Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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“Jagong Pemuda” or Youth Dialogue: Building Independence and Moderate Attitudes in a Multicultural Society
No full textThe study of multicultural societies can help create a more tolerant society, moderate in religion, and better prepared to face complex social, political, and economic changes. "Jagong Pemuda," as a method aimed at exploring and identifying the potentials within the village that can be empowered to enhance independence, welfare, competitiveness, and moderate attitudes in a multicultural society. This research adopts the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which is a strategic framework aimed at harnessing the strengths and resources already present within a community. The ABCD approach consists of five key steps: Discovery, Dream, Design, Define, and Destiny. The object of discussion is all the activities of discussions, FGD, consolidation, and synergistic collaboration in utilizing the strengths and resources by all community elements through "Jagong Pemuda" in Bulu Lor Village, Jambon District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that Bulu Lor Village has great potential in its multicultural diversity, with a Muslim majority and Buddhist and Christian minorities. "Jagong Pemuda" plays a role as a communication space that connects youth, government, and society to achieve significant empowerment, aiming to improve independence and welfare. By utilizing cultural, economic, tourism, and educational potentials, Bulu Lor Village has the opportunity to develop into an independent, prosperous, and harmonious village with sustainable moderate life
High-Performance Bootstrapped Sample & Hold Circuit for ADCs: Achieving Low Power and Enhanced SNR/SNDR in 45nm CMOS Technology
No full textA sample and hold (S/H) system is commonly used alongside Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) to accurately convert analog signals into digital form. This paper presents a low-power bootstrapped S/H circuit designed to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR), and power efficiency in both low and high-frequency applications. By charging the bootstrap capacitor through a connection between the transistor\u27s source and body, the input range is increased, which lowers power consumption without affecting the SNDR. The proposed design, developed using the bootstrapped method, maintains the functionality of the sample and hold circuit while boosting the differential input signal amplitude to 300mV in 45nm CMOS technology. The design demonstrates minimal power consumption of 0.21, 0.027, and 0.23µW, while achieving higher SNR values of 72.43, 66.79, and 77.57dB at 50, 100, and 500MS/s, respectively. Additionally, the SNDR shows improved values of 52.47, 52.95, and 51.22dB at those same sampling rates. The proposed bootstrapped S/H circuit was simulated using LT Spice IV in 45nm CMOS technology
Utilizing Calcined Hard Clam Shells for Phosphate Removal Using an Up-flow Column Reactor Through Water Solution
No full textPhosphate pollution in aquatic environments is a critical environmental issue that poses a significant threat to water quality and the ecosystem, primarily from agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and domestic wastewater effluents. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of calcining hard clam shells in phosphate removal and to understand the mass transfer process within an up-flow column reactor. Experimental data was analyzed using an up-flow column reactor to study the adsorption of phosphate deposited on the surface of calcined hard clam shells. According to preliminary findings, calcined hard clam shells show great potential for use as phosphate adsorbents due to their promising capacity and efficiency. The primary materials responsible for phosphate removal are calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) generated through the calcination process, facilitating phosphate adsorption and precipitation. The analysis indicates that deeper adsorbent layers sustain better removal efficiencies throughout time. In contrast, shallower adsorbent layers approach solute saturation quickly through an up-flow column reactor. More extended periods of effective adsorption are provided by deeper adsorbent beds, according to the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model. These results are corroborated by the Thomas and Modified Mass Transfer Factor (MMTF) models, which demonstrate that while adsorption rates are higher in shallower beds, deeper beds have higher total capacities and longer service durations. This study contributes a thorough assessment of calcine hard clam shells as an affordable and environmentally friendly way to remove phosphate from wastewater, helping to reduce eutrophication in aquatic environments and improving tertiary wastewater treatment methods
Adaptive Intrusion Response via Federated Meta-Learning for IIoT Zero-Day Mitigation
Get PDFThe industrial evolution has meant that Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices have exponentially increased, and as such, industrial automation has now become a reality since they are capable of monitoring in real-time, making predictions, and improving efficiency. These environments are fluid and privacy-sensitive environments that need collaborative and privacy-preserving learning models that are able to rapidly adapt to the emerging threats. Federated meta-learning has become a potentially promising method that unites the flexibility of meta-learning and the distributed and privacy-concerned design of federated learning. This document suggests an adaptive security solution to employ Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) and Reptile-based federated approaches to intrusion response and zero-day attacks prevention of IIoT systems. The experimental data needed to train and test involves synthetic traffic of IIoT networks that is simulated using stochastic attack generator modules. Indicators of performance, namely detection performance, false positive rate, latency, and convergence efficiency, were provided by means of classification tools in the form of confusion matrix visualization, ROC curves, and loss progression graphs. The framework has been tested and run in a simulated environment of controlled tests in which MATLAB code driven by a matrix has internal data and inbuilt comparative agents. The experiments reveal that MAML-FL has a better result when it comes to generalization and zero-day threats mitigation, whereas Reptile-FL is more efficient in terms of seeking communication and faster convergence rates. In this paper, the authors present a scalable and robust architecture capable of providing a trade-off between real-time learning, adversarial robustness, and communication efficiency, thereby making the IIoT ecosystems intelligent and secure in their automation
Sustainability in Urban Transit: The Role of Expectancy Theory to Gain Loyalty Among Passengers of Free Bus Services in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of free bus services on passenger satisfaction, loyalty and environmental sustainability in Klang Valley. By applying the Expectancy Theory, the study explores the relationship between passenger expectations and actual service performance across various dimensions. The survey was conducted in Klang Valley among a sample of 314 regular passengers of the free bus service. Notably, while few passengers explicitly used the service for environmental reasons, all participants contributed to sustainability by reducing reliance on private vehicles, thereby lowering carbon emissions without realizing it. This highlights the environmental benefits of free bus services and their role in promoting eco-friendly urban transit. The findings revealed significant gaps between expectations and satisfaction levels, particularly in comfort (mean difference = 4.11041) and responsiveness (mean difference = 3.61529), which adversely affected passenger loyalty (mean difference = 3.37847). The Spearman’s rho coefficients indicated statistically significant correlations at the 0.01 level across all examined factors, with moderate correlations observed for responsiveness (0.420) and information accuracy (0.453). Findings suggest that by addressing these gaps and integrating passenger feedback, service providers can enhance both user satisfaction and environmental benefits. This study emphasizes the role of free bus services as a practical solution to urban transit challenges, demonstrating how Expectancy Theory offers a framework to improve passenger loyalty while advancing sustainability in rapidly urbanizing regions
A BIM-IPD Integrated Framework For Reducing Disputes In Construction Projects In Egypt
Get PDFDisputes remain a persistent challenge in Egyptian construction projects, due to traditional procurement approaches that hinder effective communication, coordination, and collaboration. As Egypt continues investing in mega construction projects, these issues are exacerbated despite the adoption of various management strategies. This study explores how incorporating Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) can enhance collaboration, transparency, and project coordination to mitigate disputes. A mixed-methods research approach incorporating literature review, case studies, and survey of large contractors in Egypt was employed to assess dispute causes, their impacts, and the role of IPD and BIM in reducing disputes. Findings indicate that time extensions and work delays are the primary dispute triggers, leading to project delays and cost overruns. Although BIM awareness is high (85%), only 48% of respondents are familiar with IPD, yet 94% recognize BIM’s role in supporting IPD, and 95% emphasize the need for an integrated framework. Case studies demonstrated that IPD significantly improves project performance and reduces disputes compared to traditional procurement methods, though design-bid-build remains the dominant contract type. The study also identifies significant organizational and legal challenges in implementing IPD and BIM, with a strong correlation between the two, while technological and legal challenges show a weaker connection. In response, a novel framework was developed to integrate BIM and IPD, addressing dispute causes and implementation barriers. This framework provides a structured approach outlining essential activities, tools, techniques, involved personnel, required resources, and implementation strategies, presenting an original synthesis that received limited attention in construction literature
Association Between Green Rural Road Elements and Socioeconomic Development Indicators in Rural Areas
Get PDFSustainable development is defined as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations. In Malaysia, particularly in rural areas, the networks comprise the largest proportion of roads in the country, making efficient road development critical for economic progress. However, such development has significantly impacted the environment, contributing to substantial ecological disruption and affecting the quality of life in local communities throughout the road lifecycle. Therefore, the adoption of sustainable approach by implementing green elements in the development and operation of rural road infrastructure is the ideal way forward to concurrently meet economic, social and environmental needs. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify the green rural road elements that should be considered in the development of rural roads. It also investigates which green elements can potentially contribute to socioeconomic development in rural areas. A quantitative method was employed, using a questionnaire survey as the research instrument to determine the significant green rural road elements. Data collection was conducted using the census method, resulting in the return of 63 completed questionnaires. The data were analyses using Goodman Kruskal’s Gamma. The analysis revealed that seventeen (17) green rural road elements were statistically significant and showed a strong positive association with at least one of the socioeconomic development indicators studied. These proposed elements are expected to enhance stakeholder understanding and offer practical guidance for improving the sustainability of rural road infrastructure projects. Ultimately, this contributes not only to environmental conservation but also to the advancement of social and economic well-being in rural communities
Exploring Metaverse Adoption Intentions among Nigerian Media Organisations
Get PDFThe Metaverse presents significant opportunities for transforming media practices and audience engagement, particularly in emerging markets like Nigeria. This study examines the willingness of Nigerian media houses to adopt Metaverse technologies by integrating insights from the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Metaverse Technology (UTAUMT). Through a survey of media professionals, key factors influencing adoption intention were identified, including performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Findings showed despite the technical and infrastructural issues encountered, Metaverse comes with critical opportunities that can be leveraged for dynamic advertising, virtual events and immersive storytelling. Theoretically, the study contributes to the systematisation of ideas in respect of the relevance of Metaverse especially in relations to adoption and acceptance technology. From a practical perspective, findings of the study can be relied upon to take decisions on adoption and use of Metaverse across industries. This study offers the need for strategic integration and makes case of addressing organisational barriers and cultural issues while efforts are made to foster innovation in fast-paced digitised Nigerian media landscape
Exploring Domains and Elements for Students\u27 Career Pathways in TVET through an Asset-Based Approach
Get PDFIn the landscape of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), optimizing career development pathways for post-secondary school youth remains a critical issue. This research addresses the challenge by focusing on mapping the potential capital of youth. Youth capital mapping is an approach to systematically explore and document the realities of their potential and assets. The study employs the “Asset-Based Approach” theory, which emphasizes mapping the potential and resources possessed by youth. A combination of qualitative design through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and semi-quantitative design using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was employed. A total of 10 informants from the TVET industry and field participated in both FGD and NGT sessions to achieve two primary objectives: to explore the domains and elements of the potential of post-secondary school youth for TVET career pathways, and to identify the domains and elements of their potential for TVET career pathways. The study identified two main assets influencing the potential of post-secondary school youth in building TVET career pathways: internal assets (interest, skills, values, and physical attributes) and external assets (environmental support and the workforce needs of local sectors). Special emphasis was placed on the role of digital assets, which have been underexplored in previous studies. Ownership of and proficiency in digital skills were found to be critical in enhancing youth employability and competitiveness in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). While other assets, such as social, economic, and physical support, are also important, digital assets require more focused attention in shaping future-ready skills and ensuring youth engagement in the rapidly growing TVET job sectors. Furthermore, a holistic approach to assessing student potential that encompassing interests, skills, and talents is needed to ensure more suitable and effective TVET career pathways
Technical and Vocational Education and Training College Female Students’ Experiences in Engineering Disciplines
Get PDFThe underrepresentation of women in engineering impedes the achievement of gender equity within the South African technical workforce. The engineering profession is integral to national economic and industrial development; however, structural and socio-cultural inequities are exacerbated due to gender imbalances. This study employs Schlossberg’s Transition Theory as an analytical framework to examine how female students navigate their educational journeys within traditionally male-dominated engineering programmes. The research question that guided this qualitative study was: What are the lived experiences of female students enrolled in engineering programmes at the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college in South Africa? Open-ended questionnaires, focus group interviews, individual interviews, and collages were used to collect data from twenty-one purposively selected female engineering students. On the one hand, the findings highlight the influence of entrenched cultural norms, scarcity of female role models, institutional biases, and limited gender-responsive pedagogies. On the other hand, it documents the resilience strategies female students employ to navigate and persist within male-dominated learning spaces. The findings signal contextually relevant information for reforming engineering education at the TVET level, such as embracing inclusive teaching methods, establishing focused support systems, and cultivating supportive environments that promote belonging and achievement These findings undergird future conversations on gender equality in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and support national goals like the National Development Plan, aimed at increasing and diversifying South Africa’s engineering capabilities