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A Phenomenological Case Study: The Law School Environment as Experienced by Academically Dismissed Black and Latina/o Law Students
Full text link281 leavesThe legal profession is one of the least diverse in the country and reflects societies’ limits
on access to power by certain ethnic groups. The disparate numbers of Black and Latina/o
students in law school stems from a history of excluding these groups from legal education, in
addition to system obstacles, including socioeconomic status, lower LSAT scores, and barriers to
education.
A long academic debate has asked why minority students are not successful in law
school. The most prominent voice on this subject, Richard Sander, suggests that mismatch theory
accounts for the lack of success on the part of Latina/o and Black students. Many scholars have
rejected this notion, and cited that a hostile law school environment, along with stereotype threat
and disparate treatment are the source.
The purpose of the study was to examine the law school environment as perceived by
Black and Latino/a students who were academically dismissed from law school. This study
focused on the perceptions of the former students, as opposed to the institutional perspective,
which is unique to this field of inquiry.
This study was built upon Strange and Banning’s (2001) comprehensive ecological
model on educational environments. Eight participants who were academically dismissed from
law school and identified as Black or Latina/o were interviewed. Through analysis four themes
emerged, experiences of stereotype threat, fight or flight used as a coping mechanism, isolation
in the law school environment and culture, and perceptions of systemic betrayal and disparate
treatment.
Findings lead to implications for the stakeholders in legal education, including the need
to examine unintended consequences resulting from the environment with no pedagogical purpose. Finally, recommendations for students, faculty, administrators and the American Bar
Association are discussed, including the need for additional collection of data on minority
student academic dismissal, and improvement of teaching methods to include evidence-based
pedagogy. The resulting themes offer insights and opportunities for individual law students and
law schools to increase the retention of minority law students
Saudi Arabia: An Overview of Executive Compensation, Board Structure, and Sustainability
Full text linkEditorially reviewed student paper. 14 page
Is a National Policy for Paid Parental Leave Possible in the United States?
Full text linkCapstone paper from 2015 spring MPA program. Instructed by Allen Zagoren.The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) was created in 1993 to address social and economic changes in the American family structure. This provision provided new parents with the opportunity to take up to twelve unpaid weeks off of work after the birth or adoption of a child. FMLA also guaranteed the employees’ position and rate of pay upon return to work. The policy, according to congress, was enacted to protect and promote family/work balance and encourage stronger, healthier families. To be eligible, the employee must have worked at least 1250 hours during a twelve month period (Magill, 2015). Since the inception of FMLA, poverty has risen and the poverty gap has widened. Many American families live in poverty, decreasing the opportunity for new parents to utilize FMLA due to budgeting concerns. This places pressures on women to return to work as soon as possible when they are the primary breadwinners, and decreases opportunities for fathers to access parental leave. In this sense, the work/family balance becomes more difficult for lower and middle class families, and provides fewer opportunities for those infants to develop stronger bonds and stronger developmental skills than families without economic constraints. The creation and implementation of a national policy for paid maternity and paternity leave in the United States will positively impact the family unit, resulting in an overall positive social and economic impact for the country. This report seeks to explain the social and economic impact of the creation of a national policy for paid maternity and paternity leave, as well as analyze policies in other developed countries
Pulse-Shape Effects On The Autler-Townes Doublet In Strong-Field Ionization Of Atomic Hydrogen
Full text linkKlaus Bartschat, Alexei Grum-Grzhimailo, MentorsA characteristic feature in strong-field multi-photon ionization processes is the so-called Autler-Townes Doublet [1] that occurs due to the transient splitting of atomic energy levels in the
electric field of the laser pulse. Preliminary studies [2] revealed that the shape of this doublet
structure can be strongly dependent on the details of the pulse structure. This dependence is not only surprising, but may also be a limiting factor on the ability of calibrating absolute laser
intensities [3].
[1] S. H. Autler and C. H. Townes, Phys. Rev. 100 (1955) 703.
[2] A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo, M. N. Khaerdinov, and K. Bartschat, Phys. Rev. A 88 (2013) 055401.
[3] M. G. Pullen et al., Phys. Rev. A 87 (2013) 053411Drake University, College of Arts & Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy; Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State Universit
Multicast Network Coded Flow In Grid Graphs
Full text linkNetwork coding, a relatively new paradigm for transmitting information through communication networks,
allowing intermediate nodes in the network to combine data received on separate incoming channels
before transmitting on outgoing channels. When compared with traditional routing paradigms, network
coding can result in benefits such as higher throughput, fault-tolerance, and security.
In this paper, we focus on studying network coding properties on a specific class of graphs called grid
graphs. Network coding properties are related to well-known Steiner properties in graphs. Specifically,
Steiner properties of grid graphs are studied, because they model VLSI layout design, which makes network
coding properties a natural extension of this investigation.
In particular, we looked at the maximum size of a communication group that is possible in a grid graph,
given a specific desired transmission rate. Letting rk (G) be the maximum fraction of nodes in graph G that
can be included in a network coded multicast group with an integral flow of size k, we prove that r2(G)<1,
r3(G) < 1
2 , and r4(G) < 1
3 . In the first two cases, we construct families of communication groups on grid
graphs which approach these bounds. In the latter case, we present a family of communication groups
approaching a density of 14
Low Complexity All-Optical Network Coder Architecture
Full text linkNetwork coding, a networking paradigm in which
different pieces of data are coded together at various points along
a transmission, has been proposed for providing a number of
benefits to networks including increased throughput, robustness,
and security. For optical networks, the potential for using
network coding to provide survivability is especially noteworthy
as it may be possible to allow for the ultra-fast recovery time
of dedicated protection schemes with the bandwidth efficiency
of shared protection schemes. However, the need to perform
computations at intermediate nodes along the optical route leads
to the undesirable necessity of either electronically buffering and
processing the data at intermediate nodes or outfitting the network
with complex photonic circuits capable of performing the
computations entirely within the optical domain. In this paper,
we take the latter approach but attempt to mitigate the impact of
the device complexity by proposing a low-complexity, all-optical
network coder architecture. Our design provides easily scalable,
powerful digital network coding capabilities at the optical layer,
and we show that existing network coding algorithms can be
adjusted to accommodate it
Estimation Of The Social Discount Rate For Non-Marginal Environmental Damages
No full textDavid Courard-Hauri (Mentor)When estimating the costs and benefits of programs to address long-term environmental
challenges like climate change, the choice of discount rate often drives the results. The Pure Rate of Time Preference (PTP) used in major analyses have ranged from 0.1% (Stern) to 3%
(Nordhaus) or higher. In many studies, high values of PTP are supported by revealed preference information based on marginal changes. However, many of the expected effects of climate change are likely to be non-marginal, including extinction, loss of entire habitat types, and inundation of small nations. We report on efforts to measure PTP for non-marginal changes by asking individuals to choose between protecting all of a particular type of habitat for a fixed number of years, versus a fraction of the habitat indefinitely. Presenting individuals with this trade-off provides a way to assess preferences that is easy for the participant to understand, potentially realistic, and not subject to many of the confounding factors that plague current techniques.Drake University, College of Arts & Sciences, Environmental Science and Policy Progra
Corporate Governance Practices in Canada and the United States
Full text linkEditorially reviewed student paper. 13 page
Russia and the United States: A Comparison of Governance Practices, Compensation, and Sustainability
Full text link13 pagesThe first part of this paper will examine executive compensation in both the United States and
Russia. We will discuss the fact that in the United States, CEOs’ salaries are exponentially
greater than the salaries of employees, regardless of performance. We will also address the
idea that certain CEOs’ salaries are high due solely to the fact that other CEOs’ salaries are
high. The paper will then highlight the fact that Russian executives do not receive incentives and
benefits based on performance. Also in Russia, CEOs of public companies have a much higher
salary that drastically increases yearly, while the salary of private companies remains quite
consistent. This comparison will demonstrate the differences in executive compensation
between the two countries.
The second area of focus within this paper discusses the issues that surround the board of
directors in Russia and the United States. We will address the differences in governance
structures, board structure and composition, and duality. Within the board structure, we also
focus on the different committees that comprise boards in both countries. We also discuss the
impact of Russia’s strong central state government and its involvement with public companies.
This will help illustrate the distinct differences the government plays in each country’s
economies, and how the board of directors plays a role in corporate governance.
The third section of this paper will discuss the recent scholarly findings in regards to executive
compensation and sustainability. Research was focused on executive compensation
comparison between state-owned businesses and private sectors, compensation differences
between industries, and a brief discussion on the biggest Russian CEO payout in history. This
section also illustrates the roots of Russia’s sustainability problems, and the difficulties private
sector businesses face in the effort to implement successful sustainability legislation and its
enforcement
2014 Advertising Senior Capstone: IRIS
No full textProfessors, Dorothy Pisarski and Sandy Henry, advisors.This Journalism and Mass Communication's class prepared plans books and presentations for a segment of the ACH Foods business, specifically, Tone's Spices. Students were divided into four ad agencies to plan and execute an advertising and marketing campaign for the sponsor, Tone's. The students were challenged to create an integrated campaign including social media. The plans book for the student advertising agency, IRIS, is presented here