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How the Paycheck Fairness Act Would Reduce the Gender Wage Gap
No full textAs of 2021, the average woman makes 82 cents to the average male dollar, and this number has remained roughly constant since 2005. After outlining the major explanations of the gender wage gap in the literature, I lay out the key policy responses that have aimed to reduce this gap. The most recent of these policies, the Paycheck Fairness Act, would reduce wage discrimination by shifting the burden of proof onto employers in discrimination lawsuits and including a provision for mandatory wage disclosure. I then use David Neumark’s (1988) extension of Ronald Oaxaca’s (1973) decomposition method to break down the current gender wage gap into its explained and unexplained portions.
My results give the stunning conclusion that for full-time workers, before controlling for occupation, the explained portion of the gender wage gap is negative. In other words, on average the marginal product of labor of women is higher than that of men, and that in the absence of occupational segregation and wage discrimination, we would see a wage gap towards women. These results suggest that the Paycheck Fairness Act would be successful in reducing the wage gap because much of the current gap is the result of wage discrimination
Interactions Between Copper Dysregulation and Biological Markers of Alzheimer\u27s Disease
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The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Literature Review and Analysis of Psychometric Properties
No full textSuicide is a major public health issue that affects many demographic groups. As a result, clinicians have developed instruments to try to predict who will die by suicide. One such instrument is the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). The C-SSRS contains four subscales, each addressing different aspects of suicidality. This paper found that the C-SSRS subscales have different levels of predictive ability depending on the timing of a follow-up assessment. Additionally, the evidence is mixed regarding the convergent and divergent validity of the C-SSRS. This may be attributed to the differences among measures used to assess the validity of the scale. Furthermore, ambiguity and confusion about the administration of the C-SSRS may lead to inter-rater unreliability. Finally, this paper points to two new demographic groups that could strengthen future validation attempts of the C-SSRS. Such high-quality suicide measurement helps safeguard community health and support clinicians as they attempt to predict risk of suicide
Watering the West: An Exploratory Case Study of Indigenous Water Rights in the Colorado River Basin
No full textThe Colorado River is an invaluable water resource for the American West. It provides water that the West would not be able to function without. However, as a result of climate change and consequent droughts, water levels in the river have dropped significantly, leading to unprecedented water cuts for Western states, enacted by the Bureau of Reclamation. The management of the river relies on collective governance, as there are a plethora of stakeholders in the Colorado River Basin. Given the recent proposed cuts, the role of marginalized stakeholders—notably those of Indigenous communities—in the Basin’s apportionments is unsettled. In this paper, we assess the historical and current role that Indigenous communities and governments play in water rights discussions. We use the socio-ecological systems (SES) framework and Elinor Ostrom’s eight design principles to analyze the success of Indigenous communities in governing and accessing their water resources. Within this case study, four tribes are studied: two from the Upper Basin (Eastern Shoshone and Southern Ute) and two from the Lower Basin (San Carlos Apache and Hualapai). We found that the extensive involvement of the federal government in deciding Indigenous water entitlements has had negative impacts on the tribes, especially considering the history of mistrust and mistreatment between the federal government and Indigenous communities in the United States. We conclude that one-size-fits-all management as prescribed by the federal government is ineffective for Indigenous communities, and that local, tailored settlements would foster more effective outcomes
Striking Out
No full textThe pilot follows a high school softball team after their coach unexpectedly passes away. The team and coaches must regain their competitive spirit for the rest of the season while processing their grief
RNA Binding Protein Rbfox1 is Linked to Autism Spectrum Disorder Through its Dual Role in Alternative Splicing and Gene Expression
No full textAcclimation and Fluctuating Temperatures Affect Ecological Performance and Development in Frogs
No full textKeeping the Faith: Being Jewish in Officially Christian Academic Spheres
No full textCollege is often thought to be a place of self discovery where many individuals are surrounded by peers from different economic, social, cultural, racial and religious backgrounds for the first time. For many, this means that knowingly entering an institution where they hold a minority identity leads to a consistent need for those identities to be validated and reaffirmed. Being Jewish is one such minority identity that college students grapple with—especially in explicitly Christian contexts. On Christian college campuses, Jewish students need to actively carve out space for their own faith practice and fight for inclusion in conversations of diversity. Despite this there is little to no existing research on Jewish students on Christian campuses—a gap this paper starts to fill (Mayrl and Oeur 2009). Through thirteen interviews at three Christian liberal arts colleges in Minnesota—Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Olaf College and Macalester College—I investigate issues and advantages faced by Jewish students. This study explores student motivations and hesitations around enrolling at Christian schools. as well as, the day to day experiences individuals face in an attempt to paint a picture of being a small Jewish fish in a large Christian pond. Additionally, I argue that religious environments provide unique places for self discovery and identity formation. My research finds that spaces with explicitly Christian environments can be deeply othering for Jewish students while simultaneously supporting their religious growth due to solidarity around faith in a secularizing world
From Gratitude to Grief: Conceptions of Identity and Belonging Among Chinese American Transracial Adoptees
No full textWhat happens when a person of color is raised by a white family and enculturated in a predominantly white environment? Furthermore, what is it like for a non-white individual to be transplanted from their birth country as a baby and brought up in a white, Western setting? Transracial adoptees have complicated answers to these questions. Through interviews with ten young adult Chinese American adoptees, this project illuminates the ruminations and lived experiences of a demographic that grapples with incongruity between their racial/ethnic minority status and simultaneous detachment from their Chinese heritage. Supported by white adoptive families, their life situation affords them privileges that they did not have when they were born. Yet, severed from their birth culture, disconnected from their biological family, and surrounded by few other individuals like themselves growing up, many struggle with a turbulent sense of identity and belonging. Qualitative analysis revealed that respondents held a range of opinions on their identity and desire to become acquainted with Chinese culture. Shared sentiments about feeling “in between” two cultures and curiosity about the whereabouts of their birth parents provide evidence that the adversities adoptees face speak to broader sociological issues of race, ethnicity, identity, and kinship