Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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Optimizing Control Strategies for Hand Exoskeleton: A Comparative Study of Controllers
Get PDFThis study presents a comparative analysis of three controllers (PI, Fuzzy Logic Control, and Sliding Mode Control) for hand exoskeletons designed for stroke patients. The research evaluates the controllers\u27 performance in manipulating the exoskeleton to specific target angles, with results indicating competitive performance across various data metrics. The methodology involves the design and simulation of each controller using Matlab Simulink software, with the hand exoskeleton featuring a unique four-finger rigid design and an Actuonix linear motor. Notably, the study identifies Sliding Mode Control as the most effective controller, demonstrating superior stability, accuracy, minimal overshoot, zero steady-state error, and the fastest settling time. This research significantly advances hand exoskeleton technology for individuals with hand impairments. The study offers valuable insights for the development and implementation of control systems in hand exoskeleton technology, with implications for assistive applications
CFD Simulations of Natural Cross Ventilation in Building with Different Opening Positions and Louver Slat-Angles in Moderately-Dense Urban Area
Get PDFIn this study, CFD simulations with ANSYS 2021 R2 were performed on a targeted building with natural cross ventilation in urban area. The arrangement of the nine buildings has the planar area ratio of 0.25, which is considered moderately dense. The targeted building was with respective windward and leeward opening in the Middle-Middle, Top-Top, Bottom-Bottom, Bottom-Top, and Top-Bottom. The openings were without louver (NL) and equipped with louvers of 0°, 15°, 30°, or 45° slat-angles. The Grid Convergence Index (GCI) analysis found that the basic grid-size of 7.98 million cells is suitable for the simulation. Subsequent Factor of 2 (FAC2) analysis shows that the Sk-ε modified coefficient with enhanced wall function is the most suitable turbulence model. The simulations show maximum dimensionless streamwise mean velocities (U/Uref) and dimensionless kinetic energies (k/Uref2) occurred at respective level of the windward opening; and that increasing the louver slat-angle caused maximum U/Uref and k/Uref2 decreased at increasing Y/H. The Y/H against U/Uref and k/Uref2 for Top-Top and Top-bottom opening configuration were of high values for each louver slat-angle. Windward with Top opening achieved higher dimensionless volume flow rate (DFR); with Top-Top opening configuration showed highest DFR for NL followed by louver slat-angle of 0o to 45o. Bottom-Bottom opening configuration shown significantly lowest DFR. This study demonstrates the importance of considering the effects of opening positions and louver slat-angles in an urban area on the performance of the natural cross ventilation for buildings
Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste Enhanced by Rubber Sludge Biochar
No full textFood waste (FW) is a huge global issue and predominantly occurs in highly urbanized and developed countries. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is recognized as one of the most sustainable, cost-effective and efficient means to cater to the problem. Despite that, AD process often suffers from system over-acidification, high lag time, high carbon dioxide content, low methane yield and prone to system failure. This study characterized the properties and evaluated the effects of rubber sludge-derived biochar addition on anaerobic digestion of food waste (ADFW) as well as explored the optimum conditions of ADFW to have an enhanced biogas production. Rubber sludge-derived biochar was fabricated under pyrolytic temperature of 500°C. ADFW pH range used for this research work were 4-8. Further, investigation focused on the biochar dosage of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g with the duration of 7 to 35 days. The findings of this study indicate maximum biogas generated at pH 6 with 15 g BC/L FW of biochar dosage for 35 days
Enhancing TVET Learning: Aesthetic and Pedagogical Module Design Approach
No full textCurrently, the field of education has evolved rapidly, particularly in teaching and learning methods, which now extend beyond just the concept and curriculum of education. Modules are commonly utilized in technical fields to enhance knowledge and skills in the teaching and learning process, particularly in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), a fundamental area in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Incorporating aesthetics in technical learning modules enhances engagement by integrating visual, sensory, and emotional elements. This approach boosts cognitive involvement, motivation, and knowledge retention, creating a more immersive learning experience. As such, the HVAC learning module does not effectively engage cognitive processes, hindering the deep understanding and retention of crucial concepts among learners. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to design, develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Refrigerant Handling Learning Module for Air Conditioning Systems. The module\u27s design followed the Sidek and Jamaluddin Model, comprising two phases and 8 steps that must be followed during the learning module\u27s creation process. Additionally, this module has been designed based on the Felder-Silverman learning style as a pedagogical technique. This study employs a quantitative methodology utilizing a questionnaire as the research instrument. Three experienced experts in the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning industry provided feedback on the assessment of the developed learning module. The questionnaire evaluates three main aspects: the suitability of module content, module design and module functionality. The questionnaire analysis will be displayed as a percentage. The study determined that the learning module\u27s development achieved its objectives and was deemed satisfactory. The researcher\u27s learning module intends to improve the efficacy and efficiency of teachers and students in the educational process. Ultimately, it is anticipated that the created learning module will be advantageous and yield favorable outcomes in terms of teaching and learning effectiveness for its users
Enhancing Digital Literacy in TVET Education Through Feminist Pedagogy
No full textDigital literacy is essential in today\u27s technology-driven economy, enabling individuals to effectively utilize digital tools for information retrieval, critical thinking, and creative collaboration. Despite its significance, digital literacy in the bakery business sector remains underexplored, with challenges such as aligning university curricula with industry needs and assessing government initiatives in this niche market. This study aims to address these issues by examining the perspectives of bakery business owners on the interaction between universities, industry, and government in promoting digital literacy through the Triple Helix Model. The Triple Helix Model emphasizes the importance of collaboration among academia, industry, and policymakers to foster innovation and skill development. Incorporating feminist pedagogy into this framework further enhances the study\u27s approach by promoting collaborative learning, inclusivity, and empowerment. Feminist pedagogy\u27s focus on creating equitable access to digital literacy aligns with the goals of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in breaking down traditional gender barriers and encouraging diverse participation in technology-oriented fields. Through a quantitative methodology involving questionnaires administered to 57 bakery business merchants in a prominent bakery district in Malaysia, the study reveals that perceptions of the university’s role in promoting digital literacy are moderate (mean = 3.23), the industry\u27s role is also moderate (mean = 3.43), while the government\u27s role is perceived as high (mean = 3.71). The findings highlight the potential of integrating feminist pedagogy within the Triple Helix framework to create a more inclusive and innovative environment where digital literacy serves as a tool for empowerment. This approach not only benefits the bakery business sector but also strengthens TVET’s capacity to cultivate a digitally literate workforce that is adaptable and resilient in an evolving digital landscape
Analysis of Instrument Development to Measure The Pancasila Student Profile Using The Rasch Model
No full textThis study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of the instrument for forming Pancasila student profiles using the Rasch Model. The Rasch model is a method that has the advantage of being able to provide more accurate estimates and at the same time being able to detect model inaccuracies. This research is a type of quantitative research with a survey method. The research subjects were 100 high school level Islamic boarding school students. To analyze the data, the Winstep application version 9.0.3.0 was used using the Rasch Model method. The results of the study obtained a Cronbach Alpha reliability value of 0.93 which means that the reliability of the instrument was categorized as very good, for the quality of the statement items on the Pancasila student profile instrument it was worth 0.97 in the special category, the reliability or consistency of answers from respondents got a value of 0.92 in the very good category. Based on these results, the instrument for forming Pancasila student profiles can be used by educators to assess students\u27 attitudes based on Pancasila student profiles and can also be used by educators outside Islamic boarding schools with similar assessment needs
Direct Participatory Model for Overcoming Bullying in Schools
No full textBullying must be handled, especially in the school environment. Bullying can be minimized through various activities and creative programs for the entire school community. This study was conducted at SMP Negeri 7 Makassar to find out the model complemented by the school in dealing with bullying behavior. The research method used is qualitative with a grounded approach. The findings are on concepts that are applied in tackling bullying behavior. Bullying behavior is known in verbal and non-verbal forms. Verbal bullying is saying inappropriate words, namely mocking, insulting, and telling other people’s disgrace. Non-verbal bullying is pushing, hitting, shouting, and isolating. The direct participatory model is applied to minimize bullying behavior with three main strategies: first, direct involvement of participants in anti-bullying programs. Students are directly involved in activities so that bullying can be avoided. Second: campaign. The campaign model aims to disseminate anti-bullying information in writing and orally to all students to avoid bullying. Third: empowerment model. This model provides opportunities for students to develop their creativity to create or carry out practical activities and then exhibit them. These three models have a positive effect on overcoming bullying behavior
Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Phishing Website Detection based on Multilayer Perceptron
No full textPhishing is a common cybercriminal activity in which attackers lure people into providing data by posing as genuine websites. Currently, alerts and blacklists are well-used methods of detection though they have been proven less effective in the evolving types of phishing. This paper focuses on the impact of a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) in minimizing the deficiencies of conventional techniques as a tool of identifying phishing websites. The goal is to improve the identification of new and initially unseen phishing sites by building upon MLP capability to resolve multiple relationships between webpage characteristics including URL, HTML, and HTTP properties. The given experiment is conducted on a total 500 phishing and 500 legitimate websites through different machine learning classifiers such as SVM, k-NN, Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, and MLP using both 5 and 10-fold cross-validation. The performance of the models is measured using commonly used measures these include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score with the MLP having the best performance with 98.1% accuracy. This analysis shows that MLP is the best in improving the detection of phishing threats with the best scalability and adaptability in fighting phishing attacks. Hence, this paper reveals that MLP has a great capacity to enhance real-time phishing detection and minimize false alarm rates to afford a reliable defense against one of the constantly evolving cyber threats
Intelligent Pathological Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions Using Deep Learning
No full textObjective: To develop a clinically applicable intelligent pathological diagnosis model for melanocytic lesions using deep learning (DL). Methods: Pathological slides from 218 malignant, 119 atypical, and 374 benign melanocytic lesions patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2018 were collected from Pathology Departments of Shanghai Ninth People\u27s Hospital (Center 1), North Campus of Shanghai Ninth People\u27s Hospital (Center 2), and Baoshan Branch of Shanghai First People’s Hospital (Center 3). These slides were digitized using Hamamatsu NanoZoomer S60 scanner, generating 981 whole-slide images (WSI). Among them, 745 images from Center 1 were designated as training set, 182 images as internal testing set, and 54 images from Centers 2 and Center 3 as external testing set. A DL-based stain style transfer strategy was designed to normalize stain variations in pathological images. Subsequently, by cascading DL prediction module with prediction results aggregation module, an intelligent diagnosis model was constructed to differentiate between melanocytic lesion types (malignant, atypical, and benign). The diagnosis model performance was validated on both internal and external testing sets. Results: The proposed DL-based stain normalization method obtained an average increasement of 0.072 and 11.20dB in Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), respectively, compared to color-based and stain-based methods. The diagnosis model built upon this method achieved an accuracy of 94.12% on the internal testing set and over 90% on the external testing set. Conclusion: A highly generalized intelligent pathological diagnosis model for melanocytic lesions has been established, which holds significant implications for advancing clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted pathological diagnosis
LSOARP: A Link Stability and Obstacle-Aware Routing Protocol for UAV Networks
Get PDFAs using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) continues to grow across military, environmental, and public safety sectors, we are seeing a fast development of Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs). Despite this progress, creating reliable routing protocols for UAVs remains complex because of their high mobility, constantly changing network topology, frequent link drops, and physical obstacles in the environment. Current protocols often overlook the importance of link stability and obstacle-aware navigation, which can lead to decreased performance in real-world applications. we present LSOARP: a Link Stability and Obstacle-Aware Routing Protocol customized for UAV networks. This new protocol combines Bézier-curve-based trajectory adjustments for better obstacle avoidance with a multi-criteria link evaluation that considers residual link lifetime, energy efficiency, and route availability. We model UAV movement using a realistic prediction mechanism that captures various states such as high, low, idle, and paused. Routing decisions are then made using a weighted cost function to select the most stable and energy-efficient paths, ensuring strong network performance. Simulation experiments conducted under different conditions—including varying node density, speed, pause times, and traffic loads—show that LSOARP considerably outperforms traditional protocols like RLPR and AODV. It offers higher packet delivery ratios, lower end-to-end delays, reduced energy consumption, and less control overhead. These promising results demonstrate that LSOARP is both scalable and reliable in complex UAV environments, making it a strong candidate for real-time FANET applications