43618 research outputs found
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MrBeast Crashed Our Mark Zuckerberg Interview
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1459/thumbnail.jp
Understanding the Experiences of Nonprofit Leaders in Psychotherapy
No full textNonprofit leaders are at the helm of organizations that contribute significantly and meaningfully to society. Nonprofit organizations provide a range of services across sectors that include healthcare, education, mental health, civic engagement, and many others. Existing literature attends to the challenges nonprofit leaders face in their work roles, with managing boards and fundraising frequently cited as stressors. Little is known about the mental health experiences of nonprofit leaders, including common mental health diagnoses they experience, prevalence of mental health symptoms, or effective interventions for mental health concerns. The present study sought to explore the experiences of nonprofit leaders who attend psychotherapy. More specifically, it sought to understand how their work impacts their mental health, the reasons they sought psychotherapy, their thoughts and feelings about attending psychotherapy, their perceptions of productive and unproductive elements of psychotherapy, the effects psychotherapy had on their work, the effect their work had on psychotherapy, and their current perspectives on psychotherapy. Thirteen nonprofit executive directors were interviewed and asked to share their perspectives and experiences in each of these areas. Findings suggested that most participants’ work responsibilities were intensifying their stress and that most participants sought psychotherapy because they were experiencing mental health symptoms. Regarding help-seeking, most participants were eager to attend therapy and did not have concerns before starting psychotherapy, though some wondered if it would be worth the investment. Most participants noted that gaining new perspectives while feeling safe and heard were productive elements of their experience. At the same time, some participants reported that not feeling understood and feeling that psychotherapy was not focused on their goals were unproductive. Participants also described improvements in their functioning as a result of psychotherapy, and some attributed improvements in their organizations to their psychotherapy experience. Most participants also noted that work was the focus of their psychotherapy. Participants’ evaluations of psychotherapy included that it was a positive experience for them while noting that there are important considerations in the selection of a psychotherapist. Limitations, implications, and future research directions are discussed, as well
Role for Astrocytes in Complex Cognition: An Evolutionary, Behavioral and Computational Perspective
No full textThe human brain has more computational power than modern supercomputers by utilizing only a few signaling systems, rendering it the most efficient computational device ever created. Evolution, though not prospective, has iteratively constructed neural networks of increasing complexity that have ultimately endowed humans with extraordinary cognitive abilities. Through an evolutionary lens, there is a clear correlation between organismal sophistication and network signaling complexity Astrocytes, a non-neuronal cell that makes up approximately half the cells in the human brain, show dramatic increases in morphological and signaling complexity in higher-order species. This co-evolution is likely not coincidental but rather represents the development of sophisticated communication hubs that enhance network computation. Notably, system xc- (Sxc), a cystine-glutamate antiporter expressed predominantly on astrocytes, appears almost exclusively in vertebrate species. Additionally, the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling system experienced rapid functional enhancement in early mammals. These parallel evolutionary trends in signaling complexity warrant investigation into potential mechanistic connections between these network-enhancing developments. In this dissertation, I employ an interdisciplinary approach integrating molecular evolution, neuroscience, and computational engineering to uncover astrocytic involvement in higher-order cognition. I demonstrate that the neuropeptide PACAP attenuates drug-seeking behavior through pathway- and cell-specific mechanisms, revealing Sxc as a critical regulatory mediator for PACAP-induced recruitment of astrocytes within glutamate signaling networks. To understand the specific role that Sxc plays in controlling drug-seeking, I dissect this complex behavior into its constitutive parts, categorizing them as evolutionarily conserved and phylogenetic recent cognitive functions. These findings suggest that Sxc plays a discrete role in behaviors requisite of complex cognitive signaling and displays a temporal-specific reliance in learning acquisition but not maintenance. Based on these findings, I propose a novel hypothesis for cognitive evolution: coordinated co-evolution of molecular proteins within glutamate signaling networks drove the expansion of cognitive complexity. Collectively, this work introduces a paradigm-shifting approach for understanding network communication with transformative implications for both molecular medicine and artificial intelligence
Understanding Neural Mechanisms of Force Steadiness During a Fatigue Task Post Stroke
No full textStroke causes deficits in regulating submaximal forces, which are essential for maintaining postural control and performing coordinated motor tasks. These deficits are often attributed to stroke related damage in the motor cortex and corticospinal tract, which disrupts descending neural drive to motor neuron pools, and can influence force steadiness and motor unit (MU) firing behavior. Stroke survivors also experience greater neuromuscular fatiguability than neurotypical controls, which is closely linked to impaired motor unit function. However, the extent to which disruptions in descending neural input impacts MU firing behavior has not been well documented in stroke at baseline, nor when fatigued. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to quantify stroke related changes in fluctuations in common synaptic drive (CSD) and relate them to force steadiness in stroke survivors during a fatiguing contraction. Nineteen chronic stroke survivors and 15 age and sex matched neurotypical controls performed a sustained submaximal fatiguing contraction at 30% of their maximum voluntary isometric contraction. We examined the role of fluctuations in CSD to motor neuron pools on force steadiness by using a multichannel convolutive blind source separation technique to extract individual motor units in the vastus lateralis from high-density surface electromyography (EMG) recordings during the first and last 10% of the fatigue. Stroke survivors exhibited greater relative magnitudes of fluctuations in CSD and decreased force steadiness at baseline and during fatigue compared to controls. Reduced force steadiness at baseline and during fatigue correlated with increased baseline variability in CSD in stroke, but not in controls. Additionally, we found that decreased force steadiness correlated with greater variability in motor unit discharge rates at baseline and during fatigue. Our findings suggest that increased baseline variability in CSD in stroke may contribute to the impaired motor control often seen in stroke survivors and their motor systems may be more vulnerable to fatigue related disruptions in CSD, as CSD variability also increased as a result of time. Furthermore, stroke survivors may rely more heavily on CSD to activate muscles and generate movement
(WP 2025-01) Trautwein\u27s Challenge to the History of Economics
No full textHans-Michael Trautwein’s presidential address to the European Society raised provocative questions regarding the nature of current economics that should concern not just historians of economics but economists as well (Trautwein, 2017). Are the processes driving current research in economics creating a greater and greater specialization in subjects and economic thinking that is fragmenting and disunifying the field? Here I discuss Trautwein’s question and his answer to it particularly as bear on the future status and responsibilities of the history of economics as a field within economics. First, I give an account of what is involved in research specialization in science and economics. Second, I place increasing specialization in the subjects investigated in economics in an historical context, specifically, the postwar WWII history of the field. Third, I discuss Trautwein’s recommendations regarding a possible special, future role for the field of history of economics. Last, I offer praise for Trautwein for his perceptiveness and leadership as both an economist and historian of economics, and frame this in terms of what his insights can mean for thinking about the state of pluralism in economics
Mark Zuckerberg – Meta’s AGI Plan
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1462/thumbnail.jp
Examining Early-Career Principals\u27 Experiences with Coaching and Self-Efficacy Development in Wisconsin Public Schools
No full textResearch on principalship reveals that school leaders are entering the position with less experience and staying at their schools for shorter periods of time, resulting in more schools being led by novice principals. Additionally, research highlights how principals have a major influence on student achievement, teacher working conditions, and teacher retention. As a result, district leaders, and the outside organizations that support them, are faced with the challenge of inducting new principals and providing the support they need to be successful. Complicating this support are the myriads of skills, roles, and responsibilities that principals must master to be successful. This study examines the experiences early-career principals had engaging in coaching with outside organizations. Self-efficacy serves as the theoretical framework and provides a lens with which to view their growth. A single-embedded case study, utilizing semi-structured virtual interviews with participants from across the state, revealed several themes and findings that provide information to district leaders, outside organizations, and early-career principals themselves as they consider coaching as an induction support. Data analysis, using memoing and coding, confirmed the complexity of the principalship, particularly for those in the early-career stage, as they described a wide variety of needs and ways in which they received support through coaching. Data analysis also highlighted some of the conditions that did, or did not, contribute to the establishment of a close coach/principal connection, which appeared to be a prerequisite to growth. Alongside self-efficacy growth, the strategies employed by coaches were coded and analyzed to provide valuable information regarding the ways in which principals and their coaches engaged in coaching. Finally, participants in this study revealed that they believe coaching was an effective support and would recommend it as a viable option to consider when leading principal induction
Student Described Importance of Nurse Educator Caring Actions in Various Class Settings
No full textCaring pedagogy is a well-known and proven nurse educator instructional approach resulting in improved student attrition, enhanced attitude towards the students’ nursing program, and a caring approach extending into professional practice. Despite much research and development of nurse educator caring actions, the possible effect of different class settings on the student perception of these nurse educator caring actions is unknown. The purpose of this study aimed to identify how students’ rate and rank order the importance of nurse educator caring actions within the different class settings. A descriptive quantitative design was conducted to explore student perceptions of the importance of nurse educator caring actions in different class settings. This design was chosen to provide students an opportunity to rate and rank order the caring actions individually, within subcategories, and overall, in the different class settings. Independent t-test statistic, Chi-square statistic, Mann Whitney U statistical tests, and a descriptive table evaluated the two groups. The analysis revealed that five caring actions were rated as more important by in-person students. These actions included the nurse educator being attentive to the participant, sharing fun/personal photographs, memories, and/or experiences, discussing past professional experiences, inspiring the participant to continue knowledge and skill development, and including the participant in their discussions. Upon rank order analysis, the nurse educator being attentive to the student with communication, being supportive in times of stress, and facilitating the students’ growth were top ranked. Within subcategory analysis, the formation of a relationship with the nurse educator was rated of higher importance within the in-person class setting. When the caring actions were evaluated as a whole, the students within the in-person class setting rated the caring actions by the nurse educator as more important than the students within the blended class setting
Moving Beyond Traditional Multiculturalism: Dis/Ability Awareness in Counselor Education
No full textThis chapter explores the experiences of individuals with disabilities, emphasizing how they navigate educational and societal norms while balancing various identities. It emphasizes the impact of societal issues, such as racism and sexism, on individuals with disabilities. The authors delve into current multiculturalism trends, advocating for culturally responsive approaches in counselor education and rehabilitation services. The goal is to advance discussions on the future directions of multiculturalism by exploring the following key areas (a) the sociopolitical aspects of disability, (b) the inclusion of disability in counselor education, (c) accessibility and the universal design for learning (UDL), (d) culturally competent counselor education curriculum and pedagogy, and (e) implications for practice. Concepts such as intersectionality, disability, and critical race theory (DisCrit) will be examined to provide tools needed to address the complex challenges that hinder adequate service provision and counselor preparation