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Morphology of the Cranial Base of Untreated Class I and Class II Subjects
No full textABSTRACT Morphology of the Cranial Base of Untreated Class I and Class II Subjects Ethan Just, DMD Marquette University, 2024 Objective: Cranial base and facial growth are related. although good attention has been dedicated to this theme, there is no consensus about the role of cranial base growth on facial growth. The morphology of the cranial base aroused early interest among orthodontists but doubts about the validity of the methodologies used to assess its possible correlations with facial growth have been constant. For some authors there is no correlation between the cranial base angle and presented malocclusion. In contrast, other authors have stated that the development of the facial skeleton is closely related to the cranial base dimension and flexure. Materials and Methods: A total sample of 98 subjects drawn from the AAOF website from which a subsample of 55 subjects including 408 cephalograms that matched the inclusion criteria. The subsample included 40 male and 15 female subjects, being 45 presenting Class I malocclusion (33 male and 12 female subjects) and 10 presenting Class II malocclusion (7 male and 3 female subjects). The main selection criteria for such sample reduction were the selection of cases which present at least one cephalogram in all the three phases considered (phase A, B and C), which guarantees a longitudinal coverage from 7 to 16 years of age. Results: Based on the values identified and evaluated by landmarks Basion, Sella and Nasion at phases A, B and C for the Class I and Class II malocclusion groups, no significant differences observed in the cranial base angle between Class I and Class II subjects. An evaluation of Sella, Nasion, and Basion by a cartesian plane based on the true vertical showed a significant difference in the location of Basion between subject groups. Basion drifts downward and backward 2.38 mm in the Class I group but only downward and backward 0.53 mm in the Class II group. Conclusion: The lack of conclusions on the difference between the cranial base angle (Na-S-Ba) reported in previous studies is probably due to geometrical and sample size limitations. In this study, the position of the landmarks Nasion and Basion were also independently assessed in a cartesian plan (X and Y components). The proposed null hypothesis of no difference in cranial base between Class I and Class II subjects is rejected. Basion drifts downward significantly more in Class I subjects than in Class II untreated subjects
The Validation of Remote-Synchronous and Remote-Asynchronous Physical Performance-Based Outcome Measurements
No full textPerformance-based outcome measures are used by clinical and research communities to identify health risks, assess change in physical function over time, and assess the success of treatment. With the onset of COVID-19, remote assessments were sought as alternatives to in-person testing, however there is inadequate literature on the validity of remote performance-based outcome measurement to assess physical function. Current literature is limited to small cohort studies, and none take advantage of novel comparison of agreement methodology. This study assessed the level of agreement between three methods of performance-based outcome data collection: in-person data collection, remote synchronous data collection, and remote asynchronous data collection of the 4-meter walk, timed up and go, and the five repetition sit-to-stand assessments. The need to validate these modes of data collection reflects a post-COVID-19 world where people can perform many previously out of the house tasks, at home. Validating the remote delivery of performance-based outcome measures will help remove potential barriers of assessment. Fifty-eight participants completed the 4-meter walk, timed up and go, and five repetition sit-to-stand assessments in a randomized order based on mode of delivery, which consisted of in-person, remote synchronous, and remote asynchronous assessments. Participants completed each in-person assessment five times while the remote assessments were completed twice. Analysis of the complete data set with Bland-Altman comparison of agreement demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the synchronous or asynchronous delivery of the 4-meter walk when compared to the in-person assessment. When three statistical outliers were removed, all comparisons showed no statistical difference, demonstrating that they are within acceptable bounds of deviation. The results demonstrate the validity of the remote synchronous and asynchronous administrations of the 4-meter walk, timed up and go, and five repetition sit-to-stand. These conclusions allow for the delivery of the 4-meter walk, timed up and go, and five repetition sit-to-stand remotely, but levels of agreement decreased the longer participants took to complete a task. The findings of the study allow for the remote synchronous and asynchronous administration of the assessments while also providing a basis for more population specific research to increase the accuracy of the assessments
Visible-Light-Driven Reactions from a Six-Coordinate Nickel(II) Complex
No full textTransition metal complexes capable of absorbing visible light can be excited upon light irradiation and facilitate chemical bond formation and cleavage. In this approach, a transition metal-substrate complex is formed in the ground state, followed by photoinduced substrate activation via an inner-sphere mechanism. Unlike well-established photoredox catalysis that does not involve substrate binding, the ground-state interaction here is important for substrate activation. Among the 3d transition metals, nickel is considered a cost-effective alternative to Ru- and Ir-based photocatalysts due to its ability to accommodate different oxidation states. However, the application of Ni photocatalysis in synthesis had remained largely underexplored. In 2018, the Doyle group showcased a light-induced Ni(II) aryl bond homolysis as a key step in a Ni-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling reaction. This discovery ignited significant interest in advancing the use of nickel in visible-light-driven organic synthesis.
In this study, we synthesized six-coordinate Ni(eba)2(bpy) and Ni(eaa)2(bpy) complexes (eba: ethyl benzoyl acetate, eaa: ethyl acetoacetate, bpy: 2,2’-bipyridine). For further studies, we also prepared a series of Ni(eba)2(bpy) complexes by electronically varying the 4,4’-substituents of bipyridine (H, OCH3, tert-butyl, Br) and the para substituent of the phenyl group in the eba (OCH3, Br). These Ni complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (UV/Vis, NMR, IR), elemental analysis, melting point measurement, and X-ray crystallography. In efforts to test the photoreactivity of the eaa/eba ligand, both complexes were found to be reactive with PhSSPh under light conditions. Two possible reaction pathways include the formation of a Ni-SPh bond and excited-state hydrogen atom transfer to form thiophenol. Light-driven ligand dissociation has also been investigated for Ni(eba)2(bpy). Finally, the photoreactivity with different nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles was tested, and C-O and C-N bond-forming products were observed. These findings will likely advance our fundamental understanding of Ni-based visible-light-driven reactions and provide a mechanistic foundation for developing catalytic carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.
Transition metal complexes capable of absorbing visible light can be excited upon light irradiation and facilitate chemical bond formation and cleavage. In this approach, a transition metal-substrate complex is formed in the ground state, followed by photoinduced substrate activation via an inner-sphere mechanism. Unlike well-established photoredox catalysis that does not involve substrate binding, the ground-state interaction here is important for substrate activation. Among the 3d transition metals, nickel is considered a cost-effective alternative to Ru- and Ir-based photocatalysts due to its ability to accommodate different oxidation states. However, the application of Ni photocatalysis in synthesis had remained largely underexplored. In 2018, the Doyle group showcased a light-induced Ni(II) aryl bond homolysis as a key step in a Ni-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling reaction. This discovery ignited significant interest in advancing the use of nickel in visible-light-driven organic synthesis./= / \u3e In this study, we synthesized six-coordinate Ni(eba)2(bpy) and Ni(eaa)2(bpy) complexes (eba: ethyl benzoyl acetate, eaa: ethyl acetoacetate, bpy: 2,2’-bipyridine). For further studies, we also prepared a series of Ni(eba)2(bpy) complexes by electronically varying the 4,4’-substituents of bipyridine (H, OCH3, tert-butyl, Br) and the para substituent of the phenyl group in the eba (OCH3, Br). These Ni complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (UV/Vis, NMR, IR), elemental analysis, melting point measurement, and X-ray crystallography. In efforts to test the photoreactivity of the eaa/eba ligand, both complexes were found to be reactive with PhSSPh under light conditions. Two possible reaction pathways include the formation of a Ni-SPh bond and excited-state hydrogen atom transfer to form thiophenol. Light-driven ligand dissociation has also been investigated for Ni(eba)2(bpy). Finally, the photoreactivity with different nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles was tested, and C-O and C-N bond-forming products were observed. These findings will likely advance our fundamental understanding of Ni-based visible-light-driven reactions and provide a mechanistic foundation for developing catalytic carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions
Naturally Taught
Get PDFJeremy Siegel (Nuclear Jaguar)Naturally Taught, 2024 Fandom: Video Game Music Music, Photo ManipulationN/A, Variable dimensions Collection of the artist
Rating: General Audiences Tags: Music, video games, hip-hop, funk, electronic, retro, Sonic the Hedgehog, Toejam and Earl, Parappa the Rapper, video game musicCreator\u27s notes: It\u27s a piece of electronic/lo-fi music which mixes together grooves, chords, and beats with video game sound samples
Lycanrock, Krookodile, and Clobbopus
Get PDFEl ReiningerLycanrock, Krookodile, and Clobbopus, 2024 Fandom: Pokémon Digital artVariable dimensions - 802 x 921 pxCollection of the artist
Rating: General Audiences Tags: Pokémon, redraw, Lycanrock, clobbopus, Krookodile, BW, SM, SWSH Creator\u27s notes: I have recreated the piece Untitled (Wolf, Alligator, and Fish) using various Pokémon from the games. I have also included smaller other pieces from the games such as the flowers, water texture, and some elements from team magma and aqua
The Attorney
Get PDFGidget BoeThe Attorney, 2024Fandom: Great Ace Attorney (Dai Gyakuten Saiban)Digital artVariable dimensions - 3065 x 3954 pxCollection of the artistRating: General AudiencesTags: Herlock Sholmes, Sherlock Holmes, Ryunosuke Naruhodo, Susato Mikotoba, Iris Wilson, Kazuma Asogi, Barok Van Zieks, Satoru Hosonaga, Albert Harebrayne, Yujin Mikotoba, Enoch Drebber, Gina Lestrade, Soseki Natsume, Wagahai, Dai Gyakuten Saiban, Great Ace Attorney, GAA, DGS, videogame, lawyer, detective, objectionCreator\u27s notes: A collection of Great Ace Attorney characters and symbols inspired by El Pajaro (The Bird
On Stephen King, and the “What” and “Why” of \u3cem\u3eAmerican Archivist\u3c/em\u3e
Get PDFThe mix of articles in this issue cuts a broad swath through several topics current in our literature, and trying to decide how to bring it all together in an editor\u27s column was giving me fits. An issue that moves from community archives to contingent workers, to promotion and tenure, to congressional collections, to access systems, to engagement—well, it\u27s not easy for me to wrap my editorial head around, let alone for you to thread your way through as a reader. It\u27s a great problem to have, but I needed to make sense of it. Terry Baxter\u27s 2023 SAA Presidential Address, which describes radical empathy and love as transformational to our work, struck a chord with me. Baxter uses poetry, essay, and art to refocus our approach to archival practice. His concepts piqued my interest and inspired me as I worked with him through the editorial process
Duel Personality (Yu-Gi-Oh)
Get PDFGidget BoeDuel Personality, 2024Fandom: Yu-Gi-Oh Duel Monsters & Yu-Gi-Oh Season 0 Digital artVariable dimensions (2602 x 3000 px)Collection of the artistRating: General AudiencesTags: yugioh, yu-gi-oh, ygo, season 0, Joey Wheeler, Jonouchi Katsuya, Yugi Muto, Yami Yugi, duel monstersCreator\u27s notes: Digital art of Joey Wheeler and Yugi Muto walking together - but something about Yugi\u27s shadow is a little suspicious..
Spatial Correspondence of Cortical Activity Measured with Whole Head fNIRS and fMRI Toward Clinical Use within Subject
Get PDFFunctional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) both measure the hemodynamic response, and so both imaging modalities are expected to have a strong correspondence in regions of cortex adjacent to the scalp. To assess whether fNIRS can be used clinically in a manner similar to fMRI, 22 healthy adult participants underwent same-day fMRI and whole-head fNIRS testing while they performed separate motor (finger tapping) and visual (flashing checkerboard) tasks. Analyses were conducted within and across subjects for each imaging approach, and regions of significant task-related activity were compared on the cortical surface. The spatial correspondence between fNIRS and fMRI detection of task-related activity was good in terms of true positive rate, with fNIRS overlap of up to 68 % of the fMRI for analyses across subjects (group analysis) and an average overlap of up to 47.25 % for individual analyses within subject. At the group level, the positive predictive value of fNIRS was 51 % relative to fMRI. The positive predictive value for within subject analyses was lower (41.5 %), reflecting the presence of significant fNIRS activity in regions without significant fMRI activity. This could reflect task-correlated sources of physiologic noise and/or differences in the sensitivity of fNIRS and fMRI measures to changes in separate (vs. combined) measures of oxy and de-oxyhemoglobin. The results suggest whole-head fNIRS as a noninvasive imaging modality with promising clinical utility for the functional assessment of brain activity in superficial regions of cortex physically adjacent to the skull