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Introduction: Globalisation Disrupted
No full textWe argue that the current upheaval in globalisation is best understood as a complex process of re-making rather than a straightforward collapse. The chapter refers to the geo-economic rivalry between the US and China, the exposed fragility of global supply chains, heightened technological rivalry, resource nationalism, and populist sentiments. We argue that these forces clash with enduring asymmetries and, resultantly, sustain interdependence between nations even where the strategic decoupling process is underway. We consider in our opening chapter institutional responses, mega-regional accords, plurilateral reform initiatives, BRICS expansion, the emergence of “friends clubs”, tech blocs and explain why fragmentation and experimental governance arrangements will continue to coexist with commercial incentives that keep nations bound together. Rather than predicting a return to multilateralism, the chapter contends that the emergent order will be pluralistic and highly contested. It will be a patchwork of overlapping spheres of influence, continuously being shaped by economic complementarities and power politics
The Geo-Economic Fulcrum: US–China Decoupling and the Use of Export Controls on Semiconductors and Rare Earths
No full textThis chapter explores the role of export controls in the ongoing US–China decoupling. Export controls are primarily security-driven trade measures that have significantly affected global supply chains in the advanced technologies sector. The chapter highlights the distinction between traditional export restrictions (governed under WTO law) and export controls that are usually based on national security imperatives. The chapter also examines China’s export controls on rare earth elements (REEs) and traces its genesis in response to US semiconductors and technology export controls on China. The chapter unpacks the US diversification strategy in REEs. The chapter argues that US–China decoupling will act as the geo-economic fulcrum that will lead to parallel supply-chains emerging around diverse regulatory regimes. The decoupling and increasing use of export controls in a security-driven environment will have enduring consequences in international trade and future technological competition
Uncovering success stories: how to resuscitate in situ simulation initiatives in Canadian emergency departments
Get PDFIn situ simulation (ISS) has long been recognized as a powerful tool for identifying latent safety threats, enhancing teamwork, and ultimately improving patient safety in Emergency Departments (EDs). However, the challenges of operationalizing ISS training in the current clinical environment in Canadian EDs have become increasingly evident. While many EDs face hurdles in implementing ISS, some teams have proven resilient and successful in their ISS endeavors. This study aims to determine which factors are associated with the successful maintenance of ISS programs within Canadian EDs. Using a positive deviance approach, we conducted a qualitative study of ED teams engaged in ISS projects, using interviews as a data collection tool. We recruited 14 healthcare providers who had participated in successful ISS initiatives in Canadian EDs. Participants highlighted the importance of engaging interprofessional stakeholders, flexibility from the simulation team, and buy-in from participants and colleagues as key factors contributing to the success of ISS programs. Challenges identified included lack of buy-in, space constraints, high patient volume and acuity, and staff shortages. Strategies for managing these challenges included scheduling simulations during less busy times and having alternative spaces for simulations. ISS was found to have a significant impact on patient safety, improving teamwork, crisis resource management, and overall patient care. These findings provide valuable insights for EDs looking to start or improve their ISS programs, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and adaptability in overcoming challenges to ensure the success of ISS initiatives
Secondary Prevention Education Initiated in Hospital for People with Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFAIMS: To determine the effects of secondary prevention education initiated in hospital in people admitted with coronary heart disease (CHD) on knowledge, quality of life (QOL) and readmissions.METHODS: Seven databases were searched from inception until December 2024 for trials published in English comparing the effect of education interventions initiated in hospital with usual care on CHD knowledge, QOL, and risk of hospital readmissions. Data was pooled using a random-effects model. Digital and non-digital modes of education were compared with usual care in subgroup analyses.RESULTS: Forty-three trials were included in the review and 32 trials of 6057 participants were included in the meta-analyses. There were variations in intervention mode of delivery, duration, and frequency of follow-up. Risk of bias was low or unclear in most studies. Compared with usual care, education initiated in hospital increased knowledge (SMD:1.64 [95%CI:0.60, 2.68]) and QOL (SMD:0.74 [95%CI:0.21, 1.26]), and decreased risk of readmissions (RR:0.73 [95%CI:0.56, 0.96]). Digital modes of education improved knowledge (SMD:0.92 [95%CI:0.37, 1.46]) and QOL (SMD:0.28 [95%CI:0.07, 0.48]) compared with usual care, but did not reduce readmissions. Non-digital modes of education reduced risk of readmissions (RR:0.72 [95%CI:0.53, 0.98]) and improved QOL (SMD:1.19 [95%CI:0.14, 2.24]) but did not increase knowledge.CONCLUSION: In people hospitalised with CHD, initiating secondary prevention education in hospital improved CHD knowledge and QOL, and reduced risk of hospital readmissions. This study provides evidence that secondary prevention education programs should be initiated before discharge. Digital modes of education are promising and may improve early access to secondary prevention education.</p
Confusion about disability discrimination law is weakening its power to protect people
No full textSince Australia introduced the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA), people have talked about it as a major step forward for equality. The Act was meant to protect people with disability from discriminatory treatment and help create a more inclusive society. But more than thirty years later, it’s clear that many people don’t fully understand how the Act actually works
‘See us’: an urgent call to collaborate with colleagues in crisis environments around the world
Get PDFThis essay is written as an urgent call for collaboration. It is a provocation for academics in non-crisis environments to proactively reach out to our academic colleagues in Ukraine and other severely disrupted crisis environments around the world to work together to create and extend knowledge and understanding about interpersonal and organizational phenomena during extreme circumstances. We – those of us who are higher education practitioners living within non-crisis environments – have colleagues around the world who are navigating through fractured and uncertain contexts. They are calling out to be seen, to be heard, to be engaged and partnered with in generative and holistic ways. In this essay, we begin a conversation about potential topics for collaborative exploration in our learning and teaching spaces with the hope that they will inspire action and connection between academics living within relative peace and privilege and those living within severe disruption and crisis
The spillover effect of economic institutions on the environment: A global evidence from spatial econometric analysis
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of economic institutions on ecological footprint and their spatial spillover effects globally, covering the period from 2000 to 2021. We focus on economic institutions because institutions that espouse economic freedom are essential for safeguarding environmental quality. We hypothesize that the spatial influence of these institutions varies both globally and regionally. The Moran's I test reveals significant spatial associations among countries, while the Wald and likelihood tests identify the spatial Durbin model as the most appropriate approach. Furthermore, the Hausman test indicates that a fixed effects model best captures the coefficients. Globally, economic institutions demonstrate a direct reduction effect of 16.4% and a spillover reduction effect of 4.4% on ecological footprint. However, these effects show considerable regional variation. In North America, East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, and Central Asia, economic institutions effectively reduce ecological footprint, while their impact is negligible in other regions. These regional differences underscore the importance of addressing institutional deficiencies, encouraging policymakers in regions with limited effects to learn from best practices to enhance institutional effectiveness. These insights collectively advance the literature on economic institutions and environmental economics, emphasizing regional policy adaptation and the transboundary effects of institutional quality. The findings further reveal that economic institutions moderate GDP per capita to curb ecological footprint significantly. These conclusions hold even after addressing endogeneity using the generalized spatial two-stage least squares method. The study recommends that policies promoting economic freedom are essential to mitigate global environmental degradation.</p
The relationships between multidimensional schizotypy and metacognitive beliefs
Get PDFThere has been a recent surge in schizotypy and metacognition research. Metacognition is an umbrella term for higher-order thought processes. Here, we focussed on maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, which are beliefs related to one’s thought processes and often play an important role in the preponderance of psychological disorders. Despite the extensive literature, relatively less is known about metacognitive beliefs in the context of multidimensional schizotypy, which consists of positive, negative, and disorganised dimensions and represents the milder forms of schizophrenia symptoms and vulnerability to developing schizophrenia. This is the first study that examined the links not only with positive schizotypy, but also with negative and disorganised schizotypy. We also attempted to circumvent the limitations related to schizotypy assessment in the previous studies by using a newly developed measure, the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS), which was based on the current operationalisations of the construct. We examined the links in a non-clinical sample, including first-year psychology students and members of the wider community of an Australian university (N = 68). Self-report data was collected by administering the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, MSS, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale to control the self-report measures’ social desirability biases. Results revealed positive correlations of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs not only with positive schizotypy, but also with negative and disorganised schizotypy. Our findings support the importance of examining schizotypy as a multidimensional construct. Further, our findings have implications for research and practice, including treatment modalities focusing on the modification of metacognitive beliefs for the prevention of schizophrenia and related conditions