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Health Equity and Children With Medical Complexity/Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs: A Scoping Review
No full textChildren with medical complexity (CMC) and children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN), compared with the general population, engage with the health care system at increased rates, at multiple life stages, and for a myriad of reasons (Berry et al., 2015). Operational definitions of CMC and CYSHCN are very limited, with the terms conflated and differentiated across the literature. Because of the lack of standardized definitions and general conflation of the two terms across the literature, CMC and CYSHCN will be used interchangeably for this review. Allshouse et al. (2018) defined CMC as a subset of CYSHCN “as those who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally” (p. S196). Schindler et al. (2019) included in their definition, “CMC are a growing population with multifaceted and chronic medical conditions and are a subset of CYSHCN” (p. 166). The Maternal Child Health Bureau (MCHB), part of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), has a core responsibility to monitor and improve services for CYSHCN and defines CYSHCN as those children “who have or are at increased risk for chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions requiring health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally” (Health Resources and Services Administration Maternal and Child Health Bureau [HRSA], 2022a). Despite the clinical, research, and policy interest, a consensus definition for medical complexity has been elusive (Coller et al., 2016)
Long-Term Increases in Wing Length Occur Independently of Changes in Climate and Climate-Driven Shifts in Body Size
No full textRecent widespread reductions in body size across species have been linked to increasing temperatures; simultaneous increases in wing length relative to body size have been broadly observed but remain unexplained. Size and shape may change independently of one another, or these morphological shifts may be linked, with body size mediating or directly driving the degree to which shape changes. Using hierarchical Bayesian models and a morphological time series of 27 366 specimens from five North American migratory passerine bird species, we tested the roles that climate and body size have played in shifting wing length allometry over four decades. We found that colder temperatures and reduced precipitation during the first year of life were associated with increases in wing length relative to body size but did not explain long-term increases in wing length. We found no conclusive evidence that the slope of the relationship between body size and wing length changed among adult birds in response to any climatic variable or through time, suggesting that body size does not mediate shifts in relative wing length. Together, these findings suggest that long-term increases in wing length are not a compensatory adaptation mediated by size reductions, but rather are driven by non-climatic factors
Posttraumatic Growth Among Traumatic Injury Survivors
No full textFollowing a traumatic injury, individuals are at higher risk for the development of psychological and physical health problems, such as posttraumatic stress, while the incidence and precipitating factors that lead to these negative outcomes continue to be a popular area of research. By contrast, an estimated two-thirds of survivors remain unaffected by these outcomes and are qualified as “resilient.” Despite its prevalence, significantly less is known about factors associated with resilience following traumatic injury, including the development of posttraumatic growth (PTG), a unique outcome associated with experiencing positive outcomes. Although prior reviews have documented the incidence and unique ways in which PTG manifests in other trauma samples, less is known about PTG in traumatic injury survivors. Here, a scoping review was conducted: four databases of peer-reviewed articles available in English were queried, and 31 articles describing PTG in traumatic injury samples were reviewed. This scoping review summarizes the incidence of PTG in traumatic injury survivors and describes its associated sociodemographic and injury factors, qualitative findings, relationship with psychopathology, quality of life, coping strategies, and treatment outcomes. In addition, we call attention to affective and cognitive processes associated with PTG as it manifests specifically to traumatic injury survivors. Implications for future research and clinical application are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved
Zuckerberg Facebook video announcing end of fact-checking program
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1456/thumbnail.jp
