Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan: Journal Management System
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Analysis of the Concept Continuing Education in Nursing Education
Full text link The term continuing education is extensively used throughout nursing education literature. This paper sought to re-examine the concept ‘continuing education’ for its meaning, relevance and appropriateness of application. The authors examined the definitions of continuing education from dictionaries, thesauruses, and current nursing education literature for meanings, usages, attributes, antecedents and consequences in line with Walker and Avant (2005) method of concept analysis. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were also presented. The paper concludes that the development of a theory of continuing education is usually preceded by a logical analysis of the concept which includes distinguishing properties, antecedents and outcomes of further education. The subsequent step in the development of the theory of lifelong education requires establishing theoretical relationships between perceptions, motivation and barriers to continuing education. It recommends that empirical studies of further education, whether qualitative or quantitative can be carried out to find out the effects of lifelong education on the nursing profession to enhance research in nursing and advance professionalism in nursing
An overview of Customer Relationship Management Software in Business Organizations
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to present details of the research on focus on the customer in relation to the utilization of the customer relationship management computerized system in business organization. Customer relationship management (CRM) plays a central role in the growth and success of corporations in an environment of fast technological development and the extensive competition currently in evidence. CRM empowers corporations with better customer awareness and helps to construct sustainable relationships with customers. People, technology, and processes are the three basic components of CRM. In order to ensure the successful implementation and adoption of the CRMinitiative, this paper presents a detailed review of the literature relating to CRM processes and its computerized system. Various types and levels of the CRM process as well as an understanding of the different perspectives of CRM are presented in this review. The paper suggests that it is important for an organization to understand the four major perspectives of CRM processes i.e. customer facing level processes, customer oriented processes, cross functional CRM processes and CRM macro-level processes. A survey is also conducted in this paper and a chi square test is performed to test the hypothesis relatingto the efficiency of customer relationship management and the client relationship it offers. Results show that the hypothesis is statistically significant
Tributary Mapping Multiplexing an Efficient Technique for High Speed Fiber Optic Communication
Full text linkA novel technique of multiplexing called Tributary Mapping Multiplexing (TMM) isapplied to a single channel wavelength division multiplexing system and performance is monitored on the basis of simulation results. To elaborate the performance of TMM in this paper, a 4-User TMM system over single wavelength channel is demonstrated. TMM showed significant tolerance against narrow optical filtering as compared to that of conventional TDM at the rate of 40 Gbit/s. The above calculations are made by optical filter bandwidth and dispersion tolerance that was allowed at minimum. The spectral efficiency achieved by this TMM was 1 b/s/Hz and it was executed by using transmitters and receivers of 10 Gbit/s without polarized multiplexing. The high spectral efficiency, high dispersion tolerance and tolerance against strong optical filtering makes TMM an efficient technique for HighSpeed Fiber Optic Communication
WEB Based Applications Testing: Analytical Approach towards Model Based Testing and Fuzz Testing
Full text linkWeb-based applications are complex in the structure which results in facing an immense amount of exploiting attacks, so testing should be done in a proactive way in order to identify threats in the applications. The intruder can explore these security loopholes and may exploit the application which results in economical lose, so testing the application becomes a supreme phase of development. The main objective of testing is to secure the contents of applications either through static or automatic approach. The software houses usually follow fuzz based testing in which flaws can be explored by randomly inputting invalid data while on the other hand model-based testing is the automated approach which tests the applications from all perspectives on the basis of an abstract model of the application. The main theme of this research is to study the difference between fuzz based testing and MBT in terms of test coverage, performance, cost and time. This research work guides the web application practitioner in the selection of suitable methodology for different testing scenarios which save efforts imparted on testing and develop better and breaches free product.
SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF DEMUTUALIZATION ON STOCK EXCHANGES: A REGIONAL COMPARISON
Full text linkDemutualization is the process whereby a shareholder enjoysproprietary rights and it is well taken wherever it has been practiced.This study empirically investigates the impact of demutualization onstock market growth. A stratified sample of thirteen stock exchangescomprising five stock exchanges from Asian, five from European, andthree from American region were analyzed. Results indicated strategicchange in stock exchanges in Asian and European region appears tobe more fruitful than American in terms of financial performance, butAmerican stock exchanges seem to be more progressive in terms ofstock market performance than Asian and European stock exchanges
ECONOMIC VALUE ADDITION IMPLICATIONS: A STUDY OF THE PAKISTANI BANKING INDUSTRY
Full text linkHuman beings are mostly concerned about value additionin almost every aspect of life. Does this reality prove accurate insecondary markets investment? This empirical study deals with theEconomic Value Addition of major seventeen banks of Pakistanincluding national and public limited banks. In this research, ROE,ROCE, and OCF are taken as parameters of profitability whilemarketability parameters are PE and MB ratio. Two sample t-testsshow that a new banks value creation is more in comparison withold banks in the context of EVA. Private and Government bank arenot significantly different in EVA. Fixed effect modeling and Clusterestimation infer that Profitability parameters positively impact EVA.Marketability parameter MB positively impacts EVA while PE ratiois statistically insignificant. Correlation analysis shows thatinvestors of the banking sector in Pakistan do not pay specialattention to EVA in their investment decisions
Implementation of CIPP Model for Quality Evaluation at School Level: A Case Study
No full textEvaluation denotes the monitoring of progress towards desired goals and objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate educational quality at schools using Stufflebeam’s CIPP evaluation model (1983). The population comprised the principal, heads of each wing and teachers of various branches of a Welfare School System in Rawalpindi. Data were collected through the CIPP evaluation checklist (2002), semi structured interviews, document analysis and observations. Data were analyzed via content and thematic analysis. Findings indicated that this group of welfare schools focused on quality education by using different means, such as advanced technology, effective communication, relevant courses as well as teaching and learning strategies; however, it was found that teachers focused more on theoretical work and rote learning, which put pressure on students and had a negative effect on their intellectual abilities. Moreover, there was lack of proper space, effective environment and the schools were situated in rented buildings.
A Comparative Study of the Attitude of the Male and Female Elementary School Teachers towards Teaching Profession
Full text linkThe process of education is shaped and made by the teachers who play a pivotal role in web of educational system. Teaching characteristically is a moral enterprise and its function is aimed at guiding and working desirable growth in others. The need to know more about teacher and teaching stems not only from the commonness of the phenomenon, but also from the realization that our notion of teacher and teaching guides our future endeavors. There is a dearth of empirical evidence about the attitude of teachers towards their profession. Quantitative research methodology was deployed using descriptive design. The study included 160 pre and in-service elementary school teachers for which equal representative was given to pre and inservice teachers and both genders. The participants included 80 male and 80 female teachers. A three point validated and reliable attitude scale was used to gather the data which comprised 30 statements. The results of the present study revealed thatthe majority of teachers working in the elementary school and also the prospective one’s had less or not favorable attitude towards the teaching profession. The reasons for such attitude seemed to be justifiable, because of the working conditions and academic environment in schools as mentioned by the teachers were sufficient enough to be the great source of influence, development and reinforcement of a particular type of attitude. The study recommends the induction of teachers with the positive and more favorable attitude towards teaching profession. Keywords: comparative, attitude, elementary school, teachers, teaching profession
Perceptions of Teachers about the Role of Parents in Developing Reading Habits of Children to Improve their Academic Performance in Schools
Full text link This study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions about parental role in developing reading habits of children to improve their academic achievement. The study was conducted in one of the private schools of Gilgit city situated in the Northern part of Pakistan. Using a case study approach to research within the qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, which enabled the researchers in capturing qualitative experiences, opinions, beliefs and perceptions of purposefully selected research participants. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach and emerging themes were represented in the form of figures to provide a clear understanding. The study confirmed that reading habits, for example, out of school reading and reading for pleasure, have influenced academic performance and parental role is pivotal in developing children’s interest in reading because healthy reading activities can help them to develop critical thinking and analytic skills. This could also develop their vocabulary to a great extent. Consequently, children exhibit improvement in their overall academic performance. The findings confirmed that if parents focused on reading improvement of their children in early ages, they could better develop reading as a routine activity. The study recommended that parents should play an active role in developing attitude towards reading by providing reading materials and creating a reading friendly environment at home
Understanding the Role of Internship as an Activity Based Learning: A Case Study
Full text linkActivity based learning is a successful educational model in various disciplines and recently it has been proved very effective in business institutes also. This paper was intended to explore the effects of internship in the university students of Pakistan as an activity based learning in order to boost their skills and abilities. Qualitative research as research design was adopted for the study following interpretivist paradigm. For the purpose of data collection, 30 students from business institutes were interviewed. Only those candidates were chosen who had recently completed their internship in well-known organizations of Pakistan. Data analyses were done through NVivo software version 11, suggested for qualitative data analyses. Findings proposed that industrial internship is a viable activity for the learning and growth of university students. Practical experience, teamwork, understanding strengths and weaknesses, financial support for further studies and exposure to real world problems were found chief outcomes of internship in terms of professional development. Likewise, goal setting, internal motivation, confidence, punctuality, regularity and understanding responsibility in terms of personality development were found as key outcomes of internship for business students. Keywords: activity based learning, business students, internships, professional development