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Emboldened in the Rap “Game”: How Severely Stigmatized Video Models Navigate Disrespect and Vulnerability to Workplace Mistreatment.
No full textMoral stigma attached to an occupation can scar workers through discrediting, shaming, and denying respect. It can also open the door to interpersonal mistreatment, but little is known about how morally stigmatized workers navigate anticipated disrespect to potentially avoid harm. We explore this issue in a study of an occupation carrying severe moral stigma and where disrespect and workplace mistreatment are pervasive: models in hip-hop and rap music videos. Through analyses of 71 interviews with 48 video models and 19 industry informants, field observations, and archival data, we show how severe moral stigma and industry constraints promote generalized disrespect of video models (i.e., denial of worth to all role occupants) and, thus, each model’s personal vulnerability to mistreatment. Two distinct groups of models emerged from our analysis—those who viewed themselves as emboldened in their role identity and those who did not—and this emboldened role identity was associated with differing perceptions of their personal vulnerability to mistreatment and their behaviors to mitigate it. The first group of models, those reporting an emboldened role identity, perceived their vulnerability to mistreatment as controllable. They strategically used both assertive behaviors (that earned respect from others) and passive behaviors (that avoided disrespect from others) to mitigate mistreatment. By contrast, the second group perceived their vulnerability to mistreatment as uncontrollable and reported using only passive behaviors (to avoid disrespect) when mistreatment was imminent. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings, advancing knowledge of dirty work, workplace mistreatment, respect dynamics, and identity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved
Mark Zuckerberg - This Past Weekend - Theo Von #579
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1460/thumbnail.jp
The Relationship Between Trauma Exposure, Trauma Recency, and Anhedonia with Skin Conductance Responsivity to Reward
No full textMost individuals will experience a traumatic event in their lifetime, and many will go on to live with negative consequences, principle among them mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a debilitating psychiatric condition marked by both exaggerated threat responding and diminished positive affect. A large proportion of trauma-exposed individuals experience anhedonia, or an inability to feel pleasure, reflective of reward processing deficits. Notably, diminished positive affect has been shown to exist among individuals exposed to trauma without resulting PTSD diagnosis. Prior work also indicates that reduced reward responsivity may be a central feature in the development and chronicity of negative outcomes of trauma, such as trauma-related stress disorders. Despite this, the biological underpinnings of reward processing deficits in trauma-exposed samples remain poorly understood. We investigated group differences in physiological response to reward between participants with versus without trauma exposure. Second, we tested the contribution of specific mechanisms by which impairments in reward processing may manifest in trauma-exposed individuals by testing the relationship between trauma recency and anhedonia severity with physiological response to reward. Participants completed a validated fear, reward, and neutral conditioning task in the lab; reward outcome was manipulated such that participants were exposed to conditioned stimuli (CS) that predicted a steadily increasing reward receipt. Physiological response was quantified using skin conductance responses [SCRs] in response to reward CSs among participants with (n = 77) and without ( n= 42) trauma exposure. No group differences (trauma vs. non-trauma exposed) emerged during the task and we did not find evidence that recency of trauma exposure was related to physiological reward response. By contrast, anhedonia moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and physiological arousal to reward. In the trauma-exposed group, greater hedonic deficits and lower positive emotionality were related to lower physiological responding to baseline conditioned reward. When reward was scaled, those without trauma exposure but high in trait negative affect interference exhibited greater physiological responding. Findings highlight anhedonia as a relevant factor related to individual differences in physiological response to conditioned reward cues, and thus a meaningful marker of reward processing abnormalities in trauma survivors
Exploring Rotational Energy Transfer of Intermolecular Collisions in Complex Systems: A MQCT Approach
No full textThe accurate modeling of molecular spectra in astrophysical environments requires detailed understanding of collisional energy transfer processes, which remains a significant challenge due to the computational complexity of quantum mechanical calculations for larger molecules, heavier projectiles, and higher collision energies. This dissertation addresses this challenge through the development and application of Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory (MQCT), a hybrid approach that combines quantum mechanical treatment of internal molecular motion with classical description of translational degrees of freedom. The methodology was first validated through detailed study of rotational energy transfer in the ND3 + D2 system, demonstrating excellent agreement with full quantum results while offering significant computational advantages. An alternative method for computing state-to-state transition matrices was formulated and implemented in a new version of MQCT code, enhancing computational efficiency for complex scattering calculations. MQCT was then extended to the astronomically important H2O + H2 system, performing the most comprehensive calculations to date including 200 rotational states of water and states of H2 up to j=10, for collision energies up to 12,000 cm-1. This work significantly expanded existing collisional databases and provided the first detailed analysis of collisions with highly excited H2 molecules. The results revealed that rate coefficients for rotational transitions in H2O increase with H2\u27s rotational excitation, typically exceeding ground-state values by a factor of two - crucial information for modeling water in high-temperature astrophysical environments. Systematic analysis methods were developed to characterize collisional energy transfer, demonstrating that the values of cross sections correlate not only with energy gap ΔE, but also with the changes of quantum numbers Δj and Δτ. The database of state-to-state transition rate coefficients generated in this work for H2O + H2 is a significant contribution to the molecular datasets used by astrophysical community. This work promotes MQCT as a powerful and computationally efficient tool for studying complex molecular collision systems that are intractable with full quantum methods, advancing capabilities for modeling molecular collisions in diverse astrophysical environments
Exploring Electrical Impedance Tomography Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection in Three Dimensions
No full textElectrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an imaging modality whose reconstruction problem is severely ill-posed; large changes in the interior conductivity can present as small changes in the data. Due to this ill-posedness, reconstructed images generally have low spatial resolution. However, EIT remains a promising area of study for many medical imaging applications, including breast imaging. In this dissertation, a proof of concept study is discussed in Project 1: Machine Learning for Breast Cancer Detection wherein machine learning techniques are used to classify breast tumors as malignant or benign from simulated EIT voltage data. Promising results in terms of accuracy and generalizability suggest that this is an avenue worthy of future exploration. This document also explores a fast and robust class of reconstruction algorithms using Complex Geometrical Optics (CGOs) and one such method, denoted the t^B method, is implemented for the first time on electrode data and compared to existing CGO-based methods. This is the basis for Project 2: The t^B Complex Geometrical Optics Algorithm for Absolute Imaging in 3D. In this work, the t^B method was not found to produce significant improvements over existing CGO-based algorithms, though increasing the number of electrodes resulted in increased spatial resolution across all of the CGO-based methods. Finally, Project 3: Improving Full- and Partial-Boundary 3D CGO-based Reconstructions with a priori information\u27\u27 explores the use of application-specific a priori information to improve the inherently smooth reconstructions from CGO-based methods. Reconstructions largely improved in terms of spatial resolution and target localization when informed with a prior. These methods may prove particularly useful for medical imaging applications where priors could represent healthy EIT scans
In, Out, Beyond: A Theology of Selfhood Against Throwaway Culture
No full textWithin what Pope Francis calls “throwaway culture,” everything—non-human and human alike—is perceived according to the dictates of powerful individuals and impersonal analyses and systems. Throwaway culture’s anthropology is both individualist and collectivist. According to throwaway culture’s individualism, the human being is an isolated subject dualistically opposed to the world, engaged with the world through either appropriative consumption or defensive withdrawal. According to its collectivism, the human being is a meaningless object within a collective whole, determined by forces and realities wholly external to it. These apparently opposed perspectives are in fact mutually reinforcing. To theologically respond to and critique throwaway culture’s anthropology, this dissertation offers a theological anthropology through a metaphysical and theological analysis of selfhood. This response engages and brings together two contemporary thinkers: William Desmond and Rowan Williams. For a metaphysical account of the self, I turn to Desmond. For a companioning Christian theological vision, I turn to Williams. Drawing on their writings, this dissertation articulates a theological account of the self that reveals the impoverishment of throwaway culture’s anthropology and offers a viable theological alternative. The argument unfolds in three parts, according to a threefold account of the self as interior, exterior, and desiring. First, the self is an interiority that grounds the self’s determinate exterior expressions yet is not identified with any one expression. This interiority is the self’s irreducible and creaturely relation to God. Second, the self is a temporal and embodied exteriority, a surface that manifests its interiority and is constituted by relations with others, relations rooted in common creatureliness before God. Third, desire mediates between the self’s interiority and exteriority and between self and world. Desire is ultimately responsive and oriented to God. This threefold metaphysics of selfhood is confirmed and developed through Williams’s Christian theology, which describes the self in relation to Jesus, the Trinity, and the Church. According to this threefold account, the self is in no position to individually throw others away or to be itself collectively thrown away, constitutively related as it is to others and to the God (un)known both metaphysically and theologically
The Conceptual Limits of Risk Governance in Terrorism Prevention: Towards a Theory of Threat Thinking
No full textRisk theories have dominated research on policing and punishment for the past 30 years, including a growing interest in crime prevention. Drawing on excerpts from court documents of 351 counterterrorism stings, an empirical exemplar in contemporary crime prevention, I demonstrate that these cases both defy the logics of actuarial risk governance and exceed the logics of precautionary risk governance in three ways: (1) who they target; (2) how they assess these targets; and (3) what they target as a sign of dangerousness. Engaging core biopolitical ideas, including the notion of the criminal “other”, I build a theory of threat thinking, speaking to shared cultural beliefs that exceed formal governance. Threat thinking offers fresh insights into criminal justice practices in contemporary terrorism prevention and beyond, while also explaining why both adherence to risk management and rejection of it result in such similar outcomes: future-oriented strategies that disproportionately target minoritized groups
The Impact of Technological Innovations on Consumer Behavior in E-Commerce: A Systematic Review
No full textThis study systematically reviews the literature on the impact of technological innovations in e-commerce on consumer behavior, using the SPAR-4-SLR methodology and TCCM framework. It consolidates research across various technologies, including websites, social media, live streaming, AR/VR, and AI. The analysis reveals a growing interest in this field post-2017, with a focus on websites and social media, but highlights a research gap in emerging technologies. Key theoretical frameworks are identified, emphasizing the need for integration to comprehensively understand consumer behavior. The review maps out antecedents, mediators, moderators, and outcomes, stressing the importance of longitudinal studies and advanced analytics. This approach aims to bridge research gaps and suggest future directions, enhancing theoretical and practical understanding of e-commerce technological innovations, and contributing to a more dynamic and consumer-centric e-commerce ecosystem