Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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Comprehensive Demonstration of Greater Significance of Infaq fi Sabilillah
Get PDF“Infaq fi Sabilillah: spending in the way of Allah (SWT)," other than Zakat, is usually considered a voluntary act of good deed in Islam. Also, there is a common understanding among Muslims that this spending is just an optional act of worship and is less important in terms of significance and status than mandatory acts of worship. However, the statements of Allah (SWT), the sayings of the Prophet (PBUH), and the opinions of scholars highlight the high importance of “spending in the way of Allah (SWT).” This research aims to demonstrate the greater significance of “Infaq fi Sabilillah” as an act of good deed in Islam. Many Qur’anic verses and Hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) assert the great importance and status of spending in the way of Allah (SWT), even above those of some mandatory acts of worship. Also, according to the opinions of some scholars, there are occasions when spending, in addition to Zakat, becomes obligatory and necessary. The rewards of this spending and the consequence of not spending in the way of Allah (SWT) are also stated in some Qur’anic verses. Allah (SWT) has referred a believer in Al-Qur’an by various distinct qualities & names having some specific attributes. The activities of “Infaq fi Sabilillah” are the most mentioned attribute of a believer mentioned in those distinct qualities & names. Some relevant Qur’anic verses, the Hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH), and the opinions of scholars have been identified and presented in this paper. This paper demonstrates that “Infaq fi Sabilillah” is an act of greater significance in Islam.
Analisis Hujah Al-Quran dan Hadis Berkaitan Orang Mati Boleh Mendengar Kata-kata Orang Hidup: Analysis of Quranic and Hadith Arguments Regarding the Dead Being Able to Hear the Words of the Living
Get PDFMalay:
Perdebatan mengenai sama ada orang mati boleh mendengar kata-kata orang hidup merupakan isu klasik dalam khazanah keilmuan Islam yang terus relevan dalam konteks masyarakat Muslim kontemporari di Malaysia, khususnya apabila ia dikaitkan dengan amalan keagamaan yang berpotensi menyimpang daripada prinsip tauhid, seperti pemujaan kubur dan permohonan kepada selain Allah SWT. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritikal pandangan para ulama berkaitan isu pendengaran orang mati, serta menilai kekuatan hujah setiap pandangan melalui pendekatan tarjih berasaskan dalil al-Quran, hadis, dan kaedah istidlal yang muktabar. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen dan analisis kandungan terhadap ayat al-Quran dan hadis dalam disiplin akidah dan tafsir. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pandangan ulama terbahagi kepada dua aliran utama, iaitu golongan yang menetapkan kemampuan orang mati untuk mendengar dalam keadaan tertentu berdasarkan nas-nas khusus, dan golongan yang menafikan kemampuan tersebut secara umum berasaskan dalil-dalil yang menegaskan hasil hubungan antara alam hidup dan alam barzakh. Analisis kajian mendapati bahawa perbezaan ini berpunca daripada pendekatan kaedah yang berbeza dalam memahami teks wahyu, khususnya antara kitab-kitab tafsir. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada wacana akidah di Malaysia dengan analisa pandangan ulama’ berdasarkan al-Quran dan hadis, sekali gus membantu memperjelas batasan akidah yang sahih dalam menangani amalan keagamaan masyarakat.
English:
The debate on whether the dead can hear the words of the living is a classic issue in Islamic scholarship that continues to be relevant in the context of contemporary Muslim society in Malaysia, especially when it is associated with religious practices that potentially deviate from the principle of monotheism, such as grave worship and supplication to others than Allah SWT. This study aims to critically analyse the views of scholars on the issue of hearing the dead, as well as evaluate the strength of the arguments of each view through a tarjih approach based on evidence from the Quran, hadith, and the method of istidlal that is muktabar. This study employs a qualitative methodology, utilising document analysis and content analysis of verses from the Quran and hadith in the disciplines of aqidah and tafsir. The study findings reveal that scholars\u27 views are divided into two main schools: those who establish the ability of the dead to hear under certain circumstances, based on specific texts, and those who deny such ability in general, based on evidence that asserts the relationship between the living world and the barzakh world. The study analysis found that this difference stems from different methodological approaches in understanding the text of revelation, especially between the books of tafsir. This study contributes to the discourse on faith in Malaysia by analysing the views of scholars based on the Quran and hadith, thus helping to clarify the boundaries of valid faith in dealing with the religious practices of society
The Classification of The Quranic Suras - Part One: Structural Analysis and Organization into Groups Generated by Sura Al-Fātiḥah
Get PDFThis study aims to assess, using a rigorous scientific approach, whether the current ordering of the Quranic suras results from an intentional and predetermined organization or from a random arrangement. The methodology is based on discovery of a fundamental mathematical property, Equation 1 , which establishes a unique functional relationship between the sum of the sura numbers (N), the total number of verses (V), and the sum of the verse numbers (SV) of the Noble Quran. The analysis used the sign of the ranking value D(a), derived from Equation (1), as a criterion to distribute the surahs into major structural groups (TA, TB, BZ), thereby revealing a coherent underlying architecture. This research has brought to light remarkable structural properties governing these groups and their subdivisions (BZ₁, BZ₂, IZ₁, IZ₂), including a series of equilibrium equations such as and . The study further demonstrates the central functional role of specific suras, such as Sura Al-Fātiḥah, acting as a regulatory pivot. The mathematically verifiable, interdependent complexity and coherence of this architecture constitute strong evidence of a non-random design. A complementary part of this research, dedicated to the analysis of other partitions, will further consolidate this model. The ultimate objective is to demonstrate that the Quran adheres to a coherent and sophisticated internal mathematical organization, thereby confirming the validity and relevance of its current canonical order.
The Hybrid Local Maximum Distance Algorithm with Dissimilarity-Based Test Case Prioritization for Software Product Line Testing
Get PDFSoftware Product Line (SPL) testing presents significant challenges due to configuration variability. The software tester needs to ensure a good quality of common and variant-specific behaviours across product variants. Test Case Prioritization (TCP) is a well-established strategy for improving regression testing efficiency by enabling early fault detection. This paper proposes the hybrid prioritization approach that integrates a dissimilarity-based with the Enhanced Local Maximum Distance Algorithm (ELMDA). The proposed approach introduces three hybrid string distance techniques, NEHT1, NEHT2, and NEHT3 combining Jaro-Winkler and Manhattan distance to quantify test case diversity more effectively. These dissimilarity scores guide the selection of structurally and behaviourally distinct test cases, enhancing both fault detection and execution efficiency. Empirical evaluations using two SPL case studies which are GPS and i-Robot Roomba. Each case studies are tested against five mutant versions. Results shown that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing techniques in terms of Average Percentage of Faults Detected (APFD) and execution time. Notably, NEHT1 achieves the highest APFD and lowest execution time across both experiments. Statistical analysis confirms the significance of these improvements. The results establish ELMDA with NEHT1 as a promising solution for effective and scalable SPL regression testing
Intelligent Trajectory Planning Algorithms for Autonomous Mobile Robots
Get PDFGiven the widespread utilization of autonomous mobile robots in the past two decades, the path planning problem has received considerable attention from researchers. The goal is to find a collision-free path from a start point to a target point in an environment full of obstacles whilst satisfying some criteria, such as time, distance, and safety.
This study proposes an intelligent hybrid optimisation method for autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) to reach a target or multiple targets in environments filled with obstacles. The proposed method combines two algorithms. The first algorithm is the probabilistic roadmap algorithm, which tries to explore the search space and generate several free collision paths to be utilised as a population for the second algorithm. The second algorithm is the enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA), which is utilised to plan the shortest and smoothest path depending on the population generated by PRM. The EGA presents an effective and accurate fitness function, improves the genetic operators of a conventional genetic algorithm (GA), and proposes a new genetic modification operator.The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by several simulations in various environments and real-time experiments on a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot. Results show that the proposed hybrid approach outperforms the conventional GA, probabilistic roadmap, ant colony optimisation, the Bezier smoothing algorithm, and other algorithms in planning a smooth, near-optimal, collision-free path in competitive time
Effectiveness of Malawian Law in Protecting Pangolins from Illegal Wildlife Trade
Get PDFIllegal wildlife trade is one of the most common problems concerning wildlife conservation in Malawi. Pangolins are one of the most traded and trafficked animals despite laws being there to protect them from illegal wildlife trade. The study was conducted in February and March of 2023, to assess the effectiveness of the Malawian law in protecting pangolins from illegal wildlife trade, in the last three years (January 2020-January 2023, which is still on the rise. This study hypothesised that the present Malawian law does not effectively protect pangolins from illegal wildlife trade. A qualitative research with a social legal research approach was conducted, and data was collected through interviews and desk research. Primary data was collected through interviews using a questionnaire with judicial officers such as judges and magistrates and police officers in Mzuzu, Lilongwe, Zomba and Machinga, but also officers at the Department of National Parks and Wildlife including Lilongwe Wildlife Trust. Additionary questionnaires were administered to twenty (20) University of Malawi Law Students to understand their perception on pangolins and illegal wildlife trade in line with their legal stand. Secondary data was gathered by assessing Malawian law (The Constitution, National wildlife policy, National parks and wildlife Act and the Penal code)on how it is enforced and implemented and the challenges involved. Data was then analysed using the narrative analysis method. The study showed that illegal pangolin trade cases are still on the rise. The Malawian law has some strengths and weaknesses in dealing with illegal pangolin trade. There are several barriers to practical implementation of the law in Malawi. For instance, people are ignorant of the law in question, lack sensitisation, awareness and civic education, geographical set up of areas such as Mangochi and Machinga promote illegal pangolin trade, poor investigative and prosecution skills result into acquittals of some culprits, and that there is knowledge gap on the side of judicial officers in applying the law. It was therefore concluded that the law is not effective in protecting pangolins from illegal wildlife trade. Most importantly the provisions in the present law have to be maintained, but the enforcement and implementation of the law needs to be improved. People need to be civic educated to know how the law works
Dynamic Modelling and System Identification of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Gyroscopic Based Test Stand
Get PDFSystem identification plays a crucial role in developing accurate mathematical models for dynamic systems, which are essential for designing high-performance controllers. This study presents a novel gyroscope-based dynamic test rig developed specifically for quadrotor-type unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system identification. Unlike conventional outdoor testing, the proposed platform provides a controlled, repeatable, and vibration-minimized environment for capturing roll, pitch, and yaw dynamics, ensuring high data fidelity and safety. Using Mission Planner and LabVIEW grey box optimization, the research successfully identified continuous-time state space models that accurately characterize the UAV attitude behavior. The identified models achieved a mean squared error (MSE) below 0.002, indicating strong agreement between predicted and measured responses. These validated models formed the basis for tuning a PID controller, significantly enhancing flight stability and responsiveness. The proposed framework, which combines rig design, precise data acquisition, and data-driven modeling, provides a practical and scalable solution for UAV developers to perform pre-flight validation, reduce tuning time, and improve operational safety and control performance
Optimization and Dissolution Kinetics of a Nigerian Monazite Ore Using H2SO4
Get PDFThis study presents the optimization and kinetic evaluation of thorium recovery from monazite ore sourced from Plateau State, Nigeria with the use of sulphuric acid as a leaching agent. The objective was to ascertain the optimal conditions for thorium recovery and to understand the kinetics involved in the process. A central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to evaluate the effects of the following process parameters – acid concentration, reaction temperature and leaching time on thorium extraction. The results showed that the leaching efficiency was significantly impacted by the acid concentration, reaction temperature and the leaching time. The kinetic studies showed that the leaching process followed a shrinking core model with diffusion as the rate controlling step. These findings demonstrate the viability of thorium recovery with sulphuric acid from Nigerian monazite and provide a good basis to scale up the process for nuclear fuel material development
Influence of Market Rate of Return (Rm) and Systematic Risk (β) on Stock Decision Making in Non-State-Owned Banks (2019–2023)
Get PDFThis study investigates the influence of the Market Rate of Return (Rm) and Systematic Risk (β) on stock investment decision-making in non-state-owned banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. Employing a quantitative approach with a causal–associative research design, the study uses secondary data and applies multiple linear regression analysis. The empirical findings reveal that both the Market Rate of Return (Rm) and Systematic Risk (β) have no significant partial effect on stock investment decisions. Moreover, the two variables jointly also do not demonstrate a significant influence. These results indicate that investors may rely on other determinants beyond CAPM variables when making investment decisions in the non-state-owned banking sector. The study suggests that companies enhance performance stability through risk diversification and improved transparency to strengthen investor confidence. Furthermore, managers are encouraged to emphasize non-financial value drivers, such as innovation capability, digital transformation, and financial literacy enhancement, to support more informed investment decision-making
Trumpism and The Global Challenge to Decolonization: Reflections from Southeast Asia
Get PDFThis article explores the global implications of Trumpism as a political and ideological phenomenon and its impact on the ongoing challenges of decolonization, specifically focusing on Southeast Asia. Drawing on qualitative analysis of secondary sources, including political speeches, policy documents, media narratives, and scholarly literature, this study situates Trumpism within a broader resurgence of right-wing populism and neo-imperial rhetoric. While Trumpism is rooted in the American context, its discursive and ideological reach has resonated globally, often reinforcing colonial legacies and obstructing decolonial aspirations in formerly colonized regions. In Southeast Asia, these influences manifest in renewed nationalist movements, anti-globalist rhetoric, and a retreat from critical postcolonial engagement. By examining how Trumpist narratives circulate and take root in Southeast Asian political discourse, this article highlights the complex entanglements between global populism and regional struggles for epistemic and political sovereignty. The study contributes to decolonial scholarship by emphasizing the need for sustained critical reflection on how external political ideologies affect local trajectories of postcolonial development. This study underscores how global populist ideologies can obstruct efforts toward epistemic sovereignty and national self-determination in postcolonial societies