Covenant Journals (Covenant University)
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Issues Impeding Development in Sub-Sahara African States: A Review
Full text linkThis paper seeks to uncover the root causes and pinpoint the obstacles hindering Africa's development by examining critical governance issues. The paper posits that Africa's progress largely hinges on its political development. Consequently, the study aims to critically analyze and assess the continent's developmental challenges, including bribery, corruption, poor governance, weak political institutions, and undemocratic values. Although these hurdles are significant and numerous, they can be addressed through the enhancement and reinforcement of governance and democratic practices. The significance of this research is profound, as its findings could prove invaluable to policymakers and scholars by identifying problems and suggesting policy recommendations to counteract the issues plaguing the continent. A survey was conducted which include expertise from different fields, to gather insights on Africa's development challenges. The results indicate that, beyond corruption, governance, and leadership, the primary obstacles to Africa's development are the weak institutions responsible for ensuring political accountability. While some African countries have made strides in governance and anti-corruption efforts, substantial institutional reforms are necessary to achieve sustainable development
Implication of Gender-Based Violence on Public Discourse in Akwa Ibom State
Full text linkGender-Based Violence (GBV) has been widely seen as one of the major challenges in today’s society causing public disorder generally and in Akwa Ibom State, specifically. Several cases of GBV have been reported in the state which has raise alarm. Despite the efforts by the government, NGOs and civil society to curb the menace, GBV keeps increasing and manifesting in different ways. This study was therefore conducted to assess the implications of GBV on public disorder in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. To achieve this objective, descriptive research design was adopted and data was obtained from secondary source. It was revealed that the Akwa Ibom State is handling GBV cases through the Ministry of Justice using the Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Law, passed on 10th June, 2019 and assented to on 19th June, 2020 by Governor Udom Emmanuel. It was found that key stakeholders are not adequately equipped; the VAPP Law is still not comprehensive to cover some critical areas of GBV; there is still lack of free protective and legal aid for GBV survivors; Many citizens, especially those at the rural areas still lack knowledge of the existence of laws on GBV related issues; the economic opportunities provided for women are not enough to make them independent. These posed great challenges in handling GBV cases in Akwa Ibom State. It was concluded that twisted traditional practices or beliefs that encourage GBV need to be overhauled by creating a purpose driven framework. Thus, it was recommended among other things that for the efforts of the government in combating GBV in the state to be sustained, key stakeholders such as the police especially, including traditional rulers, youth and women leaders, religious leaders, community health workers, men and boys, community health workers, faith-based groups and NGOs that are playing significant roles in GBV prevention should be adequately equipped. 
Transformational Political Leadership and Sustainable Development in Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Rwanda and Botswana
Full text linkThis study addresses the role of various political leadership approaches to informing sustainable development in Africa using comparative case studies of Rwanda and Botswana. It uses critical comparative case studies of government types—Rwanda's technocractic centralism and Botswana's democratic consensus—to compare core development achievements such as economic growth, social well-being, and resilience of institutions. Rwanda under Paul Kagame has pursued a model of centralized, highperforming governance with high macroeconomic performance as expressed through mean GDP growth rates of 7–8% during the past decade (World Bank, 2023). This has been balanced with improvements in health, education, and gender equality. All have been at the expense of draconian constraints to political freedoms and freedom of the press (Freedom House, 2023). Meanwhile, Botswana's liberal democracy built around free elections and high anti-corruption levels has been followed by high life expectancy and literacy rates (UNDP, 2022), balanced by responsibly managing revenue from the extraction of minerals. Botswana still grapples with income inequality and economic dependence on the extractive sector (Molutsi, 2014). Utilizing qualitative comparative data and secondary data, we examine the role of various leadership patterns and governance modalities in impacting sustainable development pathways. We find that whilst leadership is fundamental, sustainable success is ultimately contingent on institutional maturity, vision-oriented policy-making, and adaptive governance. This study contributes to the existing literature in the area of African development by creating a nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between political leadership frameworks and sustainable development outcomes, with policy reform implications for the continent at large
Green Financing and Its Impact on Entrepreneurship in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector
Full text linkThis study investigates the relationship between green financing and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria, using Techno Oil Limited as a case study. Guided by a positivist research philosophy and a deductive approach, the study employed a descriptive research design and a mono-method strategy, relying on structured questionnaires to collect quantitative data. A total of 107 respondents were purposively selected from the Finance, Sustainability, and Corporate Strategy departments. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, applying descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Results revealed significant challenges to green financing, such as high collateral requirements (77.6% agreement), lack of awareness (92.5%), and policy uncertainty (40.1% agreement). Likewise, entrepreneurship development is constrained by limited access to capital (89.8%), high interest rates (96.2%), and economic instability (96.3%). The correlation analysis showed a statistically significant moderate positive relationship between green financing and entrepreneurship development (r = 0.475, p < 0.01), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The findings underscore the need for policy reforms, awareness campaigns, and flexible financing mechanisms to enhance entrepreneurial growth through green finance in Nigeria
 
Leadership Deficit and the Monday Sit- at-Home in Southeast Region of Nigeria
Full text linkThe Southeast region of Nigeria has been grappling with persistent socio-political challenges since the Fourth Republic dispensation started in 1999. However, one of the most enduring challenges is the enforcement of a "Monday sit-at-home" order, initially issued by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) as a form of protest, but has taken a life of itself since the Federal Government of Nigeria rendered Mazi Nnamdi Kanu from Kenya and incarcerated him in Directorate of State Security dungeon in Abuja since August 2021. The phenomenon which has remained unresolved by the governments at both the region and at the centre has led to significant economic disruptions and heightened insecurity in the region. At the heart of this lingering challenge in the region, lies a critical leadership deficit, characterized by the inability of political and traditional leaders to effectively address the root causes of the unrest and provide sustainable solutions. This paper explored the multifaceted dimensions of the leadership vacuum in the Southeast and attributed the lingering crisis to such a gap. It examined how the phenomenon exacerbated the region's instability and the helplessness of the government to nip it in the bud. The paper analyzes the interplay between ineffective governance, lack of public trust, and the rise of non-state actors filled the leadership void. The paper used documented materials and textual review of the sit-at-home, policy responses, and community impacts, to explain the effect of leadership deficit in the region. The paper underscored the urgent need for robust leadership and strategic engagement of leadership with the people at the grassroot to restore normalcy and foster long-term peace and development that not only impacts positively on the region but in the country as a whole
Marketing Ethical Value and Sustainable Leadership Practices: A Panacea for Integrating Leadership among Stakeholders in Nigeria, West Africa
Full text linkThe study focused on marketing ethical value and sustainable leadership practices which gear towards integrating leadership. The specific objectives were to examine the effect of honesty, transparency and accountability on sustainable leadership practices in Nigeria. This study utilized survey research design. Information was gathered from primary source. The population of the study comprised of selected public and private sector employees across two geopolitical zones (North Central and South West) in Nigeria includes Kogi State and Ekiti state, Nigeria. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 350 respondents from the area for easy collection of data, since the selected respondents were not residing at the same place. Simple linear regression statistical tool was used to test the hypothesis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The findings show that honesty, transparency, accountability have significant effect on sustainable leadership in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that both business organisation managers and government stakeholders should display honesty to attract the loyalty of their subordinates and followers, they should imbibe the spirit of transparency in their course of discharging their duties to foster peace and commitment among their subordinates and followers. and Accountability should be the focus of both business organisation manager and stakeholder to enhance trust and positive contribution of subordinate and followers towards achievement of desire objectives. 
Micropreneurship Activities and Unsustainable Entrepreneurial Success: Do Irresponsible Entrepreneurship Practices and Irresponsible Consumption Patterns Matter?
Full text linkFactors such as inadequate funds, lack of infrastructural facilities, lack of experience, and multiple taxation have been reported to contribute to the failure of SMEs. More recently, enterprises in the streets of Abuja, Nigeria, have been characterised by unsustainable success and high failure rates. This is amidst the stenches and eyesores that the indiscriminately dumped wastes from their entrepreneurial activities and customers’ consumption patterns constitute. Consequently, owing to the reiteration of the need for responsible business practices and responsible consumption by the SDGs and the commonplaceness of micropreneurships in Abuja, this study seeks to investigate the mediating effects of irresponsible entrepreneurship practices (IEP) and irresponsible consumption patterns (ICP) on the relationship between micro-preneurship activities (MPA) and unsustainable entrepreneurial success (UES). To test the research hypotheses, a cross-sectional research design, criterion sampling, proportionate stratified random sampling, and simple random sampling techniques were employed to generate data from 1420 micropreneurs and customers. The results of the 2-way parallel mediation analysis show that the direct and total effects of MPA on UES are positive and significant; MPA directly and positively influenced IEP and ICP. In contrast, the direct effects of IEP and ICP on UES are positive and significant. Further, the indirect effect of MPA on UES through IEP and ICP is significant and positive. Thus, based on the MPA, IEP, ICP, and UES insights, the study extends the literature in these areas. Again, the results can influence both the practitioners and policymakers to craft mechanisms that will facilitate the emergence of responsible entrepreneurship and consumption practices and the achievement of the SDGs. 
Role of Digital Psychology on Purchase Decision of Jumia Customers in Ilaro, Ogun State
Full text linkThis study explored the influence of digital psychology on the purchase decision of Jumia customers in Ilaro, Ogun State. Employing a descriptive survey research design, the study examined the effects of web design/user experience and persuasive language on online purchase decisions. Primary data was collected from 384 respondents using a structured questionnaire, determined from an infinite population using the Cronbach formula. Regression analysis, specifically a multiple regression model, was employed for data analysis using SPSS Version 27. Results revealed a strong positive relationship between Digital Psychology components and Consumer Buying Behaviour. The model summary indicates a moderately strong relationship (R = 0.717) between web design/user experience and persuasive language, web design/user experience and consumer buying behaviour, with approximately 51.5% of the variance explained. The ANOVA results confirm the significance of the regression model (F = 157.543, p < 0.001), indicating the collective influence of web design/user experience and persuasive language on Consumer Buying Behaviour. Coefficients from the regression model highlight the significant effects of web design/user experience (β= 0.535) and persuasive language (β= 0.265) on Consumer Buying Behaviour. Businesses are recommended to emphasize understanding digital psychology principles and embrace web design/user experience components and persuasive language in their online marketing content to enhance consumer engagement and drive purchasing decisions in the digital marketplace.
 
Enhancing Climate Resilience through the Solar Energy Industry for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Paper selected from 2nd Covenant University Conference on Leadership and Development (CUCLeD), June 11-13, 2025
No full textClimate change, global warming and other related environmental challenges which constitute a threat to sustainable economic growth in Nigeria have also created opportunities for youths in the solar energy industry. This study identified that the use of solar energy and a lesser reliance on fossil fuels in Nigeria which is in line with the United Nations Paris Agreement will help to reduce the excessive emission of greenhouse gases which are the major causes of global warming and climate change. Through literature review and relevant data collection, this study identified that the use of solar energy is a veritable strategy for enhancing climate resilience in Nigeria. This study concluded that there is a great need for individuals, institutions and communities to adopt the use of solar energy which is eco-friendly and has the capacity to provide green skills, green technology and green entrepreneurial opportunities for sustainable development in Nigeria
Research and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria: Paper selected from 2nd Covenant University Conference on Leadership and Development (CUCLeD), June 11-13, 2025
No full textIn Sub-Sahara Africa, research and development are occasionally characterized by mediocrity; and often the results are underutilized. The paper examined the challenges of research and sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa given the frantic needs for sustainable growth and development of the communities. Nigeria is used as a case study. A survey method was applied to collect data and information from a defined population in Nigeria. Tables of percentile, Likert Scales and in-depth analysis were used for analyses and presentation. Data and information for research and development are scarce and or not easily come by; the environments are not conducive; there are evidence of mediocrity in the results of research and thus underutilized, and or not used; honesty and objectivity of research are questionable; supports for research and development are limited; and educating and developing scholars are expensive. Leadership challenges are obvious. The paper indorses due recognitions to results of robust and objective research and development; massive supports of governments, corporate organizations, philanthropists, and others; and establishment of additional well-equipped research institutions/departments. It is of necessity to ensure visionary, creative, and transparent leaders to lead and bank results of research and development