World Nutrition Journal (Indonesian Nutrition Association - INA)
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The effects of probiotics supplementation on children with ADHD : A systematic review
Get PDFADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies suggest that gut microbiota is an important player in neurological disorders including ADHD through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. The gut inflammation can negatively impact brain structures, and these inflammatory markers could influence pathogenesis of ADHD. Probiotics may be able to help the inflammation associated with increased intestinal permeability. However, clinical implementation of probiotics with ADHD is still unclear. This review examined available clinical trials related to probiotics supplementation on children with ADHD
Correlation of energy intake and physical activity with visceral fat in obese office
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is a global health problem with a continuing trend of increasing population. A positive energy balance, where energy intake is more remarkable than energy expenditure, will cause fat accumulation. Obesity due to the expansion of fat, especially visceral fat, is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Office employees can become obese with a high-calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle. This study aims to determine the correlation between energy intake and physical activity with visceral fat in obese office workers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on obese office staff at RSCM. Energy intake was assessed with 3 x 24-h food recalls. Physical activity was assessed with the GPAQ questionnaire, and visceral fat was considered with multifrequency BIA.
Results: A total of 66 study subjects with an average age of 41 years were women and included in the category of obesity degree I. Almost all subjects had abnormal visceral fat volume with a median of 2.95 L (1.3 – 8.5 L). Most have more energy intake, with an average intake of 2196 ± 467 kcal. Most had moderate physical activity with a median value of 1850 MET (120 – 4680 MET). There was a moderate correlation between energy intake and visceral fat (r=0.554, p<0.001) and a weak correlation between physical activity and visceral fat (r=-324, P=0.008).
Conclusion: There was a moderate correlation between energy intake and visceral fat and a weak correlation between physical activity and visceral fat
Medical nutrition therapy in hospitalized patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Get PDFDysphagia due to involvement of the oral, pharyngolaryngeal, and esophageal mucosa and increased catabolism due to epidermal shedding can contribute to a decline in nutritional status in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients. On the other hand, decreased lean body mass is associated with immune system impairment, increased risk of infection, and delayed wound healing in PV patients, therefore, nutritional screening and assessment are necessary. Medical nutritional therapy in PV patients aims to overcome the metabolic response to the insults, prevent further malnutrition, modulate the immune system, and accelerate wound healing process. An aggressive nutritional support to minimize protein loss during the phase of mucocutaneous lesion healing is needed in patients with PV. Aside from macronutrient adequacy, micronutrients including vitamin A supplementation can be considered to accelerate wound healing process. Medical nutritional therapy including provision of adequate macronutrients, micronutrients, addressing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances should be the cornerstone of multidisciplinary treatment in PV patients
Nutrition in paediatric intestinal failure
Get PDFChildren with irreversible intestinal failure can survive and lead good quality of life in the recent 20-30 years. A lot of this advance is due to better understanding of what and how to deliver nutrition (both enterally and parenterally) effectively. This talk aims to provide not only an overview but some practical considerations on how to manage paediatric intestinal failure
Micronutrient forgotten or missed in critically ill patients
Get PDFThere is growing interest in the role of micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) in optimizing health and in the prevention or treatment of some diseases. But we must not forget that micronutrients must also be considered in critically ill patients. There is a big difference
Thiamine pharmaconutrition in sepsis: current evidence on safety and efficacy
Get PDFSepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by multiorgan dysfunction due to an exaggerated host response to infection associated with a homeostatic failure. Sepsis is also characterized by low thiamine levels, which are associated with illness severity, hyperlactatemia, and poor clinical outcomes. However, caution is needed with interpretation of thiamine blood concentration in critically ill patients
Fluid intake among university students in Jakarta
Get PDFThe significance of fluid intake cannot be underestimated, as it plays a vital role in regulating body temperature and enhancing cognitive function, especially in individuals experiencing thirst, while maintaining concentration. Fluid intake can be derived from various sources such as food, beverages, and metabolic processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the fluid intake among university students in Jakarta
Evidence on the importance of gut microbiota for the immune system
Get PDFVital to the health of the host is maintaining a delicate balance in the immune system by eliminating harmful pathogens while preserving self-tolerance to prevent autoimmunity. By regulating immune homeostasis, the gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract provides vital health benefits to its host. It has been demonstrated conclusively that dysbiosis of these gut microbial communities can cause immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. We attempt to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota and the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune homeostasis, which can influence the development of certain disease. This literature review of recently published research and newly discovered scientific information is intended to increase awareness of the importance of maintaining a microbiota balance in the gut for immune health of the host
Immunity as key factors that influence cognitive development on children
Get PDFImmune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus are essential for normal neurodevelopment. Innate immunity-related molecules, including cytokines, toll-like receptors and complement family, are known to be expressed in the brain. Microglia, macrophage-like immune cells that reside in the brain and spinal cord, constitute 80% of all immune cells in the brain, making them the most abundant immune cell type. Acquired immunity-related molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex and antibody receptor, are also known to be expressed in the brain. In addition to this, research has demonstrated that they play important functions in the development of the brain. Neurodevelopmental diseases, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, autism-like obsessive-compulsive behaviours and social impairment, are characterized by a disruption of a wide variety of processes in the developing brain that depend on the normal function of microglia. Enteric infections and malnutrition in the first two years of life are linked to later cognitive impairment. Multiple studies have shown that bacterial and viral illnesses have direct or indirect impacts on cognitive performance in children. The immune system is in constant communication with the central nervous system and participates in the control of behaviour and a range of other essential neurological activities throughout the lifespan
Safety drinking water and risk of stunting in children: Is it related ?
Get PDFSlum areas are identic with nutritional problems in children including stunted children. Incidence of stunted can be caused by various factors, one of which is dysbiosis. This study aims to analyze the microbiota composition of stunted and non-stunted children in Jakarta slum areas and related contributing factors