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Introduction to Photonic Integrated Circuits
No full textPhotonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) are a novel class of optical devices capable of processing data at a much larger scale than typical electronic integrated circuits. Based entirely on waveguiding structures etched onto substrates, these devices rival typical electronic integrated circuits due to their higher bandwidth, reduced operation energy costs, and advanced parallel computing ability. The core theories behind PIC operation lie in optical waveguide theory and coupled-mode theory, giving birth to a wider study of both active and passive optical components than can be featured on any given PIC. This paper will provide an in-depth introduction to the waveguide and coupled-mode theories underlying PICs, before discussing the various materials and fabrication methods employed to create them. Finally, the paper will explore applications of these theories and methods for optical filtration on a PIC
The Physics of Cooling: Techniques, Purposes, and Phenomena Near Absolute Zero
No full textThe human pursuit towards achieving near absolute zero—defined as the physical limit where there is no heat or atomic motion—has profoundly shaped our understanding of modern physics. This paper explores the world of supercool physics through the methods used to achieve progressively lower temperatures, categorized by temperature range and application. The vast array of cooling methods allows scientists to explore previously unknown physics and explore unique material properties such as superconductivity, superfluidity, and the formation of Bose-Einstein condensates. These phenomena help deepen our understanding of physics and drive technological advancements in precision measurement equipment and material science, which have shaped our understanding of the universe. Through the exploration of techniques from thermoelectric cooling to laser cooling and adiabatic demagnetization, this paper highlights the connection between ultra-cold physics and modern technology
Rising Temperatures, Vanishing Forests: The Environmental Drivers of Malaria Transmission
No full textTo Punish or Preserve Learning: The Impact of Federal Title IX Regulations on Campus Disciplinary Proceedings
No full textLiving the good life without morals: a discussion of the efficacy of guardrails in Alasdair MacIntyre’s ‘quest for the good life’
No full textGender Affirmed: A Systematic Review of Gender Dysphoria & Mental Health in Transgender People
No full textTransgender individuals, including non-binary people, face a disproportionately high rate of psychological and mental health challenges. This systematic review explores comparative psychological distress among transgender individuals and, in the same vein, non-binary individuals, evaluating research aimed at understanding the mental health of transgender people. Using the PsycINFO database, this review evaluates 10 open-access and peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2014 and 2024, focusing on transgender adolescents and adults. Findings reveal an increased mental health risk in suicidality, depression, and non-suicidal self-injury, exacerbated by minority stress, gender dysphoria, and limited access to gender-affirming care. Although gender-affirming interventions, such as hormone therapy, show potential for symptom alleviation, the scope of this review primarily discusses burgeoning mental health themes like minority stress and gender euphoria, and mental health interventions, like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions focused on combating internalized transphobia, reducing minority stress, body image, and gender dysphoria
Who Defines the Truth? Populists\u27 Post-Electoral Challenges to Media Independence
No full textDespite the increasing popularity of populist politicians throughout democracies around the world, little scholarship has systematically examined the ways in which the relationship between populists and domestic independent media shifts once a populist becomes the head of state. Building on the work of scholars such as Léonie de Jonge (2019), this paper proposes a novel theoretical framework from which future research might study post-electoral populist-media interactions based on two key variables: (1) the populist’s degree of control over the national legislature, and (2) the strength of democratic protections against executive aggrandizement. The paper illustrates these variables and the two resulting interactive relationships – conflict and competition and institutional capture – through a comparative examination of three cases of hegemonic populist electoral victories: Donald Trump’s first election in the United States, Viktor Orbán’s second election in Hungary, and Hugo Chávez in Venezuela
Colloquium Comps: \u27The Double Domination of Gender Roles and Capitalism in Machinal and Giovanni’s Room\u27 and \u27Singing Whose Body Electric? The Hypocritical Rhetoric of Written on the Body and “I Sing the Body Electric”\u27
No full textA colloquium comps featuring two essays: one investigating the shared theme of how capitalist and sexist oppression intersect in Sophie Treadwell\u27s Machinal and James Baldwin\u27s Giovanni\u27s Room, and one about how Jeanette Winterson and Walt Whitman talk about bodies and sex in Written On The Body and I Sing the Body Electric
The Biosynthesis of Cylindrospermopsin: A Potent Toxin Produced by Cyanobacteria
No full textThe increasing frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms, fueled by anthropogenic effects such as eutrophication and warming, exacerbate the risk posed by cyanotoxins. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a compound with potent toxicity produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria and has become the second most studied cyanotoxin due to its toxicity and prevalence. The biosynthesis of CYN not only deepens our understanding of natural products, enzymology, and cyanobacterial metabolism and has practical applications for toxin management, food security, and water safety. This presentation will highlight interesting biosynthetic components of CYN, explore the evolution of biosynthetic research, and provide an overall framework for understanding the relevance of natural product biosynthesis