Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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New Records of the Spider Fauna from Perlis State
Get PDFPerlis is endowed with a diverse range of ecosystems supporting a significant flora and fauna biodiversity. Despite its high species richness, few studies have been performed to highlight the diversity of spider species in Perlis. Spider fauna surveys were conducted during Scientific Expeditions at Perlis State Park on 15th – 16th October 2019 and Eco Park Rimba Bukit Ayer on 4th – 6th October 2022. Based on the survey, ten spiders from 41 collected specimens were identified, constituting eight families and nine genera. Out of these, eight genera were identified as new records for Perlis including Nephila, Nephilengys, Orsinome, Pholcus, Psechrus, Heteropoda, Chilobarchys, and Damarchus, with only three being identified at the species level. Overall, the observed spiders are well represented by Araneidae (N = 2), Tetragnathidae (N = 1), Pholcidae (N = 2), Psechridae (N = 1), Liphistidae (N = 1), Sparassidae (N = 1), Theraphosidae (N = 1), and Bemmeridae (N = 1). This baseline data will assist in shedding light on biodiversity and conservation of spider species in Perlis
Student’s technical competencies: Analysis for Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie
Get PDFThe study aimed to investigate the Student’s technical competencies level at Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie, and examined the role of variables gender, place of residence, degree, collage, and academic level. The descriptive approach used. A questionnaire consisting of (15) items used. The population of the study consisted of all (2300) students at PTUK/ Ramallah Branch at the second semester of the academic year 2024-2025, a (25%) random sample was selected a made up of (575) students, The results showed that the total score for the Technical applied competencies domain was the highest with a mean of (3.86), It also showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to place of residence variable, however, it reveals that there were statistically significant differences due to gender variable in favored for female students, due to Collage variable in the Digital communication competencies domains between Computer science and Business Management students in favoured Computer science students, in the Digital communication competencies domain between Computer science and Media students in favoured Media students. Due to academic level variable in all domains between first year and fourth year students in favoured forth year students. The study suggests that the university should Integrate digital competencies across curricula, Promote gender-balanced digital education, Enhance digital competencies for diploma programs, Support discipline-specific digital skill development, Facilitate progressive digital learning, and Continuous evaluation and improvement
A New Modified Fifth-Order Implicit Block Method for Solving Stiff and Oscillatory Problems
Get PDFA new fifth-order modified implicit 3-point super class of block backward differentiation formula for solving oscillatory problems and systems of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is developed. The method is order five. The stability and convergence properties of the method demonstrate that the method is consistent, zero-stable and almost A-stable which are necessary and sufficient conditions to integrate the stiff systems and oscillatory ODEs. Numerical experiments reveal that the proposed method delivers superior performance compared to existing conventional 3-point Block Backward Differentiation Formula (3BBDF) and 3-point Super Class of Block Backward Differentiation Formula (3SBBDF) methods, making it a robust and efficient tool for addressing stiff problems
Flexural Behaviour of CFS Gapped Built-up Channel Beam with Web and Flange Stiffeners
Get PDFThis study investigates the structural performance of cold-formed steel (CFS) gapped built-up beams with flange and web stiffeners, focusing on load-carrying capacity and deflection characteristics. Experimental tests and finite element (FE) analysis were conducted to evaluate the influence of varying stiffener configurations and gap sizes on beam behavior under four point bending. Results indicate that beams with flange stiffeners exhibit higher load-carrying capacity and greater resistance to deflection compared to those with web stiffeners, due to improved stability against bending stresses. Increasing gap between the back to back channel from 25 to 100 mm was found to affect load distribution and deflection, with moderate gaps (50 mm) yielding optimal performance. The FE model showed good correlation with experimental results, though deflection under ultimate loads was slightly underpredicted, highlighting the impact of real-world imperfections. These findings provide valuable insights for designing optimized CFS gapped beams with enhanced structural efficiency by providing flange and web stiffeners for practical applications
Urban Flash Floods: Global Strategies for Effective Mitigation
Get PDFFlash flooding presents substantial risks to urban environments, carrying great financial, social, and environmental costs. Flash floods are difficult to manage and, therefore, require a comprehensive understanding of the underlying factors contributing to their occurrence and effective mitigation strategies. This research aims to develop a framework of requirements to efficiently mitigate urban flash floods by considering various aspects involved in a multi-disciplinary approach. This paper summarises previous research in flash floods, urban planning, and flood mitigation based on intensive studies. Moreover, to collect empirical data, a case study review has been conducted involving big cities within Malaysia and neighbouring countries. This research approach uses qualitative analysis to provide a better understanding of the intricate relationship between flash floods and their mitigation options. The findings of this research highlight the critical factors influencing the effectiveness of flood mitigation efforts in urban areas during flash flood events. This involves modifying urban infrastructure design, land-use planning, early warning systems, community preparedness, and policy frameworks. This study can have significant implications for urban planners, disaster management authorities, and the local communities involved in reducing the susceptibility to flash floods. The outcomes of this study provide a generic understanding for stakeholders involved in identifying and developing proactive measures that limit the impact of flash floods on urban environments. Ultimately, this research contributes significantly to the body of knowledge on urban flash flood mitigation and provides an integrated view across technology, policy, community engagement, and practice in influencing resilient communities for sustainable development in flood-prone areas
Impact of Advanced Radar Technology on Traffic Volume and Speed Analysis in Urban Expressways at Klang Valley
Get PDFTraffic congestion on urban expressways significantly affects individual productivity by impacting drivers\u27 time on the road. Traffic performance, especially during peak hours, is influenced by the simultaneous presence of different vehicle classes. While research on the relationship between traffic volume and speed in congested areas is well-established, contemporary methods and advanced radar technologies like Speedlane Pro™ Counter Classifier offer new insights. This advanced radar technology provides multiple options for gathering accurate traffic data, including traffic volume and vehicle speed, which are crucial for reliable studies. This research focuses on the Klang Valley Expressway in Malaysia, aiming to enhance the understanding of traffic congestion and its correlation with vehicle speed and volume. By calculating the Level of Service (LOS) and examining these parameters, the study aims to provide valuable insights for traffic management and planning. The findings will benefit communities concerned with traffic congestion, offering a basis for improving expressway efficiency and reducing the negative impacts of traffic delays
7-level of Asymmetric MLI with Reduced Number of Switching Devices Structure for High Power-Density Achievement Using Pareto-Front Method
Get PDFIn order to obtain high power density utilizing the Pareto-Front technique, this study presents the performance of the suggested 7-level asymmetric multilevel inverter (AMLI) topology employing a reduced number of switching devices (RNSD) structure. In order to decrease total harmonic distortion (THD), AMLI topology primarily produces greater levels of output voltage without changing the structure. For a 7-level AMLI, a 5-level RNSD structure is suggested as the circuit configuration. The suggested circuit construction will be operated using the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) switching strategy. In actuality, because SPWM generates the switching scheme using a sine wave as a reference, its THDs are smaller than those of PWM. In accordance with IEEE Std 519-1992, the LC passive filter is taken into consideration. It demonstrates that the THD of the 7-level AMLI is the lowest in simulation, at 0.8%, compared to 4.4% in experimental data. The Pareto-Front method comparison results showed that, despite the switching frequency changing from 2 kHz to 500 kHz, the proposed 7-level AMLI with RNSD structure is still able to achieve high efficiency at 98.52% and high power-density of 4.46 kW/dm3 at 75 kHz when compared to the 7-level cascaded H-bridge structure
Comparative Behaviour of Soft Soil by Analysing The Parameters of Cone Penetration Test with Pore Water Pressure (CPTu) in Western Johor
Get PDFSoft soil consists of marine clay, peat and organic soil with low strength, high compressibility and water content. This soil type poses persistent challenges for contractors, consultants, and designers during the design, construction, and maintenance stages. Even with modern advancements, it is still difficult to fully understand how soft soils in tropical areas behave. Significant environmental influence factors like high rainfall, warm temperatures, and complex soil compositions, make their behaviour unpredictable and hard to study. Therefore, conducting thorough in-situ site investigation work is crucial for the development area located in tropical regions. In-situ high-end measuring devices like the Cone Penetration Test with Pore Water Pressure (CPTu) provide highly efficiency in the characterization of sites, particularly those with distinct stratigraphic horizons. In this study, CPTu was performed to determine the CPTu parameters consisting of cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs) and pore water pressure (u2). Three and two of the CPTu points were conducted in Pontian and Sedenak, Johor respectively. The CPTu parameters were analyzed to determine the behaviour and subsurface profiling. This study also compares CPTu values with those from a prior investigation in Parit Nipah, Johor, to clarify the diversity of soil behaviour and presents a range of CPTu parameters within the Western region of Johor. The findings exhibit the behaviour and identify the heterogeneous subsurface profiling which consists of layers of peat, soft and medium stiff clay by indicating the significant range of CPTu parameter values. Peat exhibits range for qc, fs and u2 of 0.001–0.890 MPa, 0.0006–0.033 MPa, and 0.0001–0.079 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, soft clay demonstrates ranges of 0.056–0.850 MPa, 0.0001–0.006 MPa, and 0.011–0.255 MPa. Medium stiff clay reveals corresponding ranges of 0.150–6.480 MPa, 0.001–0.077 MPa, and 0.045–0.677 MPa. In conclusion, CPTu was able to identify behaviour of soft soil and its characterization, which is essential in designing a safe, economical and long-term lifespan of buildings and infrastructure
Technical Specification of Extension-Connection for Axial Tension C-Section Cold-Formed Steel (CFS)
Get PDFCold-Formed Steel (CFS) structures are increasingly used in construction due to their light weight, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. However, limitations in design standards for CFS connections hinder further structural optimization. This study examines the tensile performance of four C-section connection types Face-to-Face Web (FTF-W), Face-to-Face Flange (FTF-F), Back-to-Back (BTB), and Sleeve Flange (SF) subjected to axial tension. A total of 48 samples were tested using two CFS thicknesses (0.75mm and 1.00mm) and two screw configurations (2 and 4 number of screws), in accordance with AISI S100 (2016) and ASTM E8 (2022). Analytical resistances were calculated based on Eurocode 3 (2006), covering net tension, bearing, and shear. BTB connections consistently demonstrated the best performance, with experimental-to-design resistance ratios exceeding 1.0 across most failure modes. At 0.75mm thickness with four screws, BTB\u27s bearing resistance exceeded design estimates by over 135%. In contrast, FTF-W showed the weakest performance, with a net tension ratio as low as 0.12 approximately 87% lower than BTB due to eccentric loading and poor screw engagement. Increasing material thickness improved net tension ratios by 20–50% in stronger configurations (BTB, FTF-F, SF), while adding more screws enhanced tensile strength but often reduced shear resistance by 20–25% due to over-constraint. Failure modes included bearing deformation, screw tilting, and snapping, each influenced by geometry and fastener configuration. The findings highlight BTB’s structural reliability and emphasize the need for improved design in FTF-W connections
Climate Change Impacts on Future Rainfall in Padas River Basin, Sabah, Malaysia using Statistical Downscaling Method
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to assess the influence of climate change on the rainfall across the Padas River Basin, Sabah, Malaysia. Observed rainfall data (1985-2014) and downscaled climate model outputs (2025-2100) from four of the most suitable Global Climate Models (GCMs) (CMCC-CM2, IPSL-CM6A, MIROC6 and MRI-ESM2) were employed. The projected rainfall trend was analysed based on the 10th (P10), 50th (P50) and 90th (P90) percentiles to assess low, median, and high rainfall scenarios, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of uncertainty and risk in future rainfall patterns. The projection suggest an overal increase in rainfall for all months in the future, attributable to a lengthened wet season during the study period. Compared with the historical baseline, the highest monthly increase is projected in May (+60.3 mm), followed by Nov (+46.8 mm), while Feb shows the smallest increment (+5.5%). The projected increase in monthly rainfall between May and November may elevate future flood risks. Annual rainfall is expected to rise by approximately 5.4% (2025-2050) and 7.4% (2051-2100), with the highest intensity concentrated near coastal areas. Under SSP2–4.5 and SSP5-8.5, the mean annual rainfall is projected less than 3,625 mm and 4,030 mm, respectively. All four (4) models indicate a similar spatial rainfall pattern, with the northeastern part of the basin receiving more rainfall. In the long-term P90 scenario, coastal areas are projected to experience higher rainfall with cumulative rainfall less than 300,000 mm over the 76 years period. Meanwhile, the long-term P50 scenario shows results consistent with historical monthly data. These findings are essential for water management and long-term sustainability of water resources under changing climatic conditions