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A Factor Analytic Investigation of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory - Second Edition in Justice Involved Youth
No full textThe Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory – Second Edition (MACI-II; Millon et al., 2020) is an adolescent self-report measure of personality and psychopathology. Its predecessor, the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI; Millon et al., 1993) is one of the most frequently used measures in forensic evaluation of justice involved youth (Archer et al., 2006; Baum et al., 2009; Viljoen et al., 2010). The factor structure of the MACI has been evaluated in diverse psychiatric and juvenile justice samples (e.g., Adkisson et al., 2002; Newman et al., 2015; Romm et al., 1999, Salekin, 2002; Woodland et al., 2014) and inconsistent findings have emerged, raising questions regarding construct validity. Notably, no factor analytic study has been conducted on the MACI-II. This study explored the MACI-II factor structure in a justice involved youth sample and the normative clinical sample. An invariant three dimensional solution emphasizing Internalizing, Externalizing, and Underlying Anger was identified. Results suggested invariance in MACI-II factor structures across diverse samples. This study provides psychometric evidence to support admissibility of the MACI-II in a court setting and allows for more nuanced interpretation of MACI-II scale elevations. That latter should, theoretically, result in better informed psycho-legal decisions
Exploring the Potential of No-Code Artificial Intelligence in Identifying Periapical Radiolucent Lesions
No full textABSTRACT EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF NO-CODE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IDENTIFYING PERIAPICAL RADIOLUCENT LESIONS Marguerite Miller, D.M.D. Marquette University, 2025 Title: Exploring the Potential of No-Code Artificial Intelligence in Identifying Periapical Radiolucent Lesions. Objective: To employ a no-code platform for the development of an AI model designed to identify periapical radiolucent lesions using periapical radiographs. Methods: Three hundred twelve periapical radiographs were retrospectively collected, along with corroborating cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes and radiology reports obtained within six months. Radiology reports from board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologists, were used as the reference standard for labeling the periapical radiographs. Among these, 180 images displayed at least one periapical radiolucent lesion, while 132 images without lesions were included as controls. The AI model was developed using LandingLens, a cloud-based, no-code platform. Radiographic images were uploaded, and lesions were manually annotated using bounding boxes. The dataset was divided into three subsets: training (70%), validation (20%), and testing (10%). Diagnostic performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and F1 score) were calculated both at tooth level. Results: The model demonstrated promising performance at the tooth level with 87.79% sensitivity, 92.73% specificity, 75.46% precision, 91.72% accuracy, and an F1 score of 0.812%. The root-level metrics were similar, showing 89.190% sensitivity, 94.0% specificity, 77.98% precision, 93.0% accuracy, and an F1 score of 0.83.% Conclusions: The developed no-code model was able to accurately identify periapical radiolucencies using periapical radiographs. Additional studies are required to validate the utilization of no-code AI in dental imaging. Keywords Artificial intelligence, computer vision, no-code, periapical radiolucency, deep learnin
Employee Gender, Family-To-Work Conflict Bias, and Supervisor Ostracism: A Social Exchange Perspective
No full textFamily-to-work conflict (FWC) bias captures an erroneous assumption that women have more FWC than men. Existing research has relied on a “lack of fit” perspective (i.e., women have less person–job and person–organization fit compared with men) to explain why this bias detracts from women\u27s work outcomes. Building on this, we propose a novel social exchange cost explanation for these effects. We argue that FWC bias promotes a belief in supervisors that female subordinates are less reliable in fulfilling work duties and, therefore, less able to reciprocate resources invested in them. This concern, we maintain, is manifested in their diminished cognitive trust in their female (vs. male) subordinates. In turn, we argue that supervisors, because of their lower cognitive trust, will reciprocate by engaging in greater ostracism of their female (vs. male) employees. To test these predictions, we conducted three studies, including an experimentally randomized instrumental variable design, a multisource field survey using supervisor–subordinate dyads, and an experiment in which we utilized a bias-disrupting strategy. Overall, our findings suggest that women are perceived as having greater FWC than men, leading supervisors to have less cognitive trust in them relative to men, which in turn, manifests in greater ostracism of female subordinates
Loss of Endogenous Circadian Clock Function in Mice Alters Respiratory Cycle Timing in a Time of Day- And Sex-specific Manner
No full textResting breathing and ventilatory chemoreflexes are regulated in a 24-hr manner by the endogenous circadian clock. However, it is unclear how circadian biology influences different phases of the breath-to-breath respiratory cycle which are predominantly controlled by pontomedullary regions of the brainstem. Here, we performed whole-body plethysmography during quiet wakefulness in young adult male and female mice lacking the core clock gene Brain and Muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1) to determine the extent to which the molecular clock affects respiratory cycle timing and ventilatory airflow mechanics. Breath waveform analysis revealed that male BMAL1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit time of day-specific differences in inspiratory and expiratory times, total cycle length, end inspiratory pause, relaxation time, and respiratory rate compared to wild-type littermates. Notably, changes in respiratory pattern were not observed in female BMAL1 KO mice when compared to wild-type females. Additionally, BMAL1 deficiency did not disrupt overall minute ventilation or peak airflow in either sex, suggesting total ventilatory function during quiet wakefulness is preserved. Taken together, these findings indicate that genetic disruption of the circadian clock in mice elicits sex-specific changes in respiratory cycle timing
The MC4R Agonist, Setmelanotide, Is Associated with an Improvement in Hypercapnic Chemosensitivity and Weight Loss in Male Mice
Get PDFObesity increases the risk of respiratory diseases that reduce respiratory chemosensitivity, such as Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome and sleep apnea. Recent evidence suggests that obesity-related changes in the brain, including alterations in melanocortin signaling via the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), may underly altered chemosensitivity. Setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist, causes weight loss in both humans and animal models. However, it is unknown the extent to which setmelanotide affects respiratory chemosensitivity independent of body weight loss. The present study uses diet-induced obese, male C57bl/6 J mice to determine the extent to which acute setmelanotide treatment affects the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). We find that ten days of daily setmelanotide treatment at 1 mg/kg, but not 0.2 mg/kg, is sufficient to cause weight loss and increase HCVR. In a separate group of animals, we find that we can emulate setmelanotide’s effect on weight loss by restricting daily calories to match the hypophagia triggered by setmelanotide. These pair-fed animals exhibit improvements in HCVR similar to those who receive setmelanotide. We conclude that acute treatment with setmelanotide is as effective as weight loss at improving respiratory hypercapnic chemosensitivity
Editorial: Midlife Brain Health: Understanding Brain Aging in Middle-Age and Effects of Interventions to Prevent Neurodegeneration in Late Life
Get PDFWith the rapid increase in the aging population, the prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) has risen significantly, affecting over 55 million people worldwide in 2023, with projections suggesting this number will exceed 78 million by 2030 (Better, 2023). While much research has been focused on understanding and treating AD in older adults, there is growing emphasis on early interventions to prevent its onset (Crous-Bou et al., 2017; Dohm-Hansen et al., 2024). In this regard, middle-age has gained recognition as a critical period for the development and prevention of AD (Ritchie et al., 2017). For example, midlife vascular risk factors including diabetes, obesity, and hypertension increased the risk of developing AD in late life (Livingston et al., 2020). This Research Topic includes eight human and rodent studies, including three review papers, exploring strategies to reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline and mechanisms of age-related memory decline in middle-aged individuals, older adults with normal cognition, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with AD
Alexithymia: Toward an Experimental, Processual Affective Science with Effective Interventions
Get PDFAlexithymia is a multi-dimensional personality trait involving difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and an externally oriented thinking style. Poor fantasy life is debated as another facet. For over 50 years, the alexithymia literature has examined how alexithymia-related disturbances in perceiving and expressing feelings contribute to mental and physical disorders. We review the current understanding of alexithymia—including its definition, etiology, measurement, and vulnerabilities for both mental and physical illness—and its treatment. We emphasize the importance of further experimental and processual affective science research that (a) emphasizes facet-level analysis toward an understanding of the nuanced bases of alexithymia effects on neural, cognitive, and behavioral processes; (b) distinguishes between emotion deficits and emotion over-responding, including when over-responding is functional; and (c) clarifies when and how impairments occur for neutral and positively valenced information or contexts. Taken as a whole, a clarification of these issues will provide clear directions for effective and tailored alexithymia interventions
A conversation with Mark Zuckerberg and Ali Ghodsi
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1467/thumbnail.jp