43618 research outputs found
Sort by
Development of a Probabilistic Interaction Rule and Failure Pressure Model for Pipelines with a Colony of Corrosion Defects
No full textThe interaction effect originating from a defect colony can pose a higher pipeline failure risk than the case when such possible interaction is not considered. Recognizing the limitations in existing models that can lead to inaccurate pipeline integrity assessment, the goal of this study is to develop a probabilistic interaction rule and predictive burst failure pressure model for pipelines with a colony of corrosion defects. First, a comprehensive database of burst failure pressure for pipes with a colony of corrosion is established that encompasses a wide range of influencing factors (e.g., spacing, defect sizes, and material properties) on the defect interaction. The performance of existing interaction rules compared in this study using probability of correct defect interaction shows an inconsistency in the existing rules and need for further improvement that considers all influencing factors (including the defect geometries and pipeline properties) holistically. In addition, the results of the performance comparison of existing burst pressure models for pipelines with a colony of corrosion defects have revealed that most existing models are conservative. The proposed interaction rule is then developed by adopting a logistic regression algorithm and holistically considering all possible influencing factors (including pipe properties and colony configurations) as independent variables. In comparison to existing interaction rules, the proposed interaction rule has the most accurate interaction predictions. Next, the failure pressure prediction model is developed by adding a correction factor to the Mixed-Type Interaction (MTI) method, which is revealed as the best method by the performance comparison of existing models conducted in this study; and the correction factor is modeled through the adoption of a multivariate linear regression, using the pipe properties and adjacent defects characteristics as the independent variables. The proposed failure prediction model is shown to be unbiased with less prediction variation compared to the best existing model. Lastly, the case study of an example pipeline with colony defects illustrates the significance of considering interaction effect on the failure prediction of the pipeline
Embodied Empowerment: Somatic Approaches to Gender Violence and Trauma
No full textThis special issue brings together recent research on embodiment and practitioner-based somatic approaches to examine trauma and healing from violence. Contributors address the long-term somatic impact of oppression and the effects of structural inequalities enacted and perpetuated through bodies and in interaction with other bodies. Somatic practices and embodiment are addressed through the lens of intergenerational trauma, gendered, racialized, political, and colonial violence, and interpersonal and collective trauma. The introductory article contextualizes embodied empowerment, collective healing, and activist-research possibilities
“Your voice is power!” Examining Motivations and Opportunity Structures for High School Athlete Activism in U.S. Interscholastic Sport
No full textWhereas scholars have established increasing insights into professional and collegiate athlete activism, high school athletics within the United States has rarely been examined as a site for activism. Utilizing an interpretive approach and informed by critical positive youth development theory and sociopolitical development theory, we conducted semistructured interviews with twelve high school athlete activists in interscholastic sport to understand what motivates high school athletes to engage in activism and what structures facilitate their engagement in activist efforts. Primary motivations for pursuing activism included lived experience with exclusion, a sense of responsibility to advocate for change, and national momentum for justice movements. Among the opportunity structures identified were educational (curricular and extracurricular) influences, involvement in interscholastic sport itself, relational support, and support from the broader community. We close by discussing managerial implications to empower those managing high school sport to create spaces where youth athletes can thrive as activists
A Systematic Review of Parents’ Mental Health Literacy Programs: Examining Program Effectiveness and Parent Satisfaction
No full textCurrent estimates suggest that nearly one in five youth in the United States have a clinically significant mental health problem. Many of these youth do not receive services, and if they do, they are often not evidence-based treatments. Parents are critical to the utilization of psychological services for youth; they are typically considered the gatekeepers to mental health services and frequently initiate help-seeking on behalf of their youth. Research has demonstrated that parents do not have sufficient knowledge and skills needed to handle youth mental health problems (i.e., mental health literacy), which likely contributes to the youth treatment disparity. To address this, the current systematic review explored global mental health literacy programs for parents to examine program effectiveness and parent satisfaction with programs. Nine programs were identified and described in terms of structure, content, and delivery method. Several programs demonstrated improvement in at least one component of parents’ mental health literacy. Additionally, when assessed, parent satisfaction was generally positive, though areas for improvement were noted (e.g., program content lacked specificity, need for more practical parenting skills). Overall, findings have meaningful implications for future research and program development
COMPARISON OF HAND-WRIST AND CVMS METHODS FOR CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH SPURT ASSESSMENT
Full text linkObjective: Hand-wrist (HW) radiographs are considered the most accurate method for assessing pubertal growth spurts in orthodontics but have declined in use due to added radiation exposure and the expertise required. Cervical vertebral maturation staging (CVMS) is now commonly used, given the routine availability of lateral cephalograms. However, the validity of CVMS remains uncertain. A recent study reported only 66% inter-observer reliability across time periods (Ingersoll, 2024). This follow-up study aims to evaluate CVMS as a predictor of growth to guide clinical decision-making. Methods: With protocol approval (MU HR-4695), this retrospective study followed a design modeled after a prior study to reduce bias. Two trained observers assessed 129 HW radiographs from the Burlington Growth sample. These radiographs were matched to lateral cephalograms used in the earlier CVMS study. All images were randomly sorted, renamed, and anonymized. Observers used the Bjork system (Hashim et al., 2018) to classify HW radiographs into pre-, peak-, or post-pubertal growth phases. These classifications were compared with the original CVMS-based classifications to evaluate validity. Results: Statistical analysis showed high inter- and intra-observer reliability (p \u3c 0.0001). However, the percent agreement between HW and CVMS classifications was relatively low. Conclusion: While observer consistency was high, agreement between HW and CVMS methods was limited. Clinicians should exercise caution when relying solely on CVMS and consider supplementing assessments with HW radiographs or additional indicators like secondary sexual characteristics
Introduction to the Historical Gazatteer of the Crimea (HGC) Repository
Full text linkIntroduction Henryk Jankowski’s historical-etymological dictionary of pre-Russian habitation names in Crimea1 contains toponyms of approximately 1,300 unique habitations that existed in this region prior to Russian annexation in 1783. The Historical Gazetteer of Crimea (HGC) is an open-access georeferenced gazetteer of historical places derived from Jankowski’s work. The HGC includes 135 habitations, 43 districts, 6 provinces, and 17 rivers shown on Jankowski’s map accompanying his book HGC materials are available through a Marquette University repository. Here we provide an overview of the HGC and the associated repository, starting with a review of the information sources used to create the gazetteer, followed by descriptions of the general HGC dataset format and the habitation, district, and province datasets. Description of HGC support datasets contained in this repository are then provided, followed by directions on how to access the dataset. Finally, advantages of associating gazetteer places with the GeoNames database are discussed. The authors encourage students, researchers, and the public to use HGC materials in their investigations of this historically and currently critical region of the world. To this end, all HGC materials are being made available through a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication license. For geographers and historians in general, the HGC also provides an example of an approach to creating an open-access georeferenced gazetteer of historical places
THE LOCAL NEIGHBORHOOD INTERACTIONS SHAPING TREE COMMUNITIES THROUGH ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Full text linkMy dissertation consists of four chapters focused on understanding the factors maintaining local species diversity, addressing a central goal of ecology increasingly critical for preserving ecosystem services and human well-being in the face of climate change. Specifically, I investigate how local neighborhoods – that is, the spatial arrangement, density, and identity of nearby competitors – contribute to patterns of growth and survival along gradients of ecological disturbance and environmental change using forest tree communities as a study system. In my first chapter, I develop a conceptual framework that synthesizes why we may expect local neighborhood interactions to weaken under ecological disturbances that primarily affect competitive densities or nutrient availability. This framework provides a foundation for understanding how disturbance-altered neighborhood interactions may influence forest recovery trajectories and community assembly. For my second and third chapters, I focus on examining neighborhood interactions of two dominant conifer species in Pacific Northwest: P. menziesii (Douglas-fir) and T. heterophylla (Western hemlock) across life-stage and environmental condition. First, I examine how wildfires influence local neighborhood interactions between seedlings and surviving adults, revealing how wildfire disrupts neighborhood interactions that are otherwise thought to stabilize local populations in undisturbed ecosystems. Then, I use dendrochronological techniques to analyze how neighborhood interactions influence 60 years of climate-growth relationships in large, established adult trees. I demonstrate that interannual climate variability alters the strength and direction of neighborhood interactions, with species-specific responses to temperature and precipitation that may shift competitive dynamics under future climate scenarios. Finally, my fourth chapter investigates an important underlying driver of neighborhood interactions: the soil microbiome. I demonstrate that pathogenic fungi are more associated with tree community composition at low elevations, which have stronger stabilizing neighborhood interactions, whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi are more associated with tree community composition at high elevations, which have weaker stabilizing neighborhood interactions. Collectively, this dissertation advances our understanding of how stressors associated with environmental change and ecological disturbance alter the local interactions thought to contribute to maintaining diverse communities, with implications for predicting forest community responses to climate change and climate-altered disturbance regimes