5916 research outputs found
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From managers to employees to customers: The hidden toll of technology-induced workload
No full textRetailers like Walmart, Target, and Home Depot have adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), leading to cost savings and efficient inventory and supply chain management. However, some companies, such as Nike, Waste Management, and Lidl, have faced challenges in transitioning from old to new systems, marked by changes in employee behavior, increased workload, and rising stress levels. Although extant literature focuses on employees' technology-induced workload, limited insight exists into whether and how such workload transpired by ERP is transmitted from managers to employees and the implications on customer service. To address these gaps, we draw on the conservation of resources theory, utilizing multilevel and multirespondent data collected during the initial phases of ERP implementation in retail stores. We find an indirect crossover effect of technology-induced workload from managers to employees, mediated through manager close monitoring, and an indirect effect of manager technology-induced workload on customer-directed sabotage, serially mediated by manager close monitoring and employee technology-induced workload. Furthermore, surface acting amplifies the impact of employee technology-induced workload on customer-directed sabotage. The study contributes to the discourse between technology-induced workload as a technology-related stressor and customer service, two areas that have evolved in parallel fashion without much cross-pollination
Technology-mediated collaboration among children with special educational needs: Definitions and measurements
No full textIn this paper, we present the results from a systematic literature review on technology-mediated collaboration among children with special educational needs. The review is based on searches in four databases and focuses specifically on definitions and measurements for collaboration between children mediated by digital technology. Although collaboration is often vaguely defined in the reviewed literature, the paper contributes with an overview of various definitions, measurements, and common references, which together with recommendations for future work can be helpful when designing technologies for collaboration among children with special educational needs.Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF)Publisher versio
Asymptotically optimal energy consumption and inventory control in a make-to-stock manufacturing system
No full textWe study a make-to-stock manufacturing system in which a single server makes the production. The server consumes energy, and its power consumption depends on the server state: a busy server consumes more power than an idle server, and an idle server consumes more power than a turned-off server. When a server is turned on, it completes a costly set-up process that lasts a while. We jointly control the finished goods inventory and the server's energy consumption. The objective is to minimize the long-run average inventory holding, backorder, and energy consumption costs by deciding when to produce, when to idle or turn off the server, and when to turn on a turned-off server. Because the exact analysis of the problem is challenging, we consider the asymptotic regime in which the server is in the conventional heavy-traffic regime. We formulate a Brownian control problem (BCP) with impulse and singular controls. In the BCP, the impulse control appears due to server shutdowns, and the singular control appears due to server idling. Depending on the system parameters, the optimal BCP solution is either a control-band or barrier policy. We propose a simple heuristic control policy from the optimal BCP solution that can easily be implemented in the original (non-asymptotic) system. Furthermore, we prove the asymptotic optimality of the proposed control policy in a Markovian setting. Finally, we show that our proposed policy performs close to optimal in numerical experiments.TÜBİTAK ; European Union's Horizon 2020 ; Türkiye Bilimler Akademis
Analytical modeling of time-varying and dispersive metasurfaces with surface susceptibility operators
No full textWith the advent of new fabrication technologies, time-varying metasurfaces have emerged as novel platforms for exotic waveform shaping in microwaves and optics, providing an additional degree of freedom to design dynamically controllable and reconfigurable scatterers. Nevertheless, inherent structural properties and material dispersion significantly complicate the computational analysis of such time-varying structures, highlighting the importance of efficient and intuitive analytical approaches that are generalizable to a wide class of meta-atom topologies and temporal modulation profiles. In this work, surface susceptibilities under generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs), widely used to model metasurfaces, are extended to a compact and tractable operator form for the frequency-domain analysis of metasurfaces with arbitrary temporal modulation and material dispersion. By virtue of this formalism, we derive the time-variant versions of simple surface susceptibility formulas for periodic arrays of freestanding and substrated dipolar scatterers through the use of appropriate polarizabilities. The applicability of the proposed approach to the characterization of reflective and transmissive properties of pulsed and Floquet metasurfaces is demonstrated and verified against full-wave simulations
From imposition to concession, from compliance to resistance: Creating a Harvard Business School clone in a Turkish university, 1954–1965
No full textDrawing on archival sources, this study traces the early history of the 'Turkish Institute of Business Administration', established in 1954 within the Faculty of Economics at Istanbul University with Ford Foundation (FF) funding and Harvard Business School (HBS) guidance. The historical narrative describes what transpired on both the American and Turkish sides during this FF-HBS-initiated and directed transfer process. Through this account, the article contributes to the literature on post-World War II American influence on business education in three ways: First, it highlights how direct American interventions were shaped by who in the United States was involved, and when. Second, it demonstrates how tensions and power relations between the FF and HBS influenced both the direction and the outcome of the transfer. Finally, the process-based account shows how and why the reception of an imposed American model involved both full adoption and some significant deviations
Çocuk-bilgisayar etkileşiminde iç motivasyon: Bir kapsam incelemesi
No full textChild-computer interaction research focuses on the design of technologies that support the learning processes of children. Intrinsic motivation is an important factor that influences children's interactions with technology and their learning processes. However, the relationship between technology and children's intrinsic motivation in learning processes has not yet been sufficiently examined. In this review, we examine how intrinsic motivation is defined and measured in relation to learning and technology design in the child-computer interaction (CCI) research field. Forthis purpose, we conducted a scoping review in the leading venues of CCI research: the International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction and the ACM Digital Library. This eventually resulted in 27 publications that used the word stem'intrinsic motiv*' in the title, abstract, and keywords. Our analysis revealed that intrinsic motivation is commonly defined as an inherent characteristic of the learner and is associated with the characteristics outlined in Self-Determination Theory in the field of psychology. Approximately half of these studies (15 studies) used experimental methodology and a quantitative research approach. The remaining studies were highly varied and included case studies, observations, interviews and surveys, user studies, field trials, and secondary data analysis using qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method research approaches. Although most of the experimental studies highlighted the link between intrinsic motivation and learning, only six studies measured whether there is an increase in children's learning outcomes, constituting only 20% of the entire corpus. We discuss the implications of these findings for technology design, CCI research, and finding ways to improve children's learning in different contexts. The main contribution of this scoping review is to provide suggestions for future research about methods of assessing intrinsic motivation in children's learning. Accordingly, future directions that will shed light on the research on technology designs developed to support children's intrinsic motivation in the learning process are discussed.Çocuk-bilgisayar etkileşimi araştırma alanında çocukların öğrenme süreçlerini destekleyen tasarımlara yer verilmektedir. İç motivasyon, çocukların teknoloji ile etkileşimlerini ve öğrenme süreçlerini etkileyebilecek önemli bir unsurdur. Ancak, teknolojinin çocukların öğrenme süreçlerindeki iç motivasyonu ile olan ilişkisi henüz yeterince irdelenmemiştir. Bu makalede, çocuk-bilgisayar etkileşimi araştırmalarında iç motivasyonun nasıl tanımlandığı, ölçüldüğü ve değerlendirildiği araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla çocuk-bilgisayar etkileşimi alanında önde gelen yayın mecraları olan ACM Digital Library ve the International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction’da kapsam incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak başlık, özet ve anahtar kelimeleri içinde “iç motivasyon” kelime kökü yer alan 27 yayın derlememize dahil edilmiştir. Bu yayınları incelememiz sonucunda iç motivasyonun öğrenene özgü/ öğrenenin doğasında olan bir özellik olarak tanımlandığı ve psikoloji alanındaki Öz-belirleme kuramındaki özelliklerle ilişkilendirildiği görülmüştür. Derlemede yer alan çalışmaların yaklaşık yarısının (15 çalışma) deneysel bir yöntem ve nicel bir araştırma yaklaşımı kullandığı bulunmuştur. Kalan çalışmalar çok çeşitlidir; vaka çalışmaları, gözlem derinlemesine mülakatlar, anket araştırmaları, kullanıcı deneyimi araştırmaları, saha çalışmaları ve ikincil veri analizi gibi yöntemler kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu yöntemlerle birlikte nitel, nicel ve karmaşık-yöntemler olmak üzere farklı araştırma yaklaşımları kullanılmıştır. Deneysel araştırmaların büyük çoğunluğu iç motivasyon ile öğrenme arasındaki ilişkiyi vurgulasa da sadece altı araştırma çocukların öğrenme ve bilgi edinmesinde iç motivasyonun doğrudan bir etkisi olup olmadığını ölçmüştür, bu da tüm derlemin sadece %20’sini oluşturmaktadır. Makalede, bu bulguların etkileri, teknoloji tasarımı, çocuk-bilgisayar etkileşimi araştırmaları ve farklı ortamlarda çocukların öğrenmelerini destekleyici yöntemler bulma konuları kapsamında tartışılmaktadır. Bu incelemenin temel katkısı, iç motivasyonun değerlendirmesinde gelecekte kullanılabilecek yöntemler ile ilgili öneriler sunmasıdır. Buna bağlı olarak, çocukların öğrenme sürecinde iç motivasyonlarını destekleme amacıyla geliştirilen teknoloji tasarımlarına yönelik araştırmalara ışık tutacak çözüm yolları tartışılmaktadır.Publisher versio
Legal design for informed sharenting and consent of the child on social networking sites
No full textChildren are increasingly active in social life through social networking sites and parents have begun sharing more posts including their children's pictures and other personal data. As a result, children's privacy becomes even more susceptible to the infringement of values within the bounds of right to privacy. The term "sharenting"refers to parents and other relatives sharing personal data of the child. Sharenting may cause significant risks that may affect the child all throughout their life such as "digital kidnapping" and potential future bullying among peers. When parents share posts on social networking sites, they essentially provide consent on behalf of the child. Valid consent from the parents and/or child is an important aspect in the infringement of personality rights. In all instances, the children's best interests should be taken into consideration. To raise awareness about protecting children and to ensure that consent is valid, legal design should be implemented in creating information texts. In this study, a system proposal has been developed for posting children's photos on social media, which involves asking questions and displaying warning messages when children's photos are shared. Within this framework, legal design is utilised in order to form clear and more comprehensible texts for users on social media platforms.Publisher versio
Secure and efficient logistic regression with secret-sharing mpc and differential privacy
No full textMachine learning models are being increasingly deployed in sensitive applications where data privacy and model security are of paramount importance. This paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving approach for logistic regression that integrates secret sharing-based multi-party computation (MPC) with differential privacy (DP). Our approach ensures input data confidentiality during training via a three-party MPC protocol that supports mini-batch gradient descent, reducing computational and communication overhead compared to prior MPC methods. To protect the model against membership inference and inversion attacks, we implement DP through direct gradient perturbation that scales efficiently to high-dimensional data while preserving strong & varepsilon;-differential privacy guarantees. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art efficiency without compromising privacy or model accuracy. By addressing both collaborative training privacy and model-level vulnerabilities, our work enables the secure adoption of logistic regression in scenarios requiring strict data confidentiality and robust post-deployment privacy.Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)Publisher versio
Neuro-symbolic ai for supporting chronic disease diagnosis and monitoring
No full textIn remote areas or regions with limited access to medical specialists, there is often a high reliance on telemedicine and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic tools. However, misdiagnoses or inadequate care may occur if the AI system lacks domain knowledge, failing to adhere to medical protocols. Despite the incredible research efforts applying AI in medicine, only a few models have been routinely adopted in medicine, due to issues related to trustworthiness. To address these concerns, Symbolic Knowledge Injection (SKI) has been proposed as a solution: it integrates domain-specific expertise into Machine Learning (ML) models, to improve their predictive capabilities. Despite their promising results in other fields, applicability of SKI in healthcare scenarios has not been thoroughly investigated, yet. Accordingly, in this study, we explore the applicability of a SKI method on medical datasets to evaluate: (i) how the predictive capabilities of ML models changes, (ii) their adherence to the medical protocols, and (iii) their robustness w.r.t. data degradation. Results demonstrate the potential of integrating data-driven models with established medical guidelines by improving different clinically relevant metrics