World Nutrition Journal (Indonesian Nutrition Association - INA)
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Breastfeeding is Best. But What After Breastfeeding?
Get PDFLong-term exclusive breastfeeding is definitively the best feeding for every infant. Exclusive breast feeding should be for six months. From the age of six months onwards, solid food should be introduced while breast feeding is continued.1There are only very few contra-indications for breast feeding or mother’s milk. A maternal severe disease is an example of a contra-indication for breast feeding. If a mother has to take medication or undergo a treatment that may have a deleterious effect on the health of the baby, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, breast feeding cannot be recommended.2In such a situation, mother’s milk from a different mother or a “milk bank” may offer a solution. If this are not possible, infant formula is indicated. Some seldom metabolic diseases such as galactosemia are also contra-indications for mother’s milk, because in such a situation lactose is causing severe damage to the baby. Cow’s milk based lactose containing infant formula is then as well contra-indicated, since the baby cannot metabolize lactose. However, it speaks for itself that these situation are exceptional.3,
Nutritional Status Influences High-Molecular Weight (HMW) Adiponectin levels in Breast Cancer Patients: Comparison with Healthy Controls
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast cancer is the leading killer of women in Malaysia. Nutritional status and adiponectin are modifiable risk factors for breast cancer occurrence which can be efficiently targeted. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels among breast cancer patients as compared to controls. Methods: This was a case- control study, conducted in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Universiti Sains Malaysia campus. Newly diagnosed breast cancer cases (n=55) were assigned as cases while healthy controls (n=58) were staff members of HUSM and USM campus. Sociodemographic and reproductive data were obtained with a standard questionnaire while the dietary data was obtained from a validated diet history questionnaire. Anthropometric assessments [weight, height, hip, waist circumference (WC) and body fat composition] were measured while overnight fasting venous blood samples were analysed for lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and HMW adiponectin. Results: A significant linear negative relationship exists between WC and HMW adiponectin (β=-0.05; p=0.005) among breast cancer cases. Additionally, HDL cholesterol was positively associated with HMW adiponectin (β=1.83; p=0.010) among the cases. BMI was negatively associated with HMW adiponectin (β=-0.02; p=0.001) among healthy controls. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that WC, BMI and HDL cholesterol had significant relationship with HMW adiponectin. Low levels of HMW adiponectin, low WC and high HDL levels may be protective against breast cance
Correlation of Beta Carotene and Nutrition Status With Malondialdehyde Levels in Breastfeeding Mother
Get PDFBackground : Malondialdehyde (MDA), one of the products of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation detected in breast milk (BM). MDA levels depicted BM’s oxidative status. BM oxidative balance could prevent oxidative stress in babies. MDA could be influenced by antioxidant food source such as beta carotene as well as body mass index (BMI).Objective: To analyze beta carotene intake and BMI and their correlation with BM MDA levels in nursing motherMethods: Eighty breastfeeding mothers who were 20–40 years old, came to Cilincing and Grogol Petamburan Public Health Centre February–April 2019 and had 1–6 months old babies were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The BM was extracted in the next day. Mothers were asked to empty one of the breast 2 hours prior to extraction. Beta carotene intake was assessed using semi quantitative food frequency (SQ-FFQ). Body weight and height was measured on the first day. The BM MDA levels were assessed using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay. The correlation of beta carotene intake and MDA as well as BMI and MDA was assessed using Spearman test with level of significance of p<0.05.Results: Subject’s median age was 27 (20-35) years old, median BMI was 23.21 (15.25-39.55) kg/m2. Beta carotene’s median intake was 8039.8 (1697.7–34028) mg/day with 72.5% of the subjects were considered low intake. BM MDA level’s median was 1.953 (0.739-4.928) nmol/ml. Beta carotene intake (r = 0.247, p = 0.027) and BMI (r = 0.285, p = 0.010[DN4] ) had a weak correlation with BM MDA level.Conclusion: The beta carotene intake and the BMI of the subjects correlate significantly with the BM MDA level. It showed that the mother’s intake and body composition contribute to the oxidant level in BM, therefore influenced the level of oxidative stress transferred to the babies
Correlation Between Omega-3 Fatty Acids Plasma Levels with Muscle Mass and Handgrip-Muscle Strength in Head Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta
Get PDFBackground. Cancer cachexia is common in head neck cancer caused by increasing proinflammatory cytokines, has effect on hipermetabolism, increased nutritional needs, anorexia, decreased muscle mass and body weight. Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in reducing inflammation, improving muscle mass and handgrip.Objective. This cross sectional study conducted in Department of Radiotherapy Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, aimed to investigate correlation between omega-3 fatty acids plasma with muscle mass and hand grip-muscle strength in head neck cancer subjects undergoing radiotherapy.Method. This study was conducted from June to August 2016. The subjects were head neck cancer patients in stage I‒IV (18–65 years old) and had received >25 times radiation, and obtained by consecutive sampling method. Total omega-3 fatty acids intake was obtained by semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements used ShorrBoard and Smic® ZT-120, muscle mass used Omron HBF375®, and handgrip used Jamar® dinamometer. Omega-3 fatty acids plasma were examined by gas chromatography flame ionized detector. Correlation omega-3 fatty acids plasma with muscle mass were analyzed by Pearson, and correlation with handgrip by Spearman.Results. There were 52 subjects completed all examinations, received radiotherapy ≥25 times combination chemotherapy, 57% male, 50 years old. Most sites at nasopharynx, mostly stage IV, 25% subjects had normal body mass indeks, 75% were low. Most subjects had nutritional problems caused by inadequate intake of energy, protein, fat, and omega-3 fatty acids. Majority (75%) had small muscle mass (28.4±4.7%), mostly (75%) normal handgrip, median 37.1(25.7‒68.5) kg, and all subjects had very low omega-3 fatty acids plasma (2.5±0.8%). There was strong correlation between omega-3 fatty acids plasma with muscle mass (r =0.6, p <0.05) and handgrip (r =0.8, p <0.001) who received radiotherapy (>60–70 Gy), no correlation less than that doses.Conclusion. There was correlation between omega-3 fatty acids plasma with muscle mass and handgrip, at radiotherapy doses >60–70 Gy
Fructose Intake and Its Correlation with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Male Employees with Hypercholesterolemia in Harapan Kita National Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFCardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide with an increasing prevalence annually. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease that is detectable early by ultrasound examination of the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery. One of the modifiable risk factors for developing atherosclerosis is dyslipidemia, that can be affected by food intake among them is high fructose diet. Apart from naturally occurring, fructose is largely used commercially as food/beverage sweetener. This cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the correlation between fructose intake and IMT in male subjects with hypercholesterolemia aged 19–49 years old. Of 47 subjects who are Harapan Kita National Cardiovascular Center Hospital’s employee, median age was 41 (33–45) years old. In 57.4% subjects, low density lipoprotein (LDL) was found high and very high, 29.8% subjects have low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and 27.6% subjects have high and very high triglycerides levels. Most subjects have normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Around 72.3% subjects were classified as obese and 66.0% were classified as having central obesity. Majority of subjects were light smoker and 49.8% of them performed light activity. In carotid IMT carotid examination, median of 1 (0.8–1.4) mm was found with 63.8% subjects developed thickness. Median total energy intake was 1209 (1020–1645) Kcal/day, mostly with adequate carbohydrate, protein, and fat, fiber intake was inadequate in 100% subjects, and mean fructose intake of 31,97 ± 15,48 gram/day. Bivariate analysis did not demonstrate any correlation between fructose intake and carotid IMT however there was positive correlation between waist circumference and fat intake with carotid IMT. Multivariate analysis showed that fat intake has a significant correlation with carotid IMT. Key words: atherosclerosis, fructose, hypercholesterolemia, intima-media thicknes
Association Between Breakfast to Dysmenorrhea Degree on Students SMAN 2 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
No full textIntroduction: Dysmenorrhea is a common problem in women and can affect the quality of life of personal health and decreased status of quality of life. The risk of dysmenorrhea is age, age of menarche, nutritional status, marital status, family history, physical activity and food intake. Breakfast is an energy supplier that is needed in the first hour of activities. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship of breakfast with the degree of dysmenorrhea in high school students of SMAN 2 Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The SMAN 2 school is located in the coastal area where most of the students come from families with the job of fishermen and traders. People in that area often do the activity early with the habit of having breakfast after completing their activities. Students from SMAN 2 generally have breakfast during rest time after studying, this habit can cause problems such as dizziness, weakness, nausea, bloating, decreased concentration which will affect the health of the students.Methods: The design of the study was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. Sampling from 6th to 13th of January 2018 taken by nonprobability sampling with stratified random sampling method, obtained sample of 132 students. Inclusion criteria are all students of SMAN 2 Class X, XI, XII, have a history of dysmenorrhea since menarche, not suffering from chronic disease (DM, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Ovarian Cyst, myoma) secondary dysmenorrhea, not taking NSAID medicines, unmarried, and not routine doing physical activity. Measurement of dysmenorrhea with Visual Analog scale (VAS) and breakfast using Frequency Food Questionnaire (FFQ) with interview technique.Results: The student with age of menarche most at the age of 10 year that is 43 student (32,6%), normal nutrition status 71 student (53,8%). Student who always eat breakfast is 24 students (18,2%), Student who eat breakfast sometimes is 36 students (27,2%) and student who rarely eat breakfast is 41 students (31,1%). The degree of dysmenorrhea is more on mild pain, 60 students (45,5%) unbearable pain 5 students (3,8%) and moderate pain 35 students (26,5%). Statistical analysis with spearman correlation rank with 95% confidence interval (CI) (α < 0.05) obtained p value = 0.022, it means there is a relationship between breakfast with degrees of dysmenorrhea with correlation coefficient r = 0.2 with the strength of a strong relationship
Effectiveness of Starting Weaning at 4 Months Compared to 6 Months to Reduce Anemia among Infants: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Get PDFAim: Comparing the effectiveness of introducing complementary foods at four months of age compared to six months of age to reduce the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia among healthy full-term infants.Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane on 28th September 2017. After the selection of title and abstract was done using the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twelve original articles were found, but after full-text assessment, only two studies were considered relevant. These two studies were further critically appraised for its validity, importance, and applicability to measure its usability degree in this study.Results: These two included studies showed no significant difference of iron-deficiency anemia incidence between the two complementary feeding groups. This can be shown by the absolute risk reduction which varied from -3.1% to 13.4%, relative risk reduction which varied from -22.8% to 18.4%, and number needed to treat which varied from -33 to 8. Both studies found that the ferritin was significantly different between both groups. However, the hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the complementary fed group in only one study.Conclusion: The introduction of complementary feeding at 4 months of age is not effective to reduce the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia
Comparing the Efficacy of Ketogenic Diet with Low-Fat Diet for Weight Loss in Obesity Patients: Evidenc-Based Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction Obesity is a nutritional disease which is still a health burden particularly in Jakarta. The main treatment for obesity is nutritional intervention. Nowadays, several dietary approaches have been developed, including ketogenic diet, which is still controversial. Methods Literature search had been done within 4 databases including PubMed®, Cochrane®, Google® Scholar, and Science Direct®, using keywords: obesity, ketogenic diet, low-fat diet, and weight loss. Then, Medical Sub Heading (MeSH) was used. The search resulted in two articles which were appraised according to aspects of validity, importance, and applicability Results A randomized-controlled trial study showed similar effect of weight loss with ketogenic diet compared to low-fat diet. On the other hand, a meta-analysis study showed ketogenic diet caused more weight loss than low-fat diet. Both studies showed an increased risk of cardiovascular disease from the ketogenic diet group, which were shown by a decrease of flow-mediated dilatation and an increase of LDL-C. Conclusion Ketogenic diet shows a better long-term effect for weight loss in obese patients than low-fat diet. However, ketogenic diet may increase the cardiovascular event risk significantly
Effects of Electrolyte Beverage on Preventing Dehydration among Workers in Different Environmental Temperature
Get PDFBackground and ObjectivesWater and electrolyte balance is important to maintain cognitive and physical performance, especially in hot environment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two different type of fluid intake at the workplace in preventing dehydration among male workers working in a hot and conveniently cool environment.Methods and Study DesignThis randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trial study was performed in two appointed factories in West-Java in January-February 2012. Seventy-eight healthy male subjects, age 25-45 years were selected and they were grouped based on their working environmental temperature, i.e. hot and conveniently cool environment. The subjects were randomly allocated in two intervention phases by using crossover approach, to have non-electrolyte beverage (plain water) and electrolyte drink in the workplace for 2 days, respectively. Hydration and electrolyte biomarkers were collected from blood and urine samples at before and after the intervention.Results and Conclusions:At baseline, subjects of the hot environment workplace had higher daily working hours, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood viscosity, and blood sodium concentration as compared to those of conveniently cool environment (P<0.05). After the intervention, for the subjects in hot environment alone, there were significantly lower value of blood viscosity, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, but significantly higher value for blood sodium, USG (urine specific gravity), pH, urinary sodium, urinary potassium and urinary chloride (P<0.05), among subjects having the electrolyte drink as compared to the plain water. In conclusion, this study confirmed that consumption of electrolyte beverage during working in hot environment temperature could help improve hydration status and electrolyte concentration
