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She was not given to tears: Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Mumbet, and (Un)Bridgeable Sympathy
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The future of Japanese naming practices : Predicting how names will change under the amended Family Register Act
Get PDFAlthough there have been limits on the forms of writing which may be used in Japanese names since the mid-20th century, beyond limited court cases, there have been largely no restrictions on the phonological forms of names. This will soon change, however, following amendments to the Family Register Act ratified in June of 2023. The amendments were first advanced due to the need to add space to record the phonological forms of names in family registers under the new My Number identification system, but they were also partially motivated by popular concerns that names are increasingly difficult to read （Satō, 2007; Unser-Schutz, 2016）, and the final ratified act stated that names must use generally recognized readings. Following a review of how the amendments came to be, the current paper review squalitative data of names initially analyzed in Unser-Schutz （2023） to consider how frequently names might be restricted in the future. Out of 2,627 matched phonological/graphic forms of children’s names extracted from municipal newsletters, 1,011 names（ 38.48%） included potentially problematic non-standard readings. Although the amendments intentionally avoided overly restrictive language out of respect of Japanese naming practices, this suggests that one-in-three names will likely require additional explanations to be approved of. In addition to being a potentially significant burden on city office staff who process birth registration paperwork, it may also change how parents approach choosing names, both in terms of how far in advance they choose them; what evidence they collect as justification; and what resources they use.departmental bulletin pape
The Transition from Formal Discipline to Behavioral Objectives Approach and Its Aftermath in Japan
Get PDFIn this paper, I intend to clarify the achievements and significance of Edward Thorndike, a renowned American psychologist who helped lay the scientific foundation for educational psychology, concerning designing the Japanese curriculum which has developed in due course of time. Thorndike’s epochmaking empirical discovery threatened “formal discipline”, a concept that certain subjects should bestudied for the primary purpose of exercising and developing general intelligence which was prevalent during the time. Contradicting his epoch-making discovery, Ralph W. Tyler developed a behavioral objectives approach, initially designed as a tool for transferring intangible educational achievement into observable academic reward. Educational attainment is translated as “attainment objectives” in Japanese. This concept has been prevalent in the contemporary Japanese curriculum, academic course of study, syllabus, study carte, PDCA, and others. Educators are now swamped with these papers rather than actual teaching practice. The current behavioral objectives approach has disadvantages and the deficiency must be analyzed and reconsidered. In the 1970s, the dominant curriculum paradigm was challenged by the phenomenological paradigm, “Rashomon approach.” Despite its authenticity, this paradigm lost the hegemony of curriculum reformation. The mainstream of the curriculum discourse has been geared toward the behavioral objectives approach in Japan.departmental bulletin pape
Keynes’s Monetary Policy and International Monetary Reform: A study of the monetary economics in the Book Ⅶ of the Treatise
Get PDFこの論文では，主として『貨幣論Ⅱ』第7 編における銀行の貨幣管理と国際通貨改革に関するケインズの議論を検討する．ついで，貨幣政策と国際通貨改革に関するケインズの提案について検討し，『一般理論』へと発展するための入り口を見出すよう努力する．なお，本稿において，古代通貨の研究に始まり，国際通貨に関する計表本位（国際計算貨幣）に至るまでの貨幣に関するケインズの研究に関する一連の読解をひとまず終了する．つづいて，ケインズ金融史理論に関する研究は，貨幣に関する研究から資本と利子に関する理論、すなわち『一般理論』の研究へと進んでいく．I present an understanding of the theory of monetary policy and international monetary reform suggested by Keynes in the Book Seven of A Treatise on Money（Treatise）. And I try to bridge the gap of understandings between the Treatise and the General Theory in this essay. Keynes applied the theory of the domestic monetary policy to the international money market and proposed a plan for reformation of the international gold standard into a new system of monetary control by international central bank. The international central bank, called Supernational Bank (SNB）, would extend the credit to central banks of each member countries when they were suffered from the international payment difficulties or banking crisis. The SNB would also perform comprehensive monetary policy for each central bankers just as the Bank of England had been performed for a Century in the London money market. The SNB would also issue and supply the Supernational Bank Money （SBM） in the international money market as the international ‘Lender of the Last Resort’. The SBM had been taken over by International Monetary Fund（ IMF） as the Special Drawing Right（ SDR） since the end of the second World War. However, Keynes seemed to be very skeptical about the controllability of monetary policy by both international and domestic central bankers after the greatest depression in 1929-33. The closed conservative banking policy could not manage various risks under the uncertain financial liberalization and globalization. Furthermore, world-wide unemployment problem against capitalistic free market economy suggested the paradigm shift of monetary economic theory including of the public financial policy in the international capital market. I found an introduction to the study of the General Theory in the Chapter 37 of the Treatise. The more advanced theory of money and capital should be studied in the General Theory.departmental bulletin pape
A Study of the Industrial Policy on China’s Electric Vehicle Industry
Get PDF中国は現在，すでに日米欧を上回る世界最大の電気自動車（EV）産業大国になっている．中国のEV 産業の急成長が可能になった最大の原因の1 つは中央・地方政府の支援政策であると主張する論点が多いが，これに関する学術的な視点から系統的な研究は必ずしも十分ではない．本稿の目的は，中国EV 産業の急激な発展をもたらした政府の産業政策がどのように制定されたかを明らかにすることである．本稿の分析によって中国EV 産業政策に関する重要な発見が6 つあった．（1）EV 産業政策の発端は遅れた技術である．（2）EV 産業政策制定に向けて最初に動き出したのは，技術官僚，技術者および政府系シンクタンクである．（3）EV 産業政策制定に関わる政府官庁の多さは半端ではない．（4）EV 産業政策制定の奥深さも突出している．（5）EV 産業政策は「長寿型」政策という特徴をもつ．（6）中国EV 産業政策は多様な形態という性格をもつ．departmental bulletin pape