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“To Determine Their Own Educational Destinies”: How Indigenous-Sovereign Educational Activism Ended Termination and Brought About Self-Determination, 1960-1975.
No full textThroughout the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, the United States government weaponized education to assimilate Native Americans culturally and politically into mainstream American society. From 1871 into 1930s, the federal government forced Native children to attend boarding schools, separating Native children from their communities and assaulted their Indigenous cultures and languages. By 1960, Native communities in Alaska and Arizona began to advocate for greater control over the educational opportunities available to their children, while, simultaneously, Native employees in the federal government worked to change the outcomes of federal Indian education policy. Native communities demanded greater influence in school administrations, lobbied the federal and public schools to hire more Indigenous teachers, and pushed for the school curricula to include courses on their community’s history and language. Simultaneously, Native employees in the Bureau of Indian Affairs proposed new policies designed to provide Native communities more choice and control in education and to end schooling as an assimilationist tool. By employing Native voices, found in Native newspapers, federal documents, oral interviews, and memoirs, and in the actions of Native employees within the federal government, this dissertation demonstrates the foundational role that educational activism played in the Native self-determination movements during the 1960s and 1970s. This activism, which consisted of the combined, yet oftentimes disconnected, efforts of grassroots groups, national Native organizations, educators, parents, students, and Native and non-Native employees in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, advocated for Indigenous-sovereign education and an end to federal policies of assimilation and paternalism. Indigenous-sovereign education activism illustrates one of the most important ways in which Native communities continued to resist assimilation efforts and reinvigorate their own cultures and languages; by ensuring that the younger generations received opportunities to learn their heritage, from their kin and neighbors, in their own languages, and in their own communities
The Coloniality of Age: Temporal Dominance and the Governance of Maturity
No full textThis dissertation explores the coloniality of age, examining how age of consent laws historically functioned as tools of colonial domination and continue to perpetuate Eurocentric models of development and temporality. Drawing on decolonial theory, queer temporality, and feminist critiques of universalism, the project interrogates the global application of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), particularly its universal age of consent standard. While the UNCRC aims to protect children from sexual exploitation, it imposes Euro-modern constructions of childhood and maturity, flattening cultural specificities and reinforcing hierarchies of moral progress. By highlighting the colonial history of age governance, this dissertation raises critical questions about how to navigate ethical commitments from within imperial legal structures. The analysis begins with a historical account of age of consent laws, tracing their colonial origins and their role in structuring imperial time—a unidirectional, developmental timeline that hierarchizes societies. This temporal logic denies colonized populations access to adulthood and humanity, relegating them to perpetual immaturity. The project critiques universal rights frameworks in transnational feminist interventions, which often reproduce the colonial logics they seek to disrupt. Drawing on Aníbal Quijano, María Lugones, and Serene Khader, the dissertation argues that the age of consent must be decolonized to disentangle it from its colonial and teleological underpinnings. By introducing the concept of phases—temporalities that resist linear narratives and emphasize relational, context-dependent growth—the project proposes an alternative framework for addressing sexual violence. This reimagined universal standard centers anti-imperialist praxis, balancing youth protection with the recognition of their agency and cultural specificity. Ultimately, the dissertation positions the coloniality of age as a critical lens for understanding the intersections of temporality, sexuality, and global power structures, contributing to broader efforts to decolonize human rights discourse and reimagine developmental norms. Addressing exploitation thus requires more than legal intervention; it demands rethinking the temporal and epistemic frameworks that structure how vulnerability, maturity, and agency are understood
Flex-Fuel Mixing-Controlled Combustion Enabled by Prechamber Ignition (PC-MCC)
No full textThere is an imminent need to displace fossil diesel fuel with cleaner burning, domestically produced, renewable fuels for use in heavy-duty engines. Bioethanol is a prime candidate as it widely adopted in the U.S. as a gasoline additive ranging in volume percentage from 10% (E10) up to 85% (E85). Direct substitution of market available ethanol-gasoline blends for diesel fuel is not plausible as the stark reactivity differences would not constitute the same ignition quality nor achieve auto-ignition at all. This work focuses on the development of prechamber enabled mixing-controlled combustion (PC-MCC) as an advanced ignition strategy to facilitate reliable ignition and diffusion style combustion ethanol-gasoline fuel blends. PC-MCC involves the integration of an actively fueled prechamber (PC) into a conventional compression ignition combustion system. When ignited, the PC ejects hot turbulent jets into the main combustion chamber that then interact with the direct injected fuel, prompting immediate ignition. The PC jet flames provide a robust thermal ignition source that allows the engine to operate agnostic of fuel composition, or flex-fuel. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to assess critical design features of the PC while garnering insights into the ignition strategies that facilitate robust performance. A key finding was the ignition performance benefits of fuel-rich PC operation which yield exothermic jets. Based on the numerical findings, a prototype igniter was tested experimentally on both single and multi-cylinder engine platforms at a variety of operating conditions. The experimental results indicate flex-fuel PC-MCC is well capable of diesel-like combustion processes by demonstrating matched or improved gross thermal efficiencies and load variability within 2%. Fuel grade ethanol (E98) exhibited consistently lower NOx and immeasurable soot across the load space. E98 also demonstrated a significant improvement in thermal efficiency at light loads
Review of \u3cem\u3eVagrant Figures: Law, Literature, and the Origins of the Police\u3c/em\u3e
No full textWelcome to LlamaCon 2025 - Closing Session!
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1461/thumbnail.jp
Zuckerberg Facebook reel announcing Meta AI app
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1465/thumbnail.jp
Arab American Well-Being and Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkArab, Middle Eastern, and North African Americans experience various forms of racial–ethnic trauma in the United States, including historical and intergenerational trauma (IGT). The population has been migrating to the United States since the 1800s, and the number of migrants has risen in recent decades due to war, persecution, and family reunification. As a result, the children of these migrants may be exposed to IGT, with research suggesting that descendants of individuals who have experienced trauma are more susceptible to poor mental health outcomes. Using semistructured interviews, alongside the art of storytelling and empowerment through critical consciousness, this study investigated how IGT may be transmitted to Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African second-generation immigrants in the United States. Data from 12 participants were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two superordinate themes were identified from the interviews and included (a) process of IGT and (b) family communication. The first superordinate theme included the following subthemes: historical family context, perceived parent trauma responses, transmission of emotional pain, and immigrant guilt. The second superordinate theme included the following subthemes: silence, avoidance of emotion, intergenerational storytelling, and responsibility to pass down stories. Clinical and research implications are examined, emphasizing the integration of storytelling into research studies to enhance meaning-making for both participants and researchers. For clinicians, the application of narratives in therapeutic work is explored as a potential healing mechanism in individual and group therapy settings
Visible-Light-Driven Catalytic Dehalogenation of Trichloroacetic Acid and \u3cem\u3eα\u3c/em\u3e-Halocarbonyl Compounds: Multiple Roles of Copper
No full textHerein, we report the reaction development and mechanistic studies of visible-light-driven Cu-catalyzed dechlorination of trichloroacetic acid for the highly selective formation of monochloroacetic acid. Visible-light-driven transition metal catalysis via an inner-sphere pathway features the dual roles of transition metal species in photoexcitation and substrate activation steps, and a detailed mechanistic understanding of their roles is crucial for the further development of light-driven catalysis. This catalytic method, which features environmentally desired ascorbic acid as the hydrogen atom source and water/ethanol as the solvent, can be further applied to the dehalogenation of a variety of halocarboxylic acids and amides. Spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and kinetic studies have revealed the detailed mechanism of the roles of copper in photoexcitation, thermal activation of the first C–Cl bond, and excited-state activation of the second C–Cl bond via excited-state chlorine atom transfer
When Can We Detect Lianas from Space? Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Liana-Infested Forest Optics
Full text linkLianas, woody vines acting as structural parasites of trees, have profound effects on the composition and structure of tropical forests, impacting tree growth, mortality, and forest succession. Remote sensing could offer a powerful tool for quantifying the scale of liana infestation, provided the availability of robust detection methods. We analyze the consistency and global geographic specificity of spectral signals—reflectance across wavelengths—from liana-infested tree crowns and forest stands, examining the underlying mechanisms of these signals. We compiled a uniquely comprehensive database, including leaf reflectance spectra from 5424 leaves, fine-scale airborne reflectance data from 999 liana-infested canopies, and coarse-scale satellite reflectance data covering 775 ha of liana-infested forest stands. To unravel the mechanisms of the liana spectral signal, we applied mechanistic radiative transfer models across scales, establishing a synthesis of the relative importance of different mechanisms, which we corroborate with field data on liana leaf chemistry and canopy structure. We find a consistent liana spectral signal at canopy and stand scales across globally distributed sites. This signature mainly arises at the canopy level due to direct effects of more horizontal leaf angles, resulting in a larger projected leaf area, and indirect effects from increased light scattering in the near and short-wave infrared regions, linked to lianas\u27 less costly leaf construction compared with trees on average. The existence of a consistent global spectral signal for lianas suggests that large-scale quantification of liana infestation is feasible. However, because the traits responsible for the liana canopy-reflectance signal are not exclusive to lianas, accurate large-scale detection requires rigorously validated remote sensing methods. Our models highlight challenges in automated detection, such as potential misidentification due to leaf phenology, tree life history, topography, and climate, especially where the scale of liana infestation is less than a single remote sensing pixel. The observed cross-site patterns also prompt ecological questions about lianas\u27 adaptive similarities in optical traits across environments, indicating possible convergent evolution due to shared constraints on leaf biochemical and structural traits