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“Your voice is power!” Examining Motivations and Opportunity Structures for High School Athlete Activism in U.S. Interscholastic Sport
No full textWhereas scholars have established increasing insights into professional and collegiate athlete activism, high school athletics within the United States has rarely been examined as a site for activism. Utilizing an interpretive approach and informed by critical positive youth development theory and sociopolitical development theory, we conducted semistructured interviews with twelve high school athlete activists in interscholastic sport to understand what motivates high school athletes to engage in activism and what structures facilitate their engagement in activist efforts. Primary motivations for pursuing activism included lived experience with exclusion, a sense of responsibility to advocate for change, and national momentum for justice movements. Among the opportunity structures identified were educational (curricular and extracurricular) influences, involvement in interscholastic sport itself, relational support, and support from the broader community. We close by discussing managerial implications to empower those managing high school sport to create spaces where youth athletes can thrive as activists
A Systematic Review of Parents’ Mental Health Literacy Programs: Examining Program Effectiveness and Parent Satisfaction
No full textCurrent estimates suggest that nearly one in five youth in the United States have a clinically significant mental health problem. Many of these youth do not receive services, and if they do, they are often not evidence-based treatments. Parents are critical to the utilization of psychological services for youth; they are typically considered the gatekeepers to mental health services and frequently initiate help-seeking on behalf of their youth. Research has demonstrated that parents do not have sufficient knowledge and skills needed to handle youth mental health problems (i.e., mental health literacy), which likely contributes to the youth treatment disparity. To address this, the current systematic review explored global mental health literacy programs for parents to examine program effectiveness and parent satisfaction with programs. Nine programs were identified and described in terms of structure, content, and delivery method. Several programs demonstrated improvement in at least one component of parents’ mental health literacy. Additionally, when assessed, parent satisfaction was generally positive, though areas for improvement were noted (e.g., program content lacked specificity, need for more practical parenting skills). Overall, findings have meaningful implications for future research and program development
COMPARISON OF HAND-WRIST AND CVMS METHODS FOR CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH SPURT ASSESSMENT
Get PDFObjective: Hand-wrist (HW) radiographs are considered the most accurate method for assessing pubertal growth spurts in orthodontics but have declined in use due to added radiation exposure and the expertise required. Cervical vertebral maturation staging (CVMS) is now commonly used, given the routine availability of lateral cephalograms. However, the validity of CVMS remains uncertain. A recent study reported only 66% inter-observer reliability across time periods (Ingersoll, 2024). This follow-up study aims to evaluate CVMS as a predictor of growth to guide clinical decision-making. Methods: With protocol approval (MU HR-4695), this retrospective study followed a design modeled after a prior study to reduce bias. Two trained observers assessed 129 HW radiographs from the Burlington Growth sample. These radiographs were matched to lateral cephalograms used in the earlier CVMS study. All images were randomly sorted, renamed, and anonymized. Observers used the Bjork system (Hashim et al., 2018) to classify HW radiographs into pre-, peak-, or post-pubertal growth phases. These classifications were compared with the original CVMS-based classifications to evaluate validity. Results: Statistical analysis showed high inter- and intra-observer reliability (p \u3c 0.0001). However, the percent agreement between HW and CVMS classifications was relatively low. Conclusion: While observer consistency was high, agreement between HW and CVMS methods was limited. Clinicians should exercise caution when relying solely on CVMS and consider supplementing assessments with HW radiographs or additional indicators like secondary sexual characteristics
Introduction to the Historical Gazatteer of the Crimea (HGC) Repository
Get PDFIntroduction Henryk Jankowski’s historical-etymological dictionary of pre-Russian habitation names in Crimea1 contains toponyms of approximately 1,300 unique habitations that existed in this region prior to Russian annexation in 1783. The Historical Gazetteer of Crimea (HGC) is an open-access georeferenced gazetteer of historical places derived from Jankowski’s work. The HGC includes 135 habitations, 43 districts, 6 provinces, and 17 rivers shown on Jankowski’s map accompanying his book HGC materials are available through a Marquette University repository. Here we provide an overview of the HGC and the associated repository, starting with a review of the information sources used to create the gazetteer, followed by descriptions of the general HGC dataset format and the habitation, district, and province datasets. Description of HGC support datasets contained in this repository are then provided, followed by directions on how to access the dataset. Finally, advantages of associating gazetteer places with the GeoNames database are discussed. The authors encourage students, researchers, and the public to use HGC materials in their investigations of this historically and currently critical region of the world. To this end, all HGC materials are being made available through a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication license. For geographers and historians in general, the HGC also provides an example of an approach to creating an open-access georeferenced gazetteer of historical places
THE LOCAL NEIGHBORHOOD INTERACTIONS SHAPING TREE COMMUNITIES THROUGH ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Get PDFMy dissertation consists of four chapters focused on understanding the factors maintaining local species diversity, addressing a central goal of ecology increasingly critical for preserving ecosystem services and human well-being in the face of climate change. Specifically, I investigate how local neighborhoods – that is, the spatial arrangement, density, and identity of nearby competitors – contribute to patterns of growth and survival along gradients of ecological disturbance and environmental change using forest tree communities as a study system. In my first chapter, I develop a conceptual framework that synthesizes why we may expect local neighborhood interactions to weaken under ecological disturbances that primarily affect competitive densities or nutrient availability. This framework provides a foundation for understanding how disturbance-altered neighborhood interactions may influence forest recovery trajectories and community assembly. For my second and third chapters, I focus on examining neighborhood interactions of two dominant conifer species in Pacific Northwest: P. menziesii (Douglas-fir) and T. heterophylla (Western hemlock) across life-stage and environmental condition. First, I examine how wildfires influence local neighborhood interactions between seedlings and surviving adults, revealing how wildfire disrupts neighborhood interactions that are otherwise thought to stabilize local populations in undisturbed ecosystems. Then, I use dendrochronological techniques to analyze how neighborhood interactions influence 60 years of climate-growth relationships in large, established adult trees. I demonstrate that interannual climate variability alters the strength and direction of neighborhood interactions, with species-specific responses to temperature and precipitation that may shift competitive dynamics under future climate scenarios. Finally, my fourth chapter investigates an important underlying driver of neighborhood interactions: the soil microbiome. I demonstrate that pathogenic fungi are more associated with tree community composition at low elevations, which have stronger stabilizing neighborhood interactions, whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi are more associated with tree community composition at high elevations, which have weaker stabilizing neighborhood interactions. Collectively, this dissertation advances our understanding of how stressors associated with environmental change and ecological disturbance alter the local interactions thought to contribute to maintaining diverse communities, with implications for predicting forest community responses to climate change and climate-altered disturbance regimes
Scope and Mechanism of the Ruthenium-Catalyzed sp\u3csup\u3e3\u3c/sup\u3e C–H Coupling Reaction of 2-Alkylindoles with Enones for the Synthesis of Carbazole Derivatives
No full textThe catalytic system consisting of a cationic Ru–H complex 1 and 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (L1) was found to be highly effective for the dehydrative sp3 C–H coupling reaction of 2-alkyl substituted indoles with enones to form 2,4-disubstituted carbazole products. The analogous coupling reaction of 2-alkylindoles with linear enones bearing the cyclic olefinic group afforded tetracyclic carbazole products. A normal deuterium kinetic isotope effect was measured from the coupling reaction of 1,2-dimethylindole versus 1-methyl-2-(methyl-d3)indole with (E)-3-penten-2-one (kH/kD = 2.5). The Hammett plot was constructed from the reaction of para-substituted indoles 5-X-1,2-dimethylindole (X = OMe, Me, H, F, and Cl) with 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (ρ = −1.6 ± 0.2). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to obtain a complete energy profile for the coupling reaction. The combined experimental and DFT computational data revealed a detailed mechanistic path that features an initial coupling of indole and enone substrates, the turnover-limiting heterolytic sp3 C–H activation step, and the subsequent cyclization and dehydration steps. The catalytic method provides an efficient synthesis of carbazole derivatives from the dehydrative sp3 C–H coupling reaction of readily available indole with enone substrates without employing any reactive reagents or forming wasteful byproducts
An Evaluation of a US College Student-Athletes’ Peer Support Training Program: A Pilot Project
Get PDFPurpose
This pilot project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of peer support competency training in relation to college student-athletes’ peer support skills and well-being.
Design/methodology/approach
This project included four 90-min training sessions on peer support competency skills based on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s peer support core competencies guidelines. A mixed-method design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training by measuring their peer support ability and through focus groups to gain insight into their experience.
Findings
A two-way analysis of variance yielded a significantly higher well-being score at the posttraining. Qualitative data revealed an increased sense of connection during the training period among participants.
Research limitations/implications
This pilot project had several limitations for generalization. This pilot project consisted of a small sample size, and most of the athletes were recruited from track and field, soccer, lacrosse and cross country. Ongoing peer support program evaluation and future research with student-athletes with diverse backgrounds is essential to promote student-athletes’ mental health.
Practical implications
Peer support or peer educator program in the athletics department represents an opportunity for universities to provide an accessible mental health resource for student-athletes. To ensure the effectiveness of the peer support program, it is important that mental health professionals in the athletics department provide basic trainings for members in empathy listening skills, self-compassion, coping strategies and mental health resources.
Social implications
Group experiential training could increase peer support efficacy and strengthen a sense of community. Because peer support programs are not counseling or therapy programs, it allows easy access to mental health support for student-athletes.
Originality/value
This work has not been submitted elsewhere or under consideration by any other publication. The authors report there are no competing interests to declare
Nursing Perspective Regarding the Stigma Associated With Disability
Get PDFThe “Gendered Disabilities” project is an attempt to shed the light on the support needed for families caring for persons with disabilities, in general, and Muslim families caring for persons with disabilities, in particular. Without a doubt, stigma plays a major role in the ways in which different sociocultural groups experience disability. Therefore, understanding stigma as related to disability will help the health care professionals include strategies to reduce stigma and health disparities within minority communities
Disabilities Project Initial Report
Get PDFThis report describes the processes, aims, and outcomes of the Disabilities Digital Archive, a project conducted as part of Arab and Muslim Women’s Research and Resource Institute’s vision to create data and oral histories regarding women’s experiences and transform them into meaningful information. To this end, this project seeks to explore gendered disability and facilitate more complex understandings of disability at the intersection of gender, culture, immigration, and other modes of identity. By collecting data from Muslim community members in Milwaukee, including people with differences of ability and their families, caregivers, Imams and religious scholars, community organization leaders, and health care/mental health professionals, it presents a fuller picture to break down stigma and increase access to resources for people with differences of ability