Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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Human-Centered AI and Digital Technologies in HR: Empowering Employees and Redesigning Work
Get PDFHuman resource (HR) practices are undergoing a fundamental transformation due to the swift adoption of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). AI presents previously unheard-of opportunities to enhance productivity and tailor experiences throughout the employee lifecycle, from hiring and training to performance management and real-time feedback. However, there are also significant concerns regarding employee autonomy, equity, and welfare that arise from this change. This paper examines how AI is being increasingly incorporated into HR tasks, highlighting both the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Based on theories of human-computer interaction, business ethics, and organisational behaviour, we investigate how algorithmic decision-making affects psychological safety, autonomy, and trust. Case studies from leading companies, such as those from Microsoft and Atlassian, provide empirical evidence of how AI can be applied to HR procedures to supplement human judgment rather than replace it. This paper advocates a human-centred AI model for human resources that prioritises ethical design, participatory development, transparency, and human oversight. The paper concludes with a research agenda and useful suggestions to ensure that the use of AI in HR advances corporate objectives and enhances employee empowerment
Collaborative Question and Answer for Student-Centered Academic Support in Malaysian Universities
No full textSuccess in higher education, especially within institutions offering diverse programs and experiencing increasing student populations, depends on effective academic support. Traditional methods, such as lecturer consultations and peer interactions via messaging platforms, often face limitations in scalability, knowledge management, and accessibility. Collaborative Question-and-Answer (Q&A) systems have emerged as a technology-driven approach to address these challenges, providing scalable peer learning, reducing lecturer workload, and creating structured repositories of academic knowledge. This review paper explores the current landscape of collaborative Q&A systems in higher education, highlighting their contributions to student engagement, critical thinking, and self-regulated learning. Furthermore, it identifies key design considerations and research gaps that must be addressed to establish a sustainable, student-centered academic support ecosystem
Optimization of Leaching Parameters and Kinetic Modelling for Leaching of Zinc from Zarara Hill Sulphide Ore in Different Acid Solutions
Get PDFThis research focused on optimization and kinetics of zinc dissolution from Zarara Hill sulphide ore using HNO3, HCl and H2SO4. A polymetallic sulphide ore collected from Zarara hill, Kaduna State, Nigeria, was used for this study. The result of elemental analysis of the powdered sulphide ore using ICP-OES technique indicate that the major elements detected are Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and S while the minor elements include Co, Ni, Mo, and Cd. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to model, optimize and evaluate the effects and interactions of the influential parameters on the recovery of zinc using HNO3, HCl and H2SO4. From the output proposed by the Design-Expert software, the quadratic model was not aliased. In order to fit a good model, a test for significance of the regression model and individual model coefficients with lack of fit test was performed. The significant factors were ranked based on P-value (probability value) with 95% confidence level. The smaller ‘P’ values from the ANOVA generated for both HNO3, HCl and H2SO4 show more significant of the corresponding coefficients. All the R-squared values are close to one and each of the adjusted R-squared values are close to its corresponding R-square value. These confirm the adequacy of the developed model. Dissolution kinetics, studies shows that the order of reaction concerning H+ ion concentration for zinc dissolution using HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3 were 0.53, 0.58 and 0.54 respectively. And from Arrhenius plot the activation energy were calculated to be 24.3, 22.8 and 21.2 kJmol-1 for HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3 dissolutions respectively.
Improvement of Preprocessing for Spiral and Wave Handwriting Image Classification Using DenseNet-169
Get PDFParkinson\u27s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, impacting over 10 million people. Key symptoms include slowed limb movements, difficulty writing, and involuntary tremors. Tremor is the first motor symptom of Parkinson\u27s disease, seen in about 75% of patients. Neurologists assess tremors through various non-invasive tests. This may involve assessing handwriting and spiral drawing. The analysis is still performed manually by neurologists, which can introduce subjectivity. Applications using computer vision techniques should be developed to classify handwriting as healthy or tremor-affected, aiding neurologists in making more objective decisions. DenseNet-169 can classify spiral and wave images in tremor and non-tremor classes with the addition of preprocessing obtained a training accuracy of 100% while the system test accuracy is 93% while without preprocessing, the system accuracy is 81%
A Lightweight CNN Model Using Depthwise Separable Convolutions for Brain Tumour Classification
Get PDFEvery year, the number of patients with brain cancers (BCs) or brain tumours (BTs) increases. This trend emphasises the necessity of a computerised system for rapid and accurate detection during the diagnosis of BTs. This paper presents a lightweight deep learning (DL) model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for a fast and accurate BC detector. The core component of the BC detector is a depthwise separable convolution (DSConv) on top of the 24-layer CNN architectures. The usage of DSConv with Adam’s optimiser achieves comparable effectiveness to conventional convolutional layers, although using fewer parameters. Additionally, L2 regularisation, dropout, and data augmentation were implemented to mitigate the issues of overfitting. The proposed model was trained and tested using the publicly available dataset consisting of MRI images collected from 233 patients in Nanfang Hospital and General Hospital, with 3063 images in total. In summary, the DSConv-based CNN model demonstrates an average accuracy of 97.50% and has an average inference time of 2.1 milliseconds per classification. It consistently surpasses 96.50% accuracy in the classification of the three types of BTs. These findings indicate that the model is well-suited for accurate BTs classification, particularly for glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumours from MRI images
Sustainable Renovation of Traditional Housing Architecture of the Thai Ethnic Group in the Northwestern Region of Vietnam
Get PDFThe traditional housing of the Thai ethnic group in the Northwestern region of Vietnam not only serves as a living space but also embodies distinctive cultural, historical, and ecological values. However, due to the impact of socio-economic transformation and modernization, this architectural type is at risk of disappearing. This study aims to assess the current state, community awareness, and directions for renovating traditional Thai housing in a sustainable manner. Through field surveys, in-depth interviews, and the development of three pilot renovation plans in the Vang Pheo village, the study proposes a community-based sustainable renovation approach that preserves the core values of traditional architecture while improving living conditions. The results contribute to the academic discourse on sustainable heritage regeneration, as well as providing practical suggestions for local policies and architectural practices
Integrating Technology for Construction Site Safety Management (CSSM) in Pakistan: Challenges and Ways Forward
Get PDFConstruction in Pakistan remains one of the most hazardous sectors globally, with persistent safety lapses and slow adoption of modern technologies. This study investigates the obstacles preventing effective integration of technology into Construction Site Safety Management (CSSM). Despite global progress in CSSM technologies like IoT, BIM, AR/VR, and AI, Pakistani construction sites largely depend on manual safety practices. This results in low efficiency and increased workplace hazards. The primary objective is to identify and major barriers to integrating technology in CSSM within Pakistan and propose practical, context-sensitive solutions for advancing safety protocols. Adopting a sequential explanatory design, the research began with a quantitative survey of Pakistani construction professionals to rank challenges in technology adoption. Following the survey, qualitative interviews were conducted with industry experts to delve deeper into these barriers and explore feasible solutions. Quantitative insights helped shape the qualitative discussions, leading to evidence-based recommendations. The results of the study identified key challenges to technology integration in CSSM, including costly setups, financial limitations, and a significant gap in research and development. Experts suggests potential solutions such as establishing public-private partnerships, initiating modular technological implementations, and setting up dedicated research centers to address these challenges. This finding provide effective recommendations for stakeholders in Pakistan’s construction industry to enhance safety practices through the strategic integration of technology. The proposed solutions offer a roadmap for overcoming financial and research-related challenges, thereby improving occupational safety standards mainly in the construction industry.
Challenges of Safety Women Work-life Balance in Construction Site Risk
Get PDFNow a day, must women in professionals in a variety of disciplines. However, striking a balance is challenging, especially given one\u27s professional and domestic obligations. Women workers are few in the construction business because of the many obstacles they face, including the industry\u27s preponderance of men. Because of these barriers, women are less likely to work on construction sites. The focus of this research is on the experiences of women in the construction industry. The objectives of this research are to identify the challenges of women in construction site work-life. Second, to identify the current practice of women in construction industry and to suggest the well-being working conditions for women in construction site. Therefore, this research was done to identify barriers and propose solutions for the safety and well-being of women in the construction industry. This research utilises a literature review alongside quantitative techniques which surveying G7 contractors. The area in Johor Bahru where this research was done is now under construction. Out of a total of 719 contractors, 248 (or 36%) were randomly chosen to participate in this survey. The SPSS statistical package was used to analyse the results of the questionnaire distribution study. The finding shows difficulties women face on construction sites, as well as recommendations for improving their working circumstances, require a descriptive statistical study, including frequency distribution and mean score. Additionally, the construction sector is required to make it easier for women to advance their careers in the field, particularly on building sites, by providing them with the self-assurance, opportunity, and space to do so. In conclusion, the findings of this research have implications for increasing the number of professional women in the construction business.
Tasawur Pembangunan Masyarakat Madani (T-PMM): Satu Analisis: The Development Worldview (Tasawur) of Madani Society (T-PMM): An Analysis
Get PDFMalay:
Pembangunan masyarakat madani merupakan suatu bukti dinamika intelektual muslim dalam usaha memaknai ajaran Islam dan pengadaptasiannya dalam segenap ruang kehidupan. Wacana masyarakat madani telah terbentuk dalam tempoh waktu yang panjang dan cuba dijelmakan untuk memenuhi ciri-ciri sebuah masyarakat yang bertamadun. Secara umumnya, fokus kepada pembangunan masyarakat madani adalah pembinaan negara kota yang beracuankan tasawur Islam yang tulen. Walau bagaimanapun, perbincangan secara khusus mengenai acuan atau tasawur pembangunan masyarakat madani (T-PMM) ini masih belum dilakukan. Maka timbul persoalan, apakah T-PMM ini? Disebabkan masyarakat madani ini dilihat sebagai salah satu daripada pendekatan pembangunan berteraskan Islam (PBI), maka apakah T-PMM ini patut dibina berdasarkan tasawur PBI? Bagi menjawab semua persoalan ini, kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan bagi menganalisis semua data sekunder yang dikumpul untuk mengenal pasti T-PMM yang sebenar. Sebagai hasilnya, kajian ini mendapati T-PMM patut dibina berdasarkan T-PBI. Oleh itu, dicadangkan satu kerangka T-PMM yang sepatutnya diaplikasikan dalam segala aktiviti pembangunan masyarakat madani.
English:
Development of the Madani society is unquestionable evidence of Muslim intellectual dynamism in efforts to interpret Islamic teachings and its adaptation as well as application in all spheres of life. Discourse on the Madani society has evolved over a long time and it has tried to embody the characteristics of a civilized society. In general, focus on the development of the Madani society basically concerns the construction of a city-state based on a genuine Islamic worldview. However, specific discussions about the mould or worldview concerning the development of the Madani society (T-PMM) has yet to materialise. Hence, what is T-PMM? Since the Madani society is presumed to be one of the Islamic-based development approaches (PBI), thus, should the T-PMM be designed based on the PBI concept? In order to answer these questions, this qualitative study used the content analysis method to analyse all the secondary data collected to identify the real T-PMM. Findings indicate that T-PMM should be built based on T-PBI. Therefore, it is proposed that a T-PMM framework should be applied in all Madani society-related development activities
Examining the Relationship between Employee Well-Being and Retention with Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction among Generation Z
Get PDFThe employee turnover rate increases drastically. Since employee turnover is rising drastically, keeping current employees is essential to the success of an organization. Employee well-being is an essential factor of retention, particularly for Generation Z, who frequently want workplaces that are flexible. However, because of Industry 4.0, a lot of organizations are moving to digital workplaces. Employee morale, productivity, and general performance are all negatively impacted by job or well-being dissatisfaction, which increases turnover. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between employee well-being and employee retention with mediating effect of job satisfaction in digital workplace among Generation Z. The employee well-being factors is measured based on PERMA theory. The targeted respondents for this study are Generation Z who are working at manufacturing industries in Johor Bahru. Data was collected and analyzed quantitatively using Preacher and Hayes mediation analysis, SPSS, and Spearman correlation. The findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between employee retention and employee well-being and mediated by job satisfaction. Data was collected and analyzed quantitatively using Preacher and Hayes mediation analysis, SPSS, and Spearman correlation. This research offers useful insights on how well-being efforts might enhance job satisfaction and retention for stakeholders, including manufacturing industries and Generation Z employees