5916 research outputs found
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The syntactic evolution of traditional agricultural structures: A case study of Çukurova
No full textThis study explores the transformation of farm spaces in the Cukurova region, a key agricultural area in southern Turkey, focusing on changes in agricultural practices, labour requirements, and product types over the past fifty years. Despite numerous studies on Turkey's traditional rural structures, farm structure research is limited. This research selected fifteen operational farms established between 1850 and 1950 to examine the impact of evolving agricultural methods and human behaviours on-farm environments. The primary objective is to trace technological influences and human interactions within farm spaces, particularly discerning the delineation between shared and individual areas. The study employs a dual dataset approach: behavioural data derived from observations, farm owner interviews, and spatial data from photogrammetric models created using drone imagery. These models facilitate space syntax analysis of the farms' layouts, offering insights into current and historical farm configurations. Key findings indicate significant morphological changes in the definitions of individual and production areas within farm settlement plans. The study suggests a shift in farm spatial models from a "family business" approach to a "joint venture partnership" model. This transformation underscores the evolving nature of contemporary farms. It highlights the importance of adapting spatial planning for sustainability in modern agrarian environments. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the direction and nature of farm adaptations in Cukurova over time, reinforcing new trends in spatial planning for sustainable agriculture
Thermal request optimization of a smart district heating system
No full textThis paper proposes a solution approach to manage the heating plans of tenants served by a district heating plant located in Sweden. To do that, the daily temperature request of each household in the associated pilot region is obtained, and the daily temperature profile of each household is optimized with the help of the proposed decision support system and smart valves. The hot water inflow rates of radiators are remotely controlled via smart valves at each flat to minimize the total energy consumption, carbon emission and cost associated with the energy consumption of the district heating plant. We aim to shave the peak demands while fully satisfying the temperature requests of households without violating their thermal comfort. Peak demand shaving is achieved by generating preheating schedules via mathematical optimization and using the thermal storage potential of the insulated flats. The resulting mathematical optimization model presents significant computational challenges that cannot be efficiently solved using optimization solvers within a reasonable time limit. To this end, we develop three genetic algorithm approaches that are computationally scalable for realistically-sized instances and verified to yield near-optimal solutions for the test instances. Extensive numerical analyses show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the genetic algorithm since we yield significant carbon emission reduction and cost savings compared with the method that the experts of the utility company propose.Turkish Science Academy ; TÜBİTA
A review on sensory parameters and evaluation methods of plant-based protein foods
No full textPlant-based protein foods are important products for sustainability, health, and ecosystem. Although vegans/vegetarians prefer these products, they have not received a widespread popularity due to significant differences in sensory properties and consumer experience compared to animal-based foods. Hence, sensory evaluation is the key in product development of these products. In this review, sensory techniques used for dairy, meat, egg, fish, and seafood analogs were analysed. Most studies involved affective and descriptive methods, and comparison of the sensory properties to see the gaps between plant-based and animal-based products. Parameters forming repetitive pattern in all studies are texture, appearance, aroma, flavor, and odor. Number of reported studies conducted on dairy and meat substitutes is higher than other categories. Egg analog sensory tests are developing especially with different applications like mayonnaise. However, there is a lack in fish and seafood substitute area. For now, the central issue in plant-based food development is to mimic flavor and textural properties. Therefore, there is a need in sensory research on these complex plant-based protein analogs with a range of different quality attributes to set the industrial standards, the research should be conducted in a variety of applications speeding up to launch alternatives for the interested consumers
Endogenous reactive transshipment prices eliminate proactive transshipments and coordinate reactive transshipments
No full textThis paper studies independent retailers who can cooperate with transshipments. It is the first to prove that retailers can maximize their profits with no proactive transshipments by deploying only reactive transshipments, if and only if reactive transshipment prices are endogenous. Retailers seek mutually acceptable prices for reactive transshipments. A time and inventory-dependent price interval, if nonempty, includes all of the coordinating reactive transshipment prices that yield the centralized profit; if empty, reactive transshipment is unacceptable for one of the retailers
Environmental tests and reliability characterization of pixel-sized colloidal QDs for next-generation display technologies
No full textThis study investigates integrating pixelated colloidal quantum dot (QD) layers into LCDs to enhance color conversion and pixel-level enrichment for future display technologies. We developed miniature prototypes with pixel-sized QD color-converter layers seamlessly integrated into the backlight unit (BLU). The prototypes, featuring red- and green-emitting QD pixels with a single blue LED on glass substrates, underwent rigorous environmental tests such as Thermal Shock Test (TST), Thermal Cycle Test (TCT), High Temperature High Humidity Test (HHT), and Low Temperature Test (LTT). The assessment covered the uniformity of light, spectral radiance, and CIE color coordinates, revealing insights into the performance of the QD layers through the analysis of pre- and post-environmental tests. Despite a decrease in luminance, the QD layers exhibited resilience against rapid temperature variations, enduring thermal shock, and thermal cycle tests without cracking. However, high-temperature and high-humidity conditions revealed susceptibility. Low-temperature stress tests demonstrated stable color gamut coordinates with no discernible shifts. This research fills a notable gap in the existing literature by conducting comprehensive environmental tests on pixel-sized QD utilization in display technologies, providing valuable insights to enhance the stability, durability, and reliability of QD displays
Scalable primal heuristics using graph neural networks for combinatorial optimization
No full textBy examining the patterns of solutions obtained for various instances, one can gain insights into the structure and behavior of combinatorial optimization (CO) problems and develop efficient algorithms for solving them. Machine learning techniques, especially Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), have shown promise in parametrizing and automating this laborious design process. The inductive bias of GNNs allows for learning solutions to mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulations of constrained CO problems with a relational representation of decision variables and constraints. The trained GNNs can be leveraged with primal heuristics to construct high-quality feasible solutions to CO problems quickly. However, current GNN-based end -to -end learning approaches have limitations for scalable training and generalization on larger-scale instances; therefore, they have been mostly evaluated over small-scale instances. Addressing this issue, our study builds on sup ervised learning of optimal solutions to the downscaled instances of given large-scale CO problems. We introduce several improvements on a recent GNN model for CO to generalize on instances of a larger scale than those used in training. We also propose a two-stage primal heuristic strategy based on uncertainty-quantification to automatically configure how solution search relies on the predicted decision values. Our models can generalize on 16x upscaled instances of commonly benchmarked five CO problems. Unlike the regressive performance of existing GNN-based CO approaches as the scale of problems increases, the CO pipelines using our models offer an incremental performance improvement relative to CPLEX. The proposed uncertainty-based primal heuristics provide 6-75% better optimality gap values and 45-99% better primal gap values for the 16x upscaled instances and brings immense speedup to obtain high-quality solutions. All these gains are achieved through a computationally efficient modeling approach without sacrificing solution quality.TÜBİTA
Modeling state of health in li-ion cells: aging analysis and cycle performance validation
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of the aging behavior and cycle performance of commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells, with the objective of developing accurate State of Health (SoH) estimation models. Empirical data were collected through a series of cycling experiments at varied current, depth of discharge (DoD) ratings, and cycle targets, thereby creating a robust data pool. Utilizing this data, two distinct SoH estimation models were generated. The first model is a detailed analysis incorporating parameters such as cycle count, depth of discharge, and charge current. The second model is based on direct current internal resistance (DCIR) and the number of cycles. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the detailed model, developed using fine mesh tree modeling, significantly outperforms the basic linear regression model in terms of accuracy. Nevertheless, both models are viable for SoH estimation, with the simpler model offering ease of control and implementation. These models are intended to assess the SoH levels of cells collected from customers and field applications for second-life usage.IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES
Analyzing the added value of common data environments for organizational and project performance of bim-based projects
No full textUsing common data environments (CDEs) adds value to BIM-based construction projects' organizational and project performance. However, CDEs are used very limitedly in the construction industry. One of the reasons for the limited implementation of CDEs can be associated with the need for construction companies' knowledge about the positive impacts of CDEs on performance management. A well-structured CDE can provide countless benefits and promote long-term improvements in construction projects and organizations, increasing their business success. Despite the acknowledged importance of CDEs, research needs to investigate the impacts of CDEs on project and organizational performance considering the construction KPIs. This study aims to reveal (1) how the CDEs facilitate performance measurement in the construction phase of BIM-based projects and (2) how the CDEs positively affect the project and organizational performance in the construction phase of BIM-based projects. This scope uses seven construction KPIs: time, cost, quality, safety, productivity, organizational sustainability, and client satisfaction. This study conducts a systematic literature review, semi-structured interviews with five subject-matter experts, and the two-rounded Delphi method to fulfill the research objective. The results show that implementing the CDEs in the construction phase of BIM-based projects positively affects productivity, quality, and time KPIs, followed by organizational sustainability, cost, client satisfaction, and safety, respectively. This research contributes to collating and uncovering the added value of CDEs for the organizational and performance management of BIM-based projects. Accordingly, this study would increase the awareness of construction companies about 'how they can benefit from the data located in the CDEs from project management through knowledge management in the best way.Publisher versio
15. yüzyıl Osmanlı mutfağında baharat dili.
No full textSpices appeared as objects of desire in Ancient and Medieval Europe due to their medicinal benefits and their value as luxury goods. In the Middle Ages, European spice consumption reached its highest point in history and existing supply routes became unable to meet demand. This situation pushed the authorities to search for new supply systems, and this search resulted in the discovery of America. To understand the reflections of the desire for spices, which had such a great impact on world history, in the Ottoman Empire, the recipes in a 15th century Ottoman cooking manuscript called Kitâbü't-Tabîh written by one of the Ottoman physicians of the period, Shirvani is analyzed. The recipes of this cookbook are examined one by one in order to distinguish the spices used at that time. Dried coriander, cinnamon, cumin, black pepper and mastic are the most common ingredients used in the recipes. Camphor and musk are used in very few desserts. Unlike the original recipes translated in Shirvani’s cookbook, the recipes added by the author contain a limited variety of spices. The fact that there is a limited variety of spices in the recipes added by Shirvani, leads us to the conclusion that the use of spices in 15th century Ottoman cuisine differs both from medieval Arab and European cuisines.Baharatlar, tıbbı faydaları ve lüks tüketim maddesi olarak değerlendirmeleri sebebiyle Antik Dönem ve Ortaçağ Avrupa’sında arzu nesnesi olarak karşımıza çıkar. Ortaçağ’da, Avrupalıların baharat tüketimi tarihin en doruk noktasına ulaşır ve var olan tedarik yolları talebi karşılayamaz hale gelir. Bu durum otoriteleri yeni tedarik sistemleri aramaya iter ve bu arayış Amerika’nın keşfi ile sonuçlanır. Dünya tarihinde bu denli büyük etkileri olan baharat aşkının Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki yansımalarını anlamak için 15. Yüzyıl Osmanlı mutfağı özelindeki tek yemek kitabı olan dönemin Osmanlı hekimlerinden Şirvani'nin Kitâbü't-Tabîh'inde yer alan tarifler tek tek incelenerek tariflerde kullanılan baharatlar tespit edilmiştir. Tariflerde en çok kuru kişniş, tarçın, kimyon, karabiber, damla sakızı karşımıza çıkarken. Tatlıların pek azında kafur ve misk kullanımı görülür. Şirvani’nin kitabındaki çeviri tariflerden farklı olarak yazarın eklediği tarifler çok az bir seçkide baharat içerir. Şirvani’nin kendi eklediği tariflerde çok az baharat olması bizlere 15. Yüzyıl Osmanlı mutfağının baharat kullanımında Ortaçağ Arap ve 15. Yüzyıl Avrupa mutfaklarından farklı olduğu sonucuna götürür
Cultural values and parental psychology: A multilevel analysis from the joint effort toddler temperament consortium
No full textThe present study aims to gain a greater understanding of the manner in which culture may impact parenting and, thus, child development by examining the relationship between cultural values, socialization goals (SGs), and parental ethnotheories (PEs). Specifically, this study examined links between cultural value dimensions (i.e., individualism/collectivism, power distance, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence/restraint, and long-term/short-term orientation; Hofstede et al., 2010) and autonomous as well as relational SGs and PEs. We examined data collected from mothers of toddlers (N = 865) between 17 and 40 months of age (M = 26.88 months, SD = 5.65 months; 52% boys) from 14 nations represented in the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium. We hypothesized that: (a) Cultural values consistent with independent cultural ideals would be positively associated with SGs and PEs representative of greater autonomy and independence, and (b) Cultural values consistent with interdependent ideals would be positively associated with SGs and PEs representative of greater interrelatedness. Multilevel modeling was used to regress parental psychology on Hofstede's cultural values. Support for these hypotheses was somewhat mixed; higher ratings of culture-level indulgence were associated with higher autonomous PEs, as well as with higher relational and autonomous SGs. Furthermore, higher ratings of culture-level masculinity were associated with lower relational PEs and with lower autonomous SGs. The results suggest differences in the effects for cultural values associated with parenting versus cultural values associated with child outcomes and highlight considerations related to dichotomous cultural frameworks. The findings help explain both individual- and country-level variations in aspects of parental psychology