5916 research outputs found
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Toward one-second latency: Evolution of live media streaming
No full textThis survey presents the evolution of live media streaming and the technological developments behind today’s IP-based low-latency live streaming systems. Live streaming primarily involves capturing, encoding, packaging and delivering real-time events such as live sports, live news, personal broadcasts and surveillance videos. Live streaming also involves concurrent streaming of linear TV programming off the satellite, cable, over-the-air or IPTV broadcast, where the programming is not necessarily a real-time event. The survey starts with a discussion on the latency and latency continuum in streaming applications. Then, it lays out the existing live streaming workflows and protocols, followed by an in-depth analysis of the latency sources in these workflows and protocols. The survey continues with the technology enablers, low-latency extensions for the popular HTTP adaptive streaming methods and enhancements for robust low-latency playback. An entire section is dedicated to the detailed summary and findings of Twitch’s grand challenge on low-latency live streaming. The survey concludes with a discussion of ongoing research problems in this space. We expect this survey to be the one-stop reference for those who would like to learn how low-latency live streaming has evolved and works today, and what further developments could happen in the future
Fostering organizational innovation in SMEs through employee-driven innovation: The role of IB-HRM practices and empowering leadership
No full textIn the contemporary dynamic and complex business environment, innovation is a key driver of firms' growth, adaptability, and competitiveness. This is particularly crucial for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which contribute significantly to global economies but face unique challenges in fostering innovation. With limited resources, SMEs rely heavily on their employees to drive innovation, underlining the need to understand the key factors that stimulate employee innovativeness. This study investigates how innovation-based human resource management (IB-HRM) practices, in conjunction with empowering leadership, foster innovative behaviors among employees in SMEs, thereby enhancing organizational innovation performance. Using a time-lagged, multi-source research design, we collected data from 619 employees and 147 SME managers/owners across three time periods. The results reveal that IB-HRM practices and empowering leadership positively and indirectly impact employees' innovative behaviors in SMEs through a supportive organizational climate for innovation. Moreover, the results indicate a significant positive relationship between innovative behaviors and organizational innovation performance, including product, process, administrative/managerial innovations, and innovation outputs (e.g., patents, copyrights). These findings deepen the theoretical understanding of the structural factors driving employee innovation in SMEs and provide empirical validation for the employee-driven innovation in SMEs.TÜBİTA
Ceo overconfidence across the firm lifecycle: effects on accounting outcomes and stock market reactions
No full textThis study explores the relationship between CEO overconfidence and firm performance across different stages of the firm life cycle. Previous research has shown that an overconfident CEO's personality can influence key decisions related to investments, financial reporting, and broader corporate policies. A firm's evolution is shaped by shifts in both internal factors, such as investment and managerial choices, and external factors like industry trends and economic conditions. The existing literature suggests that the various stages of a firm's life cycle significantly affect decision-making processes and profitability. Our findings indicate that firms led by overconfident CEOs exhibit varying performance outcomes and abnormal returns depending on the firm's life cycle stage. Notably, firms tend to outperform and achieve positive future performance (abnormal stock market returns) during the growth mature and shakeout (growth and mature) stages. However, they experience weaker accounting performance during the decline stage. In addition, cross-sectional tests reveal that, in the decline stage, firms with a better information environment do not experience the negative impact of CEO overconfidence on future accounting performance
Leadership and global diversity management: Challenges and solutions through participatory theater framework
No full textThis chapter examines the challenges of applying effective global diversity management (GDM) and suggests solutions by introducing a comprehensive approach to leadership, the Participatory Theater Framework (PTF). We discuss how traditional leadership approaches have overlooked the role of all organizational members in shaping leadership outcomes. We propose PTF as an inclusive leadership framework that recognizes the agency of all individuals. PTF views leadership as a multilevel process unfolding at individual, subgroup, and group levels. It emphasizes concepts such as individual agency, voice, and multilevel participation as core for effective GDM. We analyze the strengths and limitations of top-down and bottom-up approaches to GDM, proposing an integrated approach based on the insights from PTF as well as solutions such as encouraging multilevel participation, nurturing individual agency, and amplifying diverse voices. The chapter concludes that PTF provides a nuanced understanding of leading diverse global workforces. By incorporating PTF principles into their GDM initiatives, organizations can build inclusive cultures that leverage diversity as a strategic asset
FBQM-VIS: Fourier based query mixing for online video instance segmentation
No full textWe propose using Fourier Based Query Mixing (FBQM), a mechanism that replaces conventional trainable scale-dot-product based attention mechanism with non-trainable Fourier transforms, in online video instance segmentation (VIS) models. We integrate FBQM into four state-of-the-art transformer-based online VIS frameworks and report our experimental results
Teacher well-being and teaching immunity: Intersections and insights from a PhD dissertation
No full textTeacher well-being and teaching immunity have increasingly become central themes in contemporary educational research, particularly as educators face mounting professional, social, and emotional demands. This study explores the intersections between teacher well-being and teaching immunity, drawing on insights from a doctoral dissertation that examines how educators navigate challenges, sustain motivation, and maintain resilience in complex teaching contexts. Teacher well-being is conceptualized as the balance between personal fulfillment, professional efficacy, and socio-emotional stability, while teaching immunity is understood as a dynamic system of protective mechanisms—both adaptive and maladaptive—that teachers construct to cope with classroom realities. Using a mixed-methods design, the research investigates the ways in which these two constructs overlap, complement, and sometimes conflict, shaping the professional lives of teachers. The results revealed that relationship, accomplishment, and engagement are significantly predictive of the participants’ well-being. The meaning and positive emotions are not predictors of well-being. For immunity, the qualitative results suggest that while all the significance values or coefficient sig values are smaller than .05, meaning that the prediction ability of the relevant subscales is significant (teaching self- efficacy, resilience, attitudes towards teaching, openness to experience, and classroom affectivity), the value for burnout is non-significant. Based on these findings, the study provides pedagogical implications and suggestions for integrating well-being and immunity in teacher-education programs for in-service teachers
Entrepreneurial back-to-landers: How neo-farmers in Turkey choose where to settle
No full textRecently, a new trajectory of urban-to-rural migration has begun to emerge in the Turkish countryside. This trajectory consists of primarily white-collar workers, born and raised in the cities, with no background in agriculture, leaving their jobs in the cities, moving to villages and taking up farming. In this paper, through semi-structured interviews with 83 such 'neo-farmers,' I explore how they choose where to settle. I argue that even though they are concentrated in the Marmara, the Aegean and the western Mediterranean regions, commonly considered as vacation resorts with easy access to major cities, this concentration does not indicate a desire to continue urban habits and lifestyles. Rather, I show that they choose where to settle through a tradeoff between new lifestyle priorities, and political, social and economic constraints. I argue that economic and non-economic factors act as priorities and constraints, and that the eventual choice rests on a complex calculation, determined, in the final stage, by non-economic factors; more precisely, migrants' perceptions of the social and the political leanings of the larger community into which they are thinking of moving, and their thoughts on whether they can fit in or not.TÜBİTA
Formation of Görtler vortices in an open-end pressure swirl atomize
No full textIn pressure swirl atomizers, a two-phase swirling flow occurs when liquid is introduced through tangential ports into the swirl chamber. Due to the interactions among jets from neighboring inlets, flow instabilities and non-uniform spray patterns can occur. These three-dimensional effects raise concerns about the accuracy of two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations. The authors investigate whether a purely axisymmetric ring-like inlet surface can eliminate flow non-uniformities, although such designs often require exceptional inlet configurations. This study focuses on open-end pressure swirl atomizers, as closed-end designs are more prone to separation downstream of contraction. High-fidelity three-dimensional flow simulations using the Volume of Fluid and Quasi Direct Numerical Simulation methods are performed. While the primary performance parameters-such as discharge coefficient and spray angle-show no significant differences between two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations, the three-dimensional simulations reveal Gortler vortices within the liquid film. Although these vortices lead to slight differences in velocity profiles, they contribute to a vortical non-uniform velocity field at the injector exit, resulting in wrinkled waves in the spray film. Furthermore, simulation with axial swirling film inlet condition indicates that Gortler vortices can develop without flow separation, still causing spray film wrinkling. These findings suggest that Gortler vortices can negatively impact atomization and lead to non-uniform spray distribution, regardless of the inlet quality.Ozyegin Universit
Integrating design practices and digital fabrication tools into culinary education: Bridging design and professional development in gastronomy
No full textThis study examines the integration of design practices and digital fabrication tools into a gastronomy class at the undergraduate level. Based on surveys and semi-formal observations conducted throughout the semester, the research explores how students incorporated design approaches and digital tools into their food preparation and presentation processes, and how these practices contributed to the development of their professional skills. The preliminary insights gathered from this study highlight not only students experience in prototyping molds and templates but also the potential impact of these acquired skills on their career preparedness. Ultimately, the study provides valuable insights into the role of digital tools and design processes in gastronomic education, emphasizing how they enhance creative thinking and the ability to generate innovative solutions.Publisher versio
Optimizing washing machine production at vestel: A matheuristic approach to planning and scheduling
No full textThis research presents an optimisation framework, developed with Vestel, a prominent white goods manufacturer, to enhance production planning in their washing machine factory. The proposed model simultaneously optimises decisions on lot sizing, machine scheduling, shift assignments, and workforce planning over a multi-period horizon, subject to constraints such as machine-part compatibility, setup times, capacity limits, and shift regulations, to minimise total cost while meeting demand. To address the computational complexity of the problem, we develop a tailored matheuristic algorithm that yields near-optimal solutions within practical computation times, enabling efficient solution of large-scale instances. In addition, an industry-inspired planning heuristic based on Vestel's practice is implemented as a baseline for benchmarking. The results of the case study demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves up to 19% cost savings compared to the Vestel-inspired heuristic, while delivering solutions with total costs within a few percent of those obtained by a commercial solver. Moreover, unlike the solver, which frequently fails to return feasible solutions for longer horizons, the matheuristic reliably generates high quality solutions across tested dimensions, underscoring both its computational efficiency and scalability. These findings highlight the practical applicability of the integrated model and matheuristic for complex production planning problems in industrial settings.TÜBİTA