Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
Not a member yet
6081 research outputs found
Sort by
AI-Driven Secure Emergency Message Dissemination in 5G-Enabled VANETs Using LSTM-Based Intrusion Detection and CP-ABE Encryption
Get PDFThe number of vehicles has expanded rapidly due to advances in automobile technology and global population growth, resulting in an increase in the frequency of traffic accidents. Wireless Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) connections are used by event-driven safety applications to alert drivers to potentially dangerous situations. For emergency vehicles to respond to urgent emergency services, there must be uninterrupted traffic on the roads. Even a small delay in an emergency journey time can be costly and potentially result in lost lives. To overcome this limitation in this research, we designed an AI-driven emergency message dissemination framework for “Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)” with 5G, for the efficient, secure, and privacy-preserving communication of messages at critical times. Using time-series data analysis, an AI-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks classifies emergency messages through recognizing abnormalities and false warnings. To ensure secure emergency message dissemination in the VANET environment, this research proposes a Multi-Authority Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE). Priority-based scheduling leverages are the Edge-DENM Prioritization Algorithm, which categorizes emergency messages based on urgency levels to prevent delays in high-risk scenarios. The proposed approach ensures secure, scalable, and privacy-preserving emergency communication, improving overall VANET performance by dynamically adapting to traffic conditions and vehicle mobility
Effect of Two Different Medias on Selected Liberica Coffee Clones Stem Cuttings Performance
Get PDFCoffee production in Malaysia has been declining, and the demand for high-quality coffee is increasing. To address this issue, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) has released new coffee clones, MKL 8, 9, and 10 with promising yield quality. Under current guidelines, planting materials must be produced through grafting, but huge drawback are the time needed to produce matured planting materials. A new potential technique was developed and could save a lot of time and this technique is known as stem cuttings was studied using standard media sand and soil (1:1). Therefore, study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different media on the vegetative performance of stem cuttings on selected clone MKL 8, 9 and 10 was carried out. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement with five replications. The results showed that the type of media significantly affected root fresh weight and root dry weight, with media 1 (soil, peat moss, and sand in a ratio of 4:2:1) performing better than media 2 (soil, sand, and CIRP in a ratio of 4:4:1). The clones also exhibited significant differences in SPAD meter readings, height, and leaf number, with MKL 8 performing better than MKL 9 and MKL 10. Correlation analysis revealed that SPAD readings were positively associated with leaf number and survival, while plant height was positively associated with leaf number, survival, fresh root weight, and dry root weight. This study highlights the importance of selecting suitable clones and media for coffee stem cuttings to ensure better performance and improve coffee production in Malaysia
Design Optimization and Performance Enhancement of Small-Scale Vortex-Induced Turbines for Sustainable Energy Generation
Get PDFThis study presents the development and evaluation of a vortex bladeless wind turbine prototype designed to harness wind energy in low wind speed conditions, making it suitable for regions such as Malaysia. The prototype consists of a 2-meter-tall, 0.2-meter-diameter cylindrical structure mounted on a flexible shaft, which utilizes vortex-induced vibrations to generate mechanical energy. Testing was conducted in a wind tunnel with airflow ranging from 1 m/s to 10 m/s, as well as in outdoor field locations around UTHM. Results demonstrated the turbine’s effectiveness at low to moderate wind speeds. Vibrations were converted into electrical energy using an electromagnetic induction system. Analysis of oscillation frequency, voltage output, and efficiency indicated promising performance under conditions where traditional turbines are less effective. Design enhancements further improved the turbine’s performance
Leaching Kinetics of Crucial Metals from Bismutite Ore: Parameter Determination
Get PDFThis study investigated the leaching kinetics of the crucial metals-aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and zirconium (Zr) from bismutite ore using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as the lixiviant. The influences of acid concentration (0.1–3 mol/L), leaching time (5–120 min), and temperature (28–80 °C) on metal extraction efficiency were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated that increased acid concentrations and higher temperatures significantly enhanced metal recovery. The optimal leaching conditions were 2.5 mol/L H2SO4, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 100 g/L, and a temperature of 80 °C for 120 minutes, yielding leaching efficiencies of 99.82% for Al, 85.4% for Fe, and 99.2% for Zr. Kinetic modelling via the shrinking core model indicated that the process is chemically controlled, with activation energies of 31.06, 38.02, and 42.79 kJ/mol for Al, Fe, and Zr, respectively. The enriched leachate produced under these conditions is suitable for the subsequent selective recovery of target metals. This work supports sustainable metallurgical practices by promoting efficient, multi-element extraction from complex ores
Investigation of Circular Construction Waste Management (CCWM) Practices in Malaysia
Get PDFThis research investigates the adoption of Circular Construction Waste Management (CCWM) practices in Malaysia, focusing on the environmental and economic challenges posed by construction waste. The study aims to identify key challenges, determine effective waste management practices, and propose sustainable solutions to enhance resource efficiency. A quantitative survey was conducted with data analyzed using SPSS for reliability and descriptive insights involving 130 construction personnel such as those engineers, project managers, main contractors, construction manager, site consisting of workers, and supervisors. The findings reveal that the high cost of recycled materials mean value 4.85 are the most critical barriers to adopting circular economy principles. Among the recommended practices, the "3R" approach Reduce, Reuse, Recycle emerged as the highly effective practice with the highest mean value of 4.89. By adopting these practices, stakeholders can reduce environmental impacts, improve resource efficiency, and achieve a more sustainable construction industry
Bond Strength of Self-Sensing Concrete (SSC) Incorporating Biomass Activated Carbon
Get PDFSelf-sensing concrete (SSC) has emerged as a multifunctional smart material that combines structural performance with self-monitoring capabilities, offering significant potential for structural health monitoring. In this study, biomass-activated carbon (BAC) was incorporated into SSC as a supplementary cementitious material to investigate its impact on bond strength. While BAC is known to enhance electrical resistivity and compressive strength, its effect on interfacial bonding behaviour has not been comprehensively evaluated. Therefore, this study aims to assess the bond strength of SSC incorporating BAC (SSC-BAC). The mix design of SSC-BAC is based on C25/30, which consists of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), silica fume, BAC, sand, and water. Cube specimens were prepared for the compression test. Meanwhile, rectangular and prism specimens were prepared for the slant shear and three-point bending tests. Experimental tests revealed that the compressive strength decreases as BAC content increases. A similar trend was also observed in the bond strength. The threshold for the compressive strength is 31.54 MPa produced by 1% BAC. Meanwhile, 3% BAC has the lowest acceptable bond strength. The findings of this study suggest that SSC-BAC exhibits a strong bonding behaviour, which is suitable for application in structural health monitoring
Violence, Authority, and Redemption: Examining Two Lear’s Across Time
Get PDFThe themes of violence, power, and redemption in two King Lear and Bond’s Lear are examined in this essay. The study’s goal is to determine how various political and cultural contexts during a given time period influence the interpretation of these themes. Shakespeare’s King Lear, written in the early 17th century, explores human suffering, justice, and the concerns of monarchical power. Edward Bond’s Lear (1971) tackles contemporary issues like war, state power, and social disintegration. The comparison illustrates how a classic text, when viewed in a different historical context, can be interpreted in multiple ways. Thematic comparison and close reading are the techniques used. Violence, power dynamics, and the question of whether the protagonists can be saved are the main topics of the analysis of significant scenes from the plays. The analysis further emphasis how King Lear portrays violence as a natural part of the tragic human condition, frequently associated with human imperfection and fate. Bond, on the other hand, highlights how oppressive and unfair social structures lead to violence. Bond’s play depicts authority as brutal and purposefully constructed, while the original portrays it as sacred. Lear is reinterpreted in the contemporary adaptation as a commentary on the violence and power of the modern world as well as a personal tragedy. This demonstrates how timeless texts can be adapted to appeal to younger audiences. Both the original and Bond’s adaptation analyse the complex struggle between existence and violence as well as the ongoing human experience of dealing with brutality, authority, and violence
Pengurusan Kolaborasi Industri-Institusi dalam TVET: Management of Industry-Institution Collaboration in TVET
Get PDFMalay:
Kajian ini meneliti keberkesanan kolaborasi antara industri dan institusi TVET dalam meningkatkan kebolehpasaran graduan dan kualiti latihan vokasional melalui tinjauan sistematik terhadap 20 artikel (2020–2025). Tumpuan diberikan kepada tiga aspek utama: (1) faktor kejayaan, iaitu penyelarasan kurikulum dengan keperluan industri, tempoh latihan amali mencukupi dan jaringan industri strategik; (2) model inovatif, iaitu pendekatan hibrid (fizikal dan digital), platform berasaskan AI dan peranan NGO; serta (3) halangan sistemik, iaitu jurang budaya dan birokrasi. Dapatan menunjukkan insentif ekonomi, dialog berstruktur dan pembinaan kepercayaan sebagai pemangkin kerjasama. Kerangka 4P (Dasar, Amalan, Teknologi, Perkongsian) dicadangkan, termasuk cadangan penubuhan badan penyelaras kebangsaan, platform digital AI, modul literasi silang budaya dan insentif hijau bagi pihak industri. Pelaksanaan tepat dapat membina ekosistem TVET yang responsif kepada Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan sasaran pembangunan lestari.
English:
This study examines the effectiveness of industry and TVET institutions collaboration in enhancing graduate employability and vocational training quality through a systematic review of 20 articles (2020–2025). Three main areas are analyzed: (1) success factors, namely curriculum alignment with industry needs, adequate practicum duration and strategic industry networks; (2) innovative models, namely hybrid (physical and digital) approaches, AI-based platforms and the role of NGOs; and (3) systemic barriers, namely cultural gaps and bureaucratic challenges. Findings highlight economic incentives, structured dialogue and trust building as collaboration drivers. A 4P Framework (Policy, Practice, Platform, Partnership) is proposed, including recommendations such as a national coordinating body, an AI-driven digital platform, cross- cultural training modules and green incentives for industry. Proper implementation can create a responsive TVET ecosystem aligned with Industry 4.0 and sustainable development goals
Integrasi Kemahiran Kepimpinan dan Pengurusan dalam Kurikulum TVET bagi Memperkasa Pelajar Menghadapi Cabaran Kerjaya dalam Industri: Integration of Leadership and Management Skills in the TVET Curriculum to Empower Students to Face Career Challenges in Industry
Get PDFMalay:
Integrasi kemahiran kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam kurikulum Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) bagi mempersiapkan pelajar menghadapi cabaran kerjaya dalam industri kontemporari. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap pelbagai kajian lepas, artikel ini mengetengahkan bahawa graduan TVET bukan sahaja memerlukan kemahiran teknikal, tetapi juga kompetensi kepimpinan, pengurusan projek, dan kebolehan interpersonal untuk berdaya saing dalam pasaran kerja yang dinamik. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan seperti pembelajaran berasaskan projek, kerjasama industri, dan pembangunan kemahiran insaniah melalui aktiviti kokurikulum dapat meningkatkan kebolehpasaran pelajar. Namun, pelaksanaannya menghadapi cabaran seperti kekurangan tenaga pengajar terlatih dan kurikulum yang terlalu berorientasikan kemahiran teknikal. Artikel ini mencadangkan kerangka holistik yang menggabungkan elemen kepimpinan transformasional, pengurusan kualiti, dan kolaborasi industri untuk memperkukuh sistem TVET. Dapatan kajian menyarankan bahawa transformasi kurikulum TVET yang menyepadukan kemahiran kepimpinan dan pengurusan adalah penting bagi melahirkan graduan yang lebih adaptif, inovatif, dan bersedia memenuhi keperluan industri abad ke-21.
English:
The integration of leadership and management skills into the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum is essential to prepare students to face career challenges in the contemporary industry. Based on an analysis of various previous studies, this article highlights that TVET graduates require not only technical skills but also leadership competencies, project management skills, and interpersonal abilities to remain competitive in a dynamic labor market. Research shows that approaches such as project-based learning, industry collaboration, and the development of soft skills through cocurricular activities can enhance students’ employability. However, implementation faces challenges such as a shortage of trained instructors and curricula that are overly oriented toward technical skills. This article proposes a holistic framework that integrates elements of transformational leadership, quality management, and industry collaboration to strengthen the TVET system. The findings suggest that transforming the TVET curriculum by integrating leadership and management skills is crucial for producing graduates who are more adaptive, innovative, and ready to meet the demands of 21st-century industries
Eczema Detection in Dermatological Imaging: From Traditional Methods to Deep Learning and Mobile Deployment
No full textAtopic dermatitis, commonly referred to as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by recurrent redness, itching, and irritation. Its clinical significance lies in its long-term discomfort and significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. Traditionally, the diagnosis of eczema has relied on visual examination by a dermatologist, patient interviews, and manual assessment using a clinical scoring system. Although effective, these methods are limited by interobserver variability, inconsistencies in clinical expertise, and scalability challenges. This is particularly true in settings with limited dermatology resources. These limitations underscore the need for more objective, accessible, and technology-driven diagnostic approaches. This paper reviews the evolution of eczema detection, tracing the transition from conventional clinical assessment to modern algorithm-assisted methods. It highlights advances in medical imaging, feature extraction techniques, and sophisticated deep learning models, with particular emphasis on their suitability for mobile and real-time use. Treatment strategies and non-dermatological conditions are intentionally excluded to maintain the focus on diagnostic innovation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of historical practices, recent technological advances, existing challenges, and emerging opportunities in automated eczema detection