list were available to be tested. One product left an undissolved portion after dissolution and one did not. A comprehensive list of medications
that appear in the stool was created for medical professionals to use when advising patients. The pictures
from the lab experiments can be used for patient education.Drake University, College of Pharmacy & Health Science
Re-imagining Shakespeare - Hamlet (program 4)
No full textThis exhibition represents the cross-discipline collaboration of more than sixty of Drake's students. After studying several of the Bard's plays, students in Sarah Hogan's Reading Shakespeare courses (ENG 058) worked in small groups to direct and perform scenes from "The Merchant of Venice", "Hamlet", and "Twelfth Night". They then collectively drafted a series of short essays on their imagined full-length productions. These modern adaptations, explained in the collaboratively-authored programs, ranged from a "Hamlet" set in the impoverished town of Denmark, South Carolina, to a "Twelfth Night" that explores the gender politics of corporate America. Students in the Graphic Design Two courses (ART 116) taught by Hilary Williams then worked in pairs to create theater posters and program covers that drew on these materials for inspiration and interpretation. All along the way, students have shared ideas, debated visions, and re-imagined Shakespeare.William Shakespeare was no stranger to collaboration. More than a few of his plays were co-authored with fellow dramatists or adapted by others in the process of publication, while performances of his works have always depended on the efforts of actors, investors, and even audiences. Indeed, in his time, Shakespeare was part of a commercial company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, and later, the King's Men. Bringing his works to both light and life has therefore always required the imaginative labor of many.Drake University English Department, Professor Sarah Hogan, and Drake University Graphic Design Department, Professor Hilary Williams. Funding provided by Drake University Women's Studies. Exhibit hosted by Drake University, Cowles Library
Superintendent Longevity and its Relationship to Student Performance
Get PDF1 online resource (85 leaves)Researchers have recently focused attention on the impact of district level
leadership on student achievement. Superintendents are at the heart of that
discussion as they are district leaders and thus held accountable for the
performance of the school district. Superintendent longevity has been an issue
for many years and even though researchers have studied and identified the
importance of leadership in the sustainability of school improvement efforts, the
tenure of superintendents has not changed (Fullan, 2002). Understanding the
impact of superintendent longevity is important to develop a better understanding
of how to improve student performance.
This study focused on Iowa superintendent longevity and the relationship it
has to student performance in reading, mathematics, and science. Understanding
that many factors impact student achievement, district enrollment and
socioeconomic status were identified as additional variables to include in this
study. Sequential hierarchical regression analyses indicated that superintendent
longevity was not a predictor of student performance in reading, mathematics
and science. District enrollment was a predictor of student performance in
mathematics and science, while socioeconomic status was a significant predictor
of reading mathematics and science achievement
Re-imagining Shakespeare - Twelfth Night (program 4)
No full textThis exhibition represents the cross-discipline collaboration of more than sixty of Drake's students. After studying several of the Bard's plays, students in Sarah Hogan's Reading Shakespeare courses (ENG 058) worked in small groups to direct and perform scenes from "The Merchant of Venice", "Hamlet", and "Twelfth Night". They then collectively drafted a series of short essays on their imagined full-length productions. These modern adaptations, explained in the collaboratively-authored programs, ranged from a "Hamlet" set in the impoverished town of Denmark, South Carolina, to a "Twelfth Night" that explores the gender politics of corporate America. Students in the Graphic Design Two courses (ART 116) taught by Hilary Williams then worked in pairs to create theater posters and program covers that drew on these materials for inspiration and interpretation. All along the way, students have shared ideas, debated visions, and re-imagined Shakespeare.William Shakespeare was no stranger to collaboration. More than a few of his plays were co-authored with fellow dramatists or adapted by others in the process of publication, while performances of his works have always depended on the efforts of actors, investors, and even audiences. Indeed, in his time, Shakespeare was part of a commercial company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, and later, the King's Men. Bringing his works to both light and life has therefore always required the imaginative labor of many.Drake University English Department, Professor Sarah Hogan, and Drake University Graphic Design Department, Professor Hilary Williams. Funding provided by Drake University Women's Studies. Exhibit hosted by Drake University, Cowles Library
Teachers As Learners : A Study Of Elementary Teachers' Implementation Of The Iowa Professional Development Model
Get PDF110 pagesResearch in the field of professional development, though growing, is void of studies exploring the implementation of models of professional development, particularly in districts with high achievement. This inquiry was designed to examine the perception of elementary teachers of their implementation of the Iowa Professional Development Model in a high achieving Iowa school district and to explore operational variability regarding the implementation of the model.
Naturalistic inquiry (Lincoln & Guba, 1985) provided the theoretical framework for this study. Data were collected through multiple sources: an online survey that provided not only demographic data but also self-reported implementation data; district documents, including the comprehensive school improvement plan and the building goal documents; and focus group interviews. In naturalistic inquiry data collection and analysis occur simultaneously. To facilitate analysis, survey data were organized into cross-tabulations; and the text responses to the open-ended survey question were processed via a Concordance© program, entered into data tables, and coded according to emergent themes using the naturalistic approach to the constant comparison method. Focus group interview transcriptions were processed and analyzed using the same approach.
Findings suggest teachers had an abstract, general understanding of the Iowa Professional Development Model, but that they would welcome the opportunity to deepen their understanding. Teachers reported engaging to the greatest extent in the professional development components of collaboration, reflection, and analysis of student achievement; but they reported engaging least in peer observation and coaching. Overwhelmingly, teachers viewed professional development as focused on their learning and identified time as a critical resource. Teachers acknowledged the importance of both building and district leadership to systematize their work in school improvement. Although teachers engaged in the components of professional development, their participation and response varied. Teachers felt the pressure of competing interests and limited time and opportunity to address them.
District leaders should consider communicating and explaining the Iowa Professional Development Model with the intended outcome of a full implementation at both the district-wide and school levels. In addition, leaders should consider periodic audits of time to increase awareness as to how teachers and leaders are spending their time
Analysis of Anti-Malarial Drug: Coartem 20/120
No full textMentor: Dr. John GituaMalaria is a mosquito –borne infectious disease of humans caused by the bite of a female anopheles
mosquito. The disease is prevalent in tropical regions of the world mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia
and Latin America. Anti-malarial medications such as chloroquine, artemisinin, doxycycline,
Metakelfin, Coartem 20/120 and other drugs are used to treat malarial infections. In this experiment
the antimalarial drug, Coartem 20/120 was analyzed to identify the presence of the main active ingredients.
The extraction of such ingredients was made using the appropriate solvents and gave a mixture of two components: Artemether and Lumefantrin which were further separated using the column chromatography.
Characterization of such compounds involved the use of melting point determinations as well
as infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatographic techniques.Drake University, College of Arts & Sciences, Department of Chemistr