BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment (E-Journal) / БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение
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Изучение биологической и генетической стабильности штамма № 205 вируса клещевого энцефалита, применяемого для производства вакцин клещевого энцефалита ЭнцеВир, ЭнцеВир Нео детский
No full textThe article presents the results of a long-term study of biological and genetic stability of tick-borne encephalitis strain 205 which is used by the FSUE «SPA «Microgen» to produce tick-borne encephalitis vaccines EnceVir (for adults) and EnceVir Neo for children, both of which are tissue cultured, inactivated, purified, and sorbed. The biological stability of strain 205 was studied at the seed lot stage using passages on outbred white mice: initial production strain 205 and production «stock strain». Lyophilisates of production seed lots were studied at different storage intervals at -20 °С (up to 9 years of storage and more). Biological activity parameters (tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) titre in log LD50/ml) were studied by using different ways of infecting outbred white mice, and strain 205 identification (specificity) was determined by comparing it to a reference strain in a biological neutralization assay (BNA) according to the manufacturer’s specifications for the vaccines concerned. The same materials and a batch of TBEV vaccine produced from the production «stock strain» (lyophilisate of 1986) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing for genetic stability during passaging and long-term storage. The results of the study made it possible to demonstrate the biological and genetic stability of strain 205 during production of TBEV vaccines
«Микробиологическая чистота» сухих питательных сред, используемых для оценки стерильности иммунобиологических лекарственных препаратов
Get PDFMedicinal products fail sterility testing if visual observation shows the growth of microorganisms that manifests itself as turbidity, sedimentation, flocculation and other changes in the growth medium. A key factor allowing robust determination of changes in the culture that may be suspected of contamination is the quality of growth media used, namely their transparency, and absence of foreign matter detectable by microscopic examination of the growth media smears. The presence of such foreign matter makes it especially difficult to interpret the results of testing of immunobiological products, namely live bacterial vaccines, because they cause turbidity of the media due to their specific composition. The article dwells upon the results of testing (in terms of Transparency and Microbial content) of dehydrated growth media recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th ed., General monograph 1.2.4.0003.15 for sterility testing of immunobiological medicinal products. The study revealed the presence of microorganisms, including pathogenic ones, in the growth media. In view of the fact that certificates of analysis and technical documentation accompanying components of growth media and dehydrated growth media produced by most national and foreign manufacturers do not contain any data on the acceptable levels of microorganisms it is argued that these products have to be tested for microbial content. The study also investigated the ways of improving the quality of commercial dehydrated growth media at the preparation stage
Сравнительный анализ требований к качеству гетерологичных сывороточных препаратов в фармакопеях ведущих стран - производителей лекарственных средств
No full textThe article is devoted to a comparative analysis of requirements to the heterologous serum products stipulated in the world leading Pharmacopoeias: the US Pharmacopoeia, the European Pharmacopoeia, the British Pharmacopoeia, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that the range of antibacterial and antiviral heterologous serum products manufactured in the USA, Europe and Japan differs from that manufactured in Russia. Prevention and treatment of some infectious diseases abroad is mainly achieved with the help of human immunoglobulins, while the prevention of other infections, such as anthrax, is only achieved by vaccination. Nevertheless, heterologous serum products are still used in clinical practice all over the world. The range of such products is the same in all countries. Some of these products are included into the WHO Essential Medicines List. The results of the analysis demonstrate that Russian antitoxic serum products are not inferior to foreign analogues in terms of safety and efficacy. A more detailed characterization of Russian products could help harmonize requirements of Russian and foreign pharmacopoeias to these products and help Russian products enter the foreign market
Организация иммунопрофилактики лиц с нарушениями в состоянии здоровья
No full textVaccination is one of the most effective ways to control the epidemic process in a number of infectious diseases. Many years of experience in the use of vaccines proved the undeniable importance of preventive vaccination in the fight against serious diseases such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, pertussis, rubella, mumps and others. The incidence of these infections is dependent on vaccination coverage, which should not be lower than 95%. This rate is hard to be achieved and it is a serious public health problem, since every year we notice a growing number of medical exemption to the immunization in children with various health disorders. Immunization in children of the mentioned group is a significant reserve for increasing the rate of vaccinated population. The article outlines basic scientific and methodological approaches to immunization in patients with health disorders. The authors summarized the experience of domestic researchers and suggested the common tactical methods to engage the mentioned cohort of children for immunization, based on modern scientific and practical achievements in child immunization of high-risk groups. These scientific and methodical approaches can improve the rate of the vaccinated population and therefore protect against infectious diseases, managed by specific prophylaxis
Патогенетическое лечение гриппа с помощью аэрозольной формы апротинина, ингибитора протеаз
Get PDFTherapeutic and antiviral efficacies of inhalations of aerosolized aprotinin, a protease inhibitor, which blocks a stage of influenza virus proteolytic activation, were studied. This clinical study was performed during winter-spring outbreak caused with pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09. Aprotinin (a natural low molecular weight antiprotease polypeptide) is known to be a chemotherapeutic antiviral drug, which inhibits influenza virus proteolytic activation accomplished by host respiratory proteases. Patients inhaled 2 aerosol doses of aprotinin (160 Kallikrein-inhibiting Units (KIU)) each 2 hours for 5 days. In comparison group, patients were treated with ingavirin (a synthetic peptidoamine with unknown antiviral target), 90 mg per day for 5 days. About 10-fold decrease of virus load in aprotinin patients were determined in comparison to ingavirin patients. Duration of clinical symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, weakness, headache, sore throat, cough, sore thorax, fever, was 1 -2 days shorter in aprotinin then in ingavirin group. Side effects and patient discomfort were not revealed in aprotinin group patients. Aerosolized form of aprotinin can be recommended as a pathogenetic antiviral drug against Influenza caused by different viruses, including seasonal H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, swine-like H1N1pdm09, and avian-like H7N9 viruses
Анализ многолетнего опыта изучения инактивированных культуральных вакцин для профилактики f клещевого энцефалита отечественного и зарубежного производства по показателю качества -специфическая активность (иммуногенность)
Get PDFThe analysis of the use of the method for the evaluation of specific (immunogenic) activity of vaccines for preventing tick-borne encephalitis (TBE vaccines) against protective dilution (PD50) and the minimum immunizing dose (MID50) has been performed. The method was standardized and submitted to the regulatory documents for TBE vaccines authorized in the Russian Federation. When analyzing the results of the study of specific (immunogenic) activity of TBE vaccines (107 TBE vaccine batches by different manufacturers have been studied) it was confirmed that the choice of real lethal dose (RLD50) indicator of TBE virus (test strain «Absettarov») in the range of 100-3000 LD50, the reasonability of using BALB /c cell-line mice, the effectiveness of the national method of determining immunogenicity in terms of MlD50 for TBE vaccines authorized in the Russian Federation. The reasonability of using immunogenicity reference standard for TBE-OSO 42-28-48 to assess the reproducibility of the experiments, and the homogeneity of laboratory animals in terms of quality. Methods for determining TBE vaccine immunogenicity («specific activity (immunogenicity)» in terms of PD50 and MID50 is applicable both for Russian commercial TBE vaccines and for FSME-Immun vaccine, manufactured by «Baxter Vaccine AG», Austria
Исследование защитного действия туберкулезных вакцин в эксперименте
No full textThe article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of experimental data on the protective properties of the three seed lots of tuberculosis vaccines which have been used in the production of BCG and BCG-M vaccines since 1984. It was shown that these seed lots have comparable characteristics of viability, which accounts for their equivalent immunogenicity. An additional study of the protective properties of the preparations was carried out in guinea pigs vaccinated with production batches of tuberculosis vaccines containing a different amount of viable BCG cells in the vaccine dose. Exposure of animals to a virulent strain of M. tuberculosis 2.5 months after the vaccination demonstrated high immunogenicity of the tuberculosis vaccines. It was established that a fivefold reduction in the dose of a vaccine with a high content of viable BCG cells only slightly reduces the degree of protection of the animals from disseminated tuberculosis. Thus, the data obtained confirmed that the 30 % reduction of the upper limit of the viability (viable BCG) of the BCG and BCG-M tuberculosis vaccines aimed at reducing their reactogenicity does not affect the protective properties of the preparation. It is important to note that previous post-marketing surveillance of such improved vaccines has shown a significant reduction in the number of post-vaccination complications in children
Разработка и изучение отраслевого стандартного образца активности вакцины против краснухи
Get PDFPresents information on 1st series of branch standard sample to characterization the quality of the candidate of branch standard sample tested for performance evaluation: specific activity of authenticity, a description of sterility, presence of mycoplasma, loss on drying, pH, filling accuracy, the residual oxygen content in the vials. Attested feature of the new series of the standard sample is a specific activity, because the purpose of the of branch reference standard activity live Rubella vaccine is the suitability of the results of determining the specific activity of the Rubella virus in vaccines. Indicator specific activity of the candidate in the of branch reference standard was assessed by interlaboratory studies compared to current 1st standard sample of the enterprise and 1st International Reference Reagent For Rubella (Live) NIBSC-91/688. Certified value of the index is set «Specific activity of branch reference standard activity for rubella (4,63±0,50) lgCCE50/0,5 ml. Shelf-life stated by using test accelerated the degradation is not less than at minus 20°C
Прямые и косвенные методы определения нуклеотидного состава ДНК последовательностей микроорганизмов
Get PDFTyping of bacterial populations and identification of microorganisms are the overriding priorities in the field of prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. Over the recent two decades rapidly developing approaches to molecular typing of bacterial populations have become an essential tool for the mentioned task. The information encoded in nucleic acids is more complete as compared to other characteristics of an organism. It can be obtained by either direct determination of genome sequences or by using a variety of techniques, that allow to indirectly assess the nucleotide composition in a representative genome locus of a microorganism under study. The article provides an overview of the literature data on direct and indirect methods of determining nucleotide composition of DNA sequences in microorganisms (multiple locus sequence typing, multiple sequeneed sites typing, denaturing gel electrophoresis, high-sensitivity melting curve analysis, DNA macro(micro)arrays).Типирование бактериальных линий и идентификация микроорганизмов - чрезвычайно важные задачи в области профилактики, диагностики и лечения бактериальных инфекций. За последние два десятилетия бурно развивающиеся молекулярные подходы к типированию бактериальных линий стали необходимым инструментом для решения этой задачи. Информация, которую могут дать нуклеиновые кислоты, является наиболее полной по сравнению с другими характеристиками организма. Получить ее можно как непосредственным определением избранных последовательностей генома, так и с помощью различных техник, позволяющих, косвенно оценить нуклеотидный состав репрезентативного участка генома исследуемого микроорагнизма. Статья посвящена обзору литературных данных по прямым и косвенным методам определения нуклеотидного состава ДНК последовательностей микроорганизмов (типирование по мультилокусным сик-венсам, типирование по множеству отсеквенированных участков, электрофорез в денатурирующей системе, высокочувствительный анализ кривых плавления, ДНК макро(микро)чипы)