Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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A Novel Study of Orifice Dimension and Hemodynamic Parameter Changes in Healthy and Stenotic Aortic Valve During Peak Systole
Get PDFThis study examined the hemodynamics characteristic of normal and stenotic aortic valves through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using ANSYS software. Two models were developed, a fully opened healthy valve (100% orifice) and a partially opened stenotic valve (50% orifice) that evaluated at peak systolic flow. The aim was to visualize blood flow patterns on the velocity, pressure, and statistical parameters including kurtosis, mean, standard deviation, and skewness along the aortic vessel near the valve region. Results show that the stenotic model exhibited a significant increase in peak velocity, reaching 6.09 m/s, compared to 1.50 m/s in the healthy model. It consistent with clinically observed values in severe aortic stenosis. A notable pressure drop was also observed across the stenotic valve that indicating increased flow resistance. This finding highlight how stenosis severity alters local hemodynamics and are relevant for identifying regions at risk of vascular damage. This study contributes to improved diagnostic strategies for aortic stenosis by linking valve orifice size to key hemodynamic risk indicators such as time-average wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT)
Assessment of Water Quality in Kemajuan Lake: A Comparative Study with National Lake Water Quality Criteria and Standards (NLWQS)
Get PDFWater is vital for life and supports the agriculture, industry, and recreation sectors. Lentic systems, including lakes, are integral to global hydrological cycles but are sensitive to changes in land use and human activities. The National Lake Water Quality Criteria and Standards (NLWQS) provide a framework for assessing and managing lake water quality to address pollution and maintain Malaysia’s ecological balance. This study evaluated the water quality of Kemajuan Lake, UTHM, a Category A lake used for recreation and flood mitigation, based on the NLWQS. The water quality assessment of Kemajuan Lake was carried out weekly over a 10-month period (40 weeks). In-situ measurements recorded the pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), DO saturation, and temperature, while water transparency was assessed using a Secchi disc. Laboratory analysis included biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN), nitrate (NO₃⁻), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Hg). Analysis based on the NLWQS (Category A) revealed that parameters such as pH (6.80±0.83), temperature (27.94±2.03ºC), turbidity (20.70±3.19 NTU), TSS (15.45±4.43 mg/L), water transparency (1.28±0.12 m), nitrate (0.36±0.15 mg/L), and selected heavy metals which were As (0.003±0.001 mg/L), Cd (0.00003±0.00001 mg/L), Pb (0.0005±0.0004 mg/L), Ni (0.0001±0.000 mg/L), and Hg (0.0001±0.0001 mg/L) complied with safety standards for body contact. However, DO (4.12±0.54 mg/L), DO % saturation (57.23±5.51%), COD (19.88±5.72 mg/L), BOD₅ (9.43±2.67 mg/L), Chl-a (26.30±12.31 µg/L), TP (0.55±0.36 mg/L), and AN (0.55±0.15 mg/L) exceeded permissible limit, rendering Kemajuan Lake unsuitable for recreational activities due to non-compliance with water quality parameters
Key Strategies Toward Sustainable Social Housing Stock Development in Vietnam
Get PDFIn response to its commitment to Sustainable Development Goal 11, the government of Vietnam has launched an ambitious national programme aiming to deliver one million social housing units for low-income groups and industrial park workers by 2030. While the quantitative target is clear, the qualitative dimensions of sustainability—covering economic, social, and environmental aspects—remain under-addressed. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of Vietnam’s social housing development, drawing on national data, regional case studies, and policy analyses. It systematically identifies 20 key barriers to sustainable social housing development, categorised under three pillars of sustainability, and evaluates their implications for practice and governance. In response, seven strategic directions are proposed, including financial incentives, regulatory reform, private sector engagement, and green technology adoption. The findings emphasise the need for a more integrated, inclusive, and adaptive housing strategy to close the gap between policy targets and implementation realities. This study contributes to the evolving discourse on affordable housing by aligning national efforts with global sustainability agendas, while offering practical insights for improving housing equity, resilience, and long-term viability in Vietnam
Technological Competencies among Physical Education Teachers in the Digital Era
No full textIn response to worldwide moves toward digital education, this cross-sectional study looks at the technological competencies of physical education teachers in Palestine—a setting where such research is still rare. Data were obtained from 55 physical education instructors in the Ramallah Governorate using a validated, high-reliability questionnaire (Cronbach\u27s alpha > 0.91). Three areas—technological literacy and usage, educational technology applications, and e-learning competencies—were evaluated in this paper. The results demonstrate a high level of technological competency, with no significant differences based on gender, school type, or years of experience. Lower proficiency was observed, nevertheless, in using modern technologies such virtual reality and collaborative learning environments. This study underlines the need of focused professional development to close gaps in advanced technology use and adds new perspectives on the digital readiness of physical education teachers in under-resourced environments. The results guide curriculum designers and policy-makers on areas needing assistance in programs for teacher preparation.
In Silico of Subject-Specific Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Finite Element Analysis on Swing and Stance Phases
Get PDFThe clinical condition of joint pain and dysfunction induced by joint degeneration, osteoarthritis, affects more people than any other joint illness. Mechanical stress is a major contributor to the onset of osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is a difficulty of achieving direct quantitative measures of tissue behaviours during different grades of osteoarthritis and currently there is a lack of studies that explore the changes seen in cartilage effected by OA during swing and stance phases. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to look at the role of articular cartilage in the development of OA, as well as to evaluate and simulate the biomechanical behaviour of the knee joint under various boundary conditions by segmented knee joints from computed tomography datasets. Mimics software has been used to obtain the 3D model of the knee bones. In addition, the soft tissues were modelled using 3-matic software. Marc.Mentat software was used to correctly simulate the knee OA behaviour during the stance and swing phases for the nonlinear finite element analysis. During the stance and swing phases, the maximum von Mises stress and displacement on the femur, femoral cartilage, tibia, and tibial cartilage were collected for healthy, grade 1 and grade 2 osteoarthritis. The results reveal that when body weight load increased, so did stresses and displacements in articular cartilage and bones. This suggests that being overweight or obese may increase the risk of joint articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis of the knee. In conclusion, based on the finite element analysis, the articular cartilage could be in a trouble if excessive forces are exerted towards it
Non-Destructive Method for Moisture Content Sensing Inside a Rice Storage
Get PDFRice grains represent the majority of worldwide consumed daily food, especially for most countries in Asia, where rice crops symbolize the feature of the local culture. However, as rice grains are naturally hygroscopic, the total values (quality and quantity) are degrading due to their varying level of moisture content. Currently, a sampling moisture sensing based on a single-point measurement is employed to monitor the moisture content level. In this scenario, the conventional method needs to be revised because it is very localized and only represents part of the moisture distribution inside the bulk grains. Besides, implementing several high-end technologies is considerably expensive for small-scale industries in developing countries. Therefore, this study has developed an RTI system in a prototype scale for a constructive moisture sensing method. RTI is a unique approach that reconstructs an image across the monitored WSN area by exploiting the attenuation of RF signals caused by the presence of targeted subjects. Five rice moisture profiles at the percentage of 15%, 20% and 25% were reconstructed using image reconstruction algorithms, LBP, FBP, NOSER and TR. This study analyses the effectiveness of the proposed method in both simulation and experimental studies. The results positively support the possibility of engaging the RTI technique to localize the moisture distribution in rice storage
IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Swimming Pool
Get PDFA swimming pool is a recreational facility where people relax and refresh themselves. However, maintaining good water quality is essential, as poor water conditions can negatively impact users\u27 health. In public swimming pools, operators typically rely on manual devices to measure pH and chlorine levels, making it challenging to maintain consistent water quality. This can lead to potential skin irritation and other health issues. Therefore, an automated water quality monitoring system has been developed to continuously track and maintain pool water quality by measuring pH, chlorine concentration, turbidity, and temperature to ensure a safe and comfortable swimming environment. The system was tested on several swimming pools with varying water conditions, evaluating key parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, and temperature. The analysis of results demonstrates that the developed system effectively and accurately measures these parameters, providing reliable data for maintaining optimal water quality
Haar-VGG: Face Attendance System
Get PDFAttendance taking is a crucial practice in educational institutions in Malaysia, but the traditional manual method is time-consuming and risky, particularly in the post-Covid era. To address this, a face recognition attendance system using Python is developed. The Viola-Jones algorithm known as Haar is utilized for face detection, and transfer learning on VGGFace is applied for model training, using 195 images from FLW dataset and volunteers among students. The system achieves a validation and testing accuracy of 1.0 through image preprocessing and augmentation. The attendance system includes a user-friendly graphical interface and live webcam feed, enabling instant recognition and recording of attendance. Integration with a MySQL database allows easy access to attendance records for teachers. This advanced system saves time, reduces the risk of virus transmission, and simplifies attendance management, offering a convenient and efficient solution for educational institutions
An Image Processing Technique for Lane Path Detection in Palm Oil Plantation
Get PDFImage processing for lane detection is commonly utilized by researchers for autonomous navigation purposes. In this paper, lane path detection in palm oil plantations had been demonstrated by acquiring raw videos using a vision sensor. The videos were recorded on two different paths in a palm oil plantation labelled Path 1 and Path 2. Various image processing techniques had been utilized inclusive of RGB to HSV conversion colour space, Gaussian Blur, Canny Edge Detection, Region of Interest and Hough Transform. Then, a histogram graph was used to assess the performance of the lane path detection by varying the brightness level of the images. With the histogram graph value entrenched, it shows that the level brightness of 0 and 50 shows the ideal performance of lane detection for both Path 1 and Path 2 in contrast to other brightness levels. The outcome justifies a suitable brightness value must be set to achieve a good detection result. Nonetheless, further advancement to the program of lane detection is required to intensify its functionality when it encounters effects from the environment particularly, illumination from the sunlight, shadows as well as the ground surface, such as drains and water puddles
Monte Carlo Simulation of a Beam Resting on an Elastic Foundation Considering the Two-Dimensional Stochastic Properties of the Elastic Modulus
Get PDFThe analysis of the random behavior of beams on an elastic foundation, considering a two-dimensional random elastic modulus, contributes to bringing the analytical model closer to the physical model of the problem and enhancing the reliability of structural calculations. This paper aims to develop a Monte Carlo simulation (MCs) to represent the two-dimensional random field of elastic modulus combined with the finite element method to analyze the random response of beams resting on an elastic foundation according to the Winkler model. The spectral representation method generates the two-dimensional elastic modulus\u27s Gaussian. This sample function is used to construct the formulation of finite elements. The influence of the random field\u27s standard deviation, the correlation distance along the in-plane axes, and the stiffness of the elastic foundation on the coefficient of variation of displacement are also investigated and analyzed in detail in this article. The two-dimensional randomness of the elastic modulus and the stiffness coefficient of the foundation significantly affect the random response of the beam. The coefficient of variation (COV) of displacement tends to increase when the standard deviation of the stochastic field or the correlation distance along the axes increases. Still, conversely, when the stiffness of the elastic foundation rises, the coefficient of variation decreases. The COV of displacement approaches the standard deviation value of the stochastic field of material properties when the correlation distance along the axes approaches infinity