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Bayes yaklaşımı kullanılarak konuşmacı doğrulama sistemleri için belirsizlik değerlendirmesi
No full textThe Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems are developed to discriminate the genuine speakers from the spoofing attacks and they are also used as a security application in various industries (e.g., Banking and telephone-based systems). The spoofing countermeasure systems (SCS) are important for the ASV systems to pro tect themselves against spoofing attacks. In general, the SCSs are developed using the cross entropy loss function and the softmax classification layer to perform the best classification scores. Even though the softmax function is popularly used as a classification layer for the deep neural network tasks, it increases the uncertainty of the estimated class probabilities by squishing the probabilistic predictions of the pre dictive models. The aim of this work was to decrease uncertainty of the conventional cross entropy metrics and softmax function SCS by using the Bayesian approach. To accomplish this, multiple SCSs were developed to outperform the base system of the Automatic Speaker Verification Spoofing and Countermeasures 2017 Challenge. The Bayesian approach was applied to the best model (e.g., the model which performed the lowest EER score) to decrease the uncertainty of the conventional cross entropy met rics and softmax function SCS. The uncertainty of the both systems were compared with the probability distribution function, AUC value and the ROC curve. As it can be observed from the ROC curve, the Bayesian network decreased the uncertainty of the conventional cross entropy metrics and softmax function SCS by increasing AUC value 14%. Also the Bayesian network has provided the lowest EER score (16.79%) by outperforming the base system of the ASV spoof 2017 challenge.Otomatik Konuşmacı Doğrulama (OKD) sistemleri, gerçek konuşmacıları, sahte konuş macılardan ayırt edebilmek için ve aynı zamanda bazı sektörlerde (Örn; Bankacılık, telekominikasyon) güvenlik sistemi oluşturma amacı ile kullanılmaktadır. Sahte konuş macı önleme (SKÖ) sistemleri, OKD sitemlerinin kendilerini sahte konuşmacılara karşı koruyabilmeleri açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Genellikle SKÖ sistemleri, en iyi sınıflandırma performansını elde edebilmek için, çapraz entropi kaybı fonksiyonu ve softmax sınıflandırma fonksiyonu kullanarak geliştirilirler. Softmax sınıflandırma fonksiyonu derin öğrenme alanında birçok defa kullanılmasına rağmen, SKÖ sis temlerinin ürettiği tahmini olasılık değerlerinde sıkıştırılmaya sebep olarak, olasılık değerlerinin belirsizlik ölçümlerinde artışa sebep olabilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın asıl amacı, Bayes teorisini kullanarak geleneksel çapraz entropi kaybı ve softmax fonksiy onu SKÖ sistemlerindeki softmax kaynaklı belirsizlik değerlernin düşmesini sağla maktır. Bunu yapabilmek için, Otomatik Konuşmacı Doğrulama ve Sahte Konuş macı Önleme (OKDSKÖ 2017) 2017 yarışmasına birden fazla SKÖ sistemi geliştir ilmiştir ve bu sistemlerin arasından en yüksek sınıflandırma başarısını gösterebilen sisteme Bayes teorisi uygulanmıştır. Sistemlerdeki belirsizlik ölçümlerini karşılaştır mak amacı ile Olasılık Dağılım Fonksiyonu (ODF), Eğri Altında Kalan Alan (EAKA) ve Alıcı Operasyon Karakteristiği (AOK) eğrisi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Bayes teorisi ile yapılandırılan sistemin, geleneksel çapraz entropi kaybı ve softmax fonksiyonu SKÖ sisteminin EAKA değerini 14% yükselterek, geleneksel sistemin be lirsizlik değerini düşürdüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, Bayes sistemi en başarılı Eşit Hata Oranı (EHO) değerini üreterek (16.79%), OKDSKÖ 2017 yarışmasında kullanılan temel sistemden daha üstün bir başarı elde etmiştir
Regularized stochastic team problems
No full textIn this paper, we introduce regularized stochastic team problems. Under mild assumptions, we prove that there exists a unique fixed point of the best response operator, where this unique fixed point is the optimal regularized team decision rule. Then, we establish an asynchronous distributed algorithm to compute this optimal strategy. We also provide a bound that shows how the optimal regularized team decision rule performs in the original stochastic team problem
Measurements of the differential cross sections of the production of Z + jets and γ + jets and of Z boson emission collinear with a jet in pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV
No full textMeasurements of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production, and their ratio, are presented as a function of the boson transverse momentum. Measurements are also presented of the angular distribution between the Z boson and the closest jet. The analysis is based on pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The results, corrected for detector effects, are compared with various theoretical predictions. In general, the predictions at higher orders in perturbation theory show better agreement with the measurements. This work provides the first measurement of the ratio of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production at 13 TeV, as well as the first direct measurement of Z bosons emitted collinearly with a jet.BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).
Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" -390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary);the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Lebanese CNRS and the Lebanese University(Lebanon); the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonatabis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. 0723-2020-0041 (Russia); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).Publisher versio
The interrelationship between tourist satisfaction and experiences: How does one contribute to the other?
No full textAmong all the other emotions, perhaps satisfaction can be the most common one which has been extensively studied. The majority of these studies examine this emotion as an outcome of the perceived performance of products and services consumed or the personal experience attained. However, today, experience has become such a dynamic and complex concept that generates spontaneous satisfaction moments (moments of truth) that may or may not contribute to the level of overall satisfaction at the end of experience process. These satisfaction moments may also affect one’s decision to continue with experiencing. The most widely known example is the first impression that is supposed to be created at the very first moments of experience in a hotel in order to strengthen the memorability of the experience. This chapter aims to discuss this inter-relationship between satisfaction and experience based on the findings of an empirical study conducted with the focus of hospitality experiences in five-star hotels. Hotels serve such a fruitful research domain to analyze the experience concept based on the complex form constructed with various and hybrid sub-experiences. Satisfaction triggered by these sub-experiences may affect the overall perceptions of experiences. Through the outputs of narrative analysis, the findings show how people evaluate their hospitality experience as memorable in relation to experience components and how the overall experience is perceived if satisfaction is the expressed outcome
A research by design strategy for climate adaptation solutions: Implementation in the low-density, high flood risk context of the lake district, UK
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to propose a research by design strategy, focusing on the generation of innovative climate adaptation solutions by utilizing the Design Thinking Process. The proposed strategy has been developed and tested in a research and design studio, which took place in 2020 at a Master of Architecture degree program in the Netherlands. The studios focused on the sparsely populated, high flood risk region of the Lake District, UK. The Lake District faces urgent climate change challenges that demand effective solutions. On the other hand, the area is a UNESCO heritage site, characterized by massive tourism and tending towards museumification (sic). Three indicative design research projects were selected to illustrate the proposed research by design strategy. The results reveal that this strategy facilitates the iterative research by design process and hence offers a systematic approach to convert the threats of climate change into opportunities by unraveling the potentials of the study area. The findings lay the groundwork for more systematic studies on research by design as an effective strategy for climate change adaptation design. Beyond the local case, the results contribute to the critical theories on climate adaptation design and research by design methodologies.Publisher versio
Dynamics of global stock market correlations: the VIX and attention allocation
No full textThis paper investigates the dynamics of international stock return correlations between the U.S., the U.K., Germany and France. Estimated correlations are modeled in an ARDL framework to evaluate how the market-wide uncertainty in the U.S. affects international stock market comovements. Results show that a shock to the VIX leads to increases in cross-county correlations in the following week and that the correlations tend to decline in the second week that follows the shock. The revealed time pattern of the effect of the VIX may be explained in a behavioral framework through investors’ attention reallocation mechanism
Numerical discretization of stochastic oscillators with generalized numerical integrators
No full textIn this study, we propose a numerical scheme for stochastic oscillators with additive noise obtained by the method of variation of constants formula using generalized numerical integrators. For both of the displacement and the velocity components, we show that the scheme has an order of 3/2 in one step convergence and a first order in overall convergence. Theoretical statements are supported by numerical experiments.Publisher versio
The right to self-preservation? corporeal considerations in the leviathan
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Managerial discretion and efficiency of internal capital markets
No full textI use the staggered adoption of state-level antitakeover laws to provide causal evidence that managerial agency problems reduce the allocative efficiency of conglomerate firms. I find that increases in control slack following the passage of antitakeover laws reduces q-sensitivity of investment by 64%. The adverse impact of the laws appears mostly at conglomerate firms that benefited from disciplinary takeover threats prior to the passage of the laws, lacked alternative sources of pressure on management, or had the structural makings to fuel wasteful influence activities and power struggles among managers. These findings suggest that takeover threats impact the efficiency of resource allocation
Let’s negotiate with jennifer! towards a speech-based human-robot negotiation
No full textSocial robots are becoming prevalent in our society, and most of the time, they need to interact with humans in order to accomplish their tasks. Negotiation is one of the inevitable processes they need to be involved to make joint decisions with their human counterparts when there is a conflict of interest between them. This paper pursues a novel approach for a humanoid robot to negotiate with humans efficiently via speech. In this work, we propose a speech-based negotiation protocol in which agents make their offers in a turn-taking fashion via speech. We present a variant of time-based concession bidding strategy for the humanoid robot and evaluated the performance of the robot against human counterpart in human-robot negotiation experiments