Texas Southern University
Texas Southern University, School of Public Affairs: Digital ScholarshipNot a member yet
21372 research outputs found
Sort by
Social Bonding Theory and Early 20th Century Islamophobia
Full text linkContemporary discussions of Islamopobia are oftentimes couched within discussions of national security concerns that follow the terrorist attacks on 9/11. Further, the victims of Islamophobia are typically situated within discussions revolving around Muslim-immigrant, or immigrant-descended communities. However, a closer examination of the history of both Islam in America, and national security policy reveal that not only does the presence of Islamophobia pre-date 9/11, it has its roots within, and has worked alongside Jim Crow racism. This project 1) explores the earliest forms of Islamophobia in America as an early 20th century, and distinctly anti-black phenomenon, while simultaneously 2) applying social bonding theory to explain the criminalization of early (black) Muslim groups
Reconstructing the Narrative of Slavery in the United States: Acknowledging the Complex Exploitation of Forced, Free, and Semi-Free Labor Beyond Race and Ethnicity and the Several Communities Who Endured Systemic Labor Exploitation and Injustice in the United States
Full text linkThis thesis explores the deconstruction and modernization of the narrative surrounding slavery in the United States by recognizing the multifaceted exploitation of labor beyond racial limitations. Through an assessment of representations and historical instances of forced, free, and semi-free labor in the United States, this study explores various forms of systemic subjugation and discrimination endured by diverse communities of immigrants. Specific consideration is given to examples such as indentured servitude of the colonial era and the experiences of “new immigrants” of the industrial period in challenging the established racial paradigm correlated with slavery. The experiences of specific European ethnic sub- groups, such as the Irish, are explored and juxtaposed with chattel slavery to compare the severity of each experience. By incorporating these narratives, the research aims to provide a more wide-ranging and nuanced understanding of the complex accounts of forced, free, and semi-free labor exploitation among various ethnic communities in the United States; to ascertain the basis for its current representation as entirely an African American experience, along with its consistencies and contradictions; and to contribute to a broader discussion on the various dimensions and implications of systemic injustice in the Western world, primarily within the United States of America
Systemic Racism and COVID-19: Vulnerabilities with the U.S. Social Safety Net for Immigrants and People of Color
Full text linkAmerica has a mythologized reputation as an accommodative “melting pot” nation that welcomes individuals from all races and countries seeking improved quality of life and reduced material hardship. However, our U.S. social welfare system is more broadly characterized as underdeveloped, restrictive, and exclusionary, especially toward immigrants and people of color. Public health benefits (e.g., Medicaid), food assistance programs (e.g., SNAP), rental assistance (e.g., HCV/Section 8), and cash assistance (e.g., TANF) are oftentimes restricted for immigrants and racial minorities, making them more vulnerable to material hardship and more exposed to pandemic conditions under COVID-19. Moreover, these welfare restrictions are oftentimes rooted in negative social construction and unflattering stereotypes of Black and Latine people. This paper connects deliberately racialized social welfare barriers, developed under the banner of “welfare reform” in the 1990s, to contemporary difficulties accessing benefits by minority groups, and subsequently heightened vulnerabilities around COVID-19. We suggest areas for improvement in social welfare policy development to better address systemic racism and COVID-19, and deepening inequalities from lack of access to the social safety net for immigrants and racial minorities in the U.
Vice Admiral J.W. Crawford III
No full texthttps://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/presidents/1013/thumbnail.jp
Nigerian Women’s Participation in Politics: Historical and Social Acceptance Issues
Full text linkDue to restrictive laws, cultural practices, institutional barriers, and disproportionate access to quality education, healthcare, and resources, women worldwide continue to be marginalized from the political sphere. There are multiple barriers that prevent women from taking their place within the political arena, including legal, political, and cultural constraints. Breaking down these barriers and creating opportunities for women calls for a collaborative effort among states, civil society, and the international community. This study adopted descriptive survey research design. Two hundred (200) respondents were randomly selected from three local government areas in Ogun State. These respondents comprise of a cross section of women from varied occupation, educational status, party affiliations, ethnic and religious backgrounds. The data were collected using a designed questionnaire titled: Social acceptance of Women Political Participation Questionnaire (WPPQ, r = 0.74). The data were analyzed using descriptive frequency, mean, grand mean, and standard deviation. The results revealed that low participation of women in politics was fostered by marginalization, discrimination, ethnicity, religion, and the nature of post-colonial politics. Government should eliminate structural and legal obstacles that hinder women’s participation in politics and decision-making and hold those obstructing them accountable. Civil societies and government should offer training programs for young people, women, and men on political systems, women’s right to participation, and roles in decision-making
Crop Farmers and Pastoralists’ Socio-Economic Characteristics Influencing Agricultural Land Use Conflicts in Abia State, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study analyzed the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on crop farmers and pastoralists’ land use conflicts in Abia State, located in the Southeastern part of Nigeria. Data were collected with structured questionnaire, complimented with observation from 300 crop farmers and 40 pastoralists and analyzed using ordinary least squares regression model. On the part of the crop farmers, the result indicates that three of the ten independent variables (sex, family size and farm size) influenced positively and significantly the perceived causes of crop farmers and pastoralists land use conflict. On the part of the nomads, household size (t = 2.131), educational level (t = 2.222.) and social organization membership (t = 2.144) all influenced positively the perceived causes of land use conflict at 0.05% probability level. Herding experiences (t = 3.141) also influenced positively and significantly the perceived causes of land use conflict at 0.01% level of significance. It was recommended that the government should fasten the creation of more grazing reserves following the challenges of climate change for easy access by the pastoralists. The government should fasten the proposed demarcation of livestock route from the North to the South
Jakira & Jarrod Jackson: An Estate Planning Case
Full text linkAbstract: Jarrod and Jakira Jackson are an African American power couple who have amassed a net worth of more than $37 million dollars primarily through a small real estate business. Both were first in their families to go to college and by far the wealthiest. Now they need help passing on their wealth and their legacy to their twin teenagers. The Jackson family needs an estate planning assessment to ensure that their twins and family members are cared for and to ensure that as much of their estate gets passed onto their heirs as possible.
The case is designed for instructional purposes for undergraduate courses in Financial Planning and Estate Planning courses and provides an opportunity to apply the fundamental principles of financial planning as outlined in the Certified Financial Planning (CFP) Board of Standards. The case provides: Understanding of basic estate planning documents and tools such as wills, trusts, family limited partnerships and their impact on estate planning. Understanding different types of life insurance and being able to calculate life insurance needs. Understanding different types of ownerships and understand how to calculate Gross Estate, Probate Estate and Federal Estate Tax. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the Probate Process
Evaluation Of Wogonin And Chrysin In Alleviating Mycophenolate-Induced Diarrhea And Its Pharmacokinetics Profile
Full text linkMedication-induced diarrhea is a common adverse effect experienced by patients taking immunosuppressant medications used in Organ transplants. However, Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the first-line drug to prevent organ transplant rejection. (Van Gelder & Hesselink, 2015) . MMF’s mechanism of action involves inhibition of inosine-5\u27-monophosphate dehydrogenase. It is used for the treatment and management of a variety of autoimmune diseases as well as to prevent organ rejection in patients with bone marrow and solid organ transplants; however, over 50% of its adverse effects have been reported to be diarrhea. (Arslan et al., 2007; Farooqi et al., 2020). However, few options exist for managing the unwanted effects of MMF-induced diarrhea, which often leads to a subtherapeutic dose, as seen in alternatives such as Azathioprine (Sekmek et al., 2021) or using a low dose of MMF or withdrawal of an MMF which on the long-term may cause a high incidence of organ rejection, graft failure, and eventual patient mortality (Park et al., 2019). MMF can affect the upper and lower GI tract, which often increases diarrhea intensity if left untreated (Parfitt et al., 2008a). Nevertheless, the area of alleviating MMF-induced diarrhea is grossly understudied; hence, one does not fully understand the precise mechanism underlying GI toxicity. However, enterohepatic recycling after glucuronidation has been implicated. The labile acyl glucuronide (acylMPAG) and the inactive phenolic glucuronide (MPAG) are produced by glucuronidation. Although the main process of MPA detoxification in vivo is the creation of MPAG, research has attempted to connect acyl glucuronide synthesis with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) like MMF-induced diarrhea(Fukushima et al., 2021). For drugs like MMF, it is postulated that glucuronidation in the GI tract is insufficient, and this might result in excessive MPA and acyl MPAG accumulation in the lower GI segments to cause local toxicity, which manifests as diarrhea. In this study, we hypothesized that when we hydrolyze the active moiety of MMF causing MMF-induced diarrhea, that is, prevent MPAG from undergoing enterohepatic recycling to MPA or eventually AcMPAG, using the flavonoids Wogonin and Chrysin. We can successfully alleviate MMF-induced diarrhea and would also evaluate the dose-effect and eventual survival rate. Following an already established diarrhea model, the female Wister Han used were divided into five groups; the first group was administered 70mg/kg/day MMF-only (Control), the other was given 50mg/kg/day of Wogonin (Treatment) and Chrysin (Treatment) separately. The next batch was also dosed with 100mg/kg/day of Wogonin and Chrysin separately. The non-control group (treatment group) received oral gavage of wogonin and chrysin separately at 50 mg/kg per day for two days before co-administering with MMF as pretreatment. From day 3, MMF was administered orally to female Wistar Han rats at 70 mg/kg daily for seven consecutive days as an oral gavage. Subsequently, the indicators of illness activity (body weight, diarrhea score, and survival analysis) were observed. Plasma blood samples were taken on day 9, the seventh day of dosing with MMF, to monitor the PK profile of the various samples. Also, on day 10, GI tissues were collected before diarrhea to quantify tissue drug concentrations of MMF and MPA, MPAG, and AcylMPAG using LC-MS/MS. Wogonin in both groups, orally administered with 100mg/kg/day and 50mg/kg/day of wogonin separately alongside MMF 70mg/kg/day in each batch, alleviated Mycophenolate Mofetil-induced diarrhea damage, which was indicated by reduced weight loss compared to control and diarrhea score, thereby preventing possible mucositis in the small intestine as well as the colon. However, the chrysin batch was dosed orally with 100mg/kg/day and 50mg/kg group differently along with MMF 70mg/kg/day grade 3 and 4 diarrhea. The control group, which was administered only with MMF at 70mg/kg/day, had severe diarrhea and resulted in a nosedived survival rate following Survival analysis. Nevertheless, after determining that wogonin and chrysin majorly influenced the disease activity index and survival index in all the MMF-diarrhea rats, we went further to check the Pharmacokinetic Profile of the five batches of the rat’s plasma and tissues. Blood samples were collected at 0.25-hour, 0.50-hour, 1.00-hour, 2.00-hours, 4.00-hours, 6.00-hours, 8.00-hours, and 24.00 hours and used in the plasma preparation for quantitation. Subsequently, tissues were collected from the liver, colon, and ileum and processed and quantified using LC-MS. In conclusion, a wogonin batch of animals survived throughout the experiment without any significant deaths, which showed that regardless of dose, Wogonin alleviated MMF-induced diarrhea and enhanced the rats\u27 survival. These conclusions confirm our earlier postulation that flavonoids Like Wogonin and Chrysin can alleviate diarrhea in rats that have MMF-induced diarrhea, possibly by inhibiting the formation of toxic metabolites of MMF like MPA and AcylMPAG, thereby enhancing intestinal glucuronidation without significantly affecting the active metabolites MPA, which is in tandem with other reported in-vitro studies. Also, Wogonin has an enhanced local bioavailability in the GI Tract. This insight could be useful in the management of Mycophenolate mofetil-induced diarrhea by mitigating the need to carry out further study on wogonin as an alternative to toxic chemicals in the management of organ MMF-induced diarrhea since it belongs to the naturally occurring flavonoids family, which are considered safe