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Is fetal well-being jeopardised during high-intensity interval training?
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: To explore the acute effects of high-intensity interval training on fetal heart rate (FHR) and uteroplacental blood flow.METHOD: Elite (n=10) and recreational athletes (n=50) participated in an experimental laboratory study involving 5×5 min intervals of high-intensity exercise on both a treadmill and cycle ergometer, with a 4 min pause between intervals for measurement of FHR and uteroplacental blood flow. Target intensity was 17 on Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale and 90% of estimated maximal maternal heart rate (MHR max). RESULTS: Mean exercise intensity was 16.4 (SD 1.0) RPE and 89.4 (SD 3.8) % of MHR max during running and 16.0 (SD 1.0) RPE and 84.6 (SD 5.0) % of MHR max during cycling. Mean FHR was 140.9 (SD 27.4) beats per minute (bpm) during pauses between running bouts and 148.9 (SD 16.0) bpm during pauses between cycling bouts. Six cases of prolonged fetal bradycardia (<100 bpm for >3 min) occurred during running, leading to the termination of exercise. The mothers exercised at 17-18 on Borg's RPE scale and 86.4%-92.6% of MHR max in these cases. All cases were normalised within 8 min of ending the protocol. There were no cases of prolonged fetal bradycardia during cycling. Exercise was terminated for three women during running and two women during cycling due to fetal tachycardia (≥180 bpm for >4 min during rest). CONCLUSION: Despite cases of fetal bradycardia and tachycardia, our results indicate that highly active women can engage in multiple intervals of high-intensity interval training without apparent harm to fetal well-being
Editorial: Alternative and complementary therapies to promote mental health and wellbeing for older adults, volume II
Get PDFAs the global population ages, the mental health and wellbeing of older adults have become a crucial public health concern (Reynolds et al., 2022). Issues such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline not only diminish individuals’ quality of life but also place significant burdens on healthcare systems. The growing recognition of alternative and complementary therapies as effective approaches to address these challenges was highlighted in our previous editorial (Qi and Jones, 2023). This special issue features six articles exploring various therapies, including acupuncture, calligraphy, square dancing, and virtual reality interventions, offering valuable insights into their effectiveness and underlying mechanisms
30 Years of contribution and future directions in tourism, hospitality, and events research: A Quo Vadis perspective from the Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management
No full textThe Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (JHTM) recently celebrated its 30th anniversary, a significant milestone reflecting its enduring contribution to research in tourism, hospitality, and events. As part of the celebrations, the senior editorial board of JHTM has prepared this perspective paper, one of several initiatives marking this occasion. The paper critically examines research published in JHTM, focusing on seven key topics: Events & Festivals; Experience Design and Management; Destination Marketing & Management; Service Management; Information & Communication Technologies (ICT); Sociocultural Impacts of Tourism; and Climate Change & Environmental Concerns
Crisis planning intentions among hotel managers: what have we learned from the COVID-19 pandemic?
No full textThis study investigates the motivational factors which influence future crisis planning intentions, by utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as the underlying theoretical framework. This research focuses on understanding the attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control of hotel managers’ intentions regarding future crisis planning. To enhance the TPB model, the study incorporates two additional variables: perceived risk and past behaviour, thereby addressing previous calls to extend the TPB model. Employing a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews (n = 21) were conducted with hotel managers who worked at government-appointed quarantine hotels in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was conducted using Leximancer, an artificial intelligence (AI) data text mining software to explore the verbatim content via text mining, thematic analysis. This research provides critical insights into the determinants of crisis planning intentions among hotel managers, contributing to the theoretical and practical understanding of crisis preparedness in the hospitality industry
Long-term (12 months) vs. short-term (<12 months) dual antiplatelet therapy post-percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents: A critical appraisal and systematic review
No full textBackground:A growing body of evidence supports short-term DAPT as safe and efficacious following PCI with DES. However, methodological criticism of RCTs has led to caution when translating results into clinical practice. This study aimed to critically appraise the methodological rigour of included studies and consolidate the evidence on the safety and efficacy of short-term DAPT. Methods:Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception until August 2022. The primary outcome was the methodological quality of published primary studies. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 and the CASP tool. Evidence was rated for quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) score approach. Other endpoints were all-cause mortality and major bleeding. Results:Eighteen RCTs were included. Based on GRADE score, there was a moderate level of certainty that the reported results for both outcomes are probably close to the true effect. A total of 78% (14/18) of RCTs had a low risk of bias when assessing all-cause mortality and 61% (11/18) when assessing major bleeding. The CASP tool confirmed methodological rigour; however, only 33% (6/18) of studies were applicable beyond the studied populations. Compared with 12 months of DAPT, short-term DAPT was associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding [relative risk (RR): 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.88, P=0.003, I2=45%] and trended towards a reduced risk in all-cause mortality (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79-1.01, P=0.08, I2=0%).Conclusion:With moderate certainty evidence, short-term DAPT appears safe and efficacious post-PCI with DES in the studied populations
Novel risk assessment framework to compare shark-bite mitigation strategies
No full text1. Human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) are increasing globally and are some of the most pervasive problems for the conservation of terrestrial and marine species. Stakeholders often hold different values and concerns surrounding HWCs, and understanding these values and their relative importance among stakeholders allows for more effective decision-making.2. We developed a multi-objective decision analysis framework to compare and as-sist in determining preferred mitigation measures to reduce HWCs. We illustrate how this framework can be used to identify appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the risk of shark bites, which have been increasing worldwide and have led to ongoing controversy and debate between governments and other stakeholders. We combined expert assessment of shark-bite mitigation measures against socio-economic and environmental criteria, while accounting for subjective ranking of the importance of these performance criteria across stakeholders.3. Our flexible framework was tested to compare 15 mitigation measures for the Gold Coast region of Queensland, Australia, using 12 performance criteria.4. Results reiterated the societal shift towards non- lethal measures and highlighted which mitigation measures or performance criteria lacked information, helping to identify knowledge gaps and research needs
Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome: a Cochrane review
No full textArtificial intelligence in sport: A narrative review of applications, challenges and future trends
No full textThis narrative review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in sport, covering its applications, challenges and future directions across key areas such as biomechanics, performance enhancement, sports medicine, health monitoring, coaching and talent identification. AI can potentially empower athletes to optimise movement, personalise training, improve diagnostics and accelerate rehabilitation. However, integrating AI into sport presents challenges, particularly around data privacy, ethical concerns and adoption within sport organisations. This review also addresses these issues, highlighting strategies for responsible data governance and transparency. Furthermore, the review explores the promising future trends for AI in sport, which suggest a profound impact how sport is practiced and managed globally, pointing towards an era of enhanced performance, health and inclusivity.</p
Are Benford's Law-Based Detectors Effective for GAI Generated Images?
No full textBenford's Law (BL) has been proposed as a method to distinguish natural images from those that were altered in some way, through manipulation or distortion, after their acquisition. Another common use of BL is to detect artificially generated images. In this article, we evaluate the effectiveness of BL in the detection of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) generated images. The images were generated in four different categories depending on the prompts to the GAI, namely original, artificial, cartoon-like and realistic. The results showed that only about 60% of the artificial images do not fit BL, while the other 40 % do. However, some very artificial looking images pass the threshold of BL. We hope that this article sheds some light on the topic of using BL for image forensics
Does Exercise Performance Differ Among Male Law Enforcement Officers Based on Their Body Mass Index Category?
Get PDFObjectives: To assess differences in exercise performance among law enforcement officers(LEOs) based on body mass index (BMI). Methods: Five hundred and thirty-two male LEOs (n = 532; age 38.9 ± 7.4 yrs; height: 180.1 ± 6.9 cm; body mass: 92.1 ± 15.1 kg) were analyzed. The LEOs were stratified into three BMI groups: “healthy” (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), “overweight” (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and “obese” (≥30.0 kg/m2). Tests for push-ups, sit-ups, estimated VO2max, vertical jump (VJ), and peak anaerobic power output (PAPw) were conducted. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H and Quade’s rank-based ANCOVA with ageas a covariate test were used to evaluate differences in exercise performance between BMIgroups. Mann–Whitney U tests with Bonferroni post hoc corrections were used for pairwisecomparisons. Effect sizes were calculated as rank eta squared (ηH2) for the Kruskal–Wallis H test results. Results: Differences were noted across BMI groups for the push-ups(p < 0.001, ηH2 = 0.101), sit-ups (p < 0.001, ηH2 = 0.187), VO2max (p < 0.001, ηH2 = 0.145),VJ (p < 0.001, ηH2 = 0.137), and PAPw (p < 0.001, ηH2 = 0.504). The pairwise comparisonsrevealed differences between each group, with the obese and overweight groups exhibitinga lower VJ, VO2max, and performance in push-ups and sit-ups while having a higher PAPwthan the healthy group, even after adjusting for age. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that a higher BMI is associated with poorer exercise performance, except for PAPw, and highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy BMI in LEOs