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Leading in response to crisis: Business war volunteer tourism
Full text linkFollowing Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, a new category of tourism emerged in response to the approximately 20,000 people from over 50 countries who travelled to Ukraine to volunteer within the first few months (Stein, 2023). This category, called “war volunteer tourism,” explores the phenomenon of both combat and non-combat volunteers who travel to active war zones (Simpson & Schuler Scott, 2023), providing the first comprehensive exploration of the complex relationship between war tourism and volunteer tourism (e.g., Williams et al., 2023)
An international environmental scan of the scope and characteristics of patient decision aids which are freely available online
No full textObjective: To analyse the scope and characteristics of freely available online patient decision aids. Methods: An international environmental scan of online decision aids, with no language restriction, was conducted by searching aids in the recent Cochrane review and 35 online sources. Aid characteristics were extracted and analysed. Results: Of 1555 decision aids identified, there were 1222 unique aids after removing duplicates. Of these, 785 met eligibility criteria. The aids were from 17 countries (30 % from the Netherlands, 20 % from the US) and 44 % in English. Nearly all had a downloadable PDF or were printable and 32 % were interactive web-based. Many aids (72 %) were about a treatment decision. Most common diseases addressed were cancer (23 %), especially breast cancer, musculoskeletal diseases (11 %), and genitourinary system diseases (10 %). Conclusions:There are many freely available decision aids, with most addressing treatment decisions and particular health conditions. Many (21 %) of the aids identified were duplicates, some topics are covered by multiple versions of decision aids, and other topics have few decision aids. Practice implications: While many decision aids exist online, initiatives are needed to minimise aid duplication, achieve better distribution of aids across health decisions/topics, encourage greater collaboration between developers, and adaption of existing aids.<p/
Pandemic borders and expenditure impact: Intervention and forecasting insights from Australia
Full text linkThe coronavirus pandemic had a devastating effect on tourism. This paper develops an integrated intervention analysis and forecasting methodology for crisis impact assessment to investigate the economic impacts of border restrictions for a popular tourist destination in Australia, the Gold Coast. Using anonymised and aggregated daily Visa expenditure data from 2018 to 2020, this paper investigates domestic and international visitors' responses to border restrictions and their subsequent easing. Responses are influenced by policy severity, proximity to destinations, and broader pandemic conditions, with international markets experiencing the greatest expenditure impact. Domestic intrastate visitors drove initial recovery, while interstate visitors faced barriers like non-reciprocal travel arrangements and frequently changing restrictions. Travel restrictions disproportionately affected tourist-oriented businesses and altered the spatial distribution of visitor spending
Demystifying Authenticity: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Signatures of Self-Positivity for Authentic and Presented Selves
No full textAuthenticity has captivated scholars. But what is it? An emerging view considers it exaggerated favorability (self-enhancement), whereas traditional views regard it as self-accuracy and self-consistency. We tested these theoretical views by contrasting the authentic self with the presented self, a highly desirable representation. Behaviorally, participants ascribed less positivity to the authentic self: They endorsed more negative traits and were faster to admit having them; also, they endorsed fewer positive traits and were slower to admit having them. Neurally, participants manifested preferential processing of threatening information (P1), followed by preferential processing of favorable information (N170), about the presented self (than authentic self), indicating its brittleness. At a later stage (LPP), participants engaged in more elaborate processing of threatening and favorable information about the authentic self, indicating its subjective importance. Authenticity, albeit mostly positive, allows room for negativity.</p
From Psychiatry to Oncology: Exploring the Anti‐Neoplastic Mechanisms of Aripiprazole and Its Potential Use in Cancer Treatment
Full text linkDrug repurposing provides a cost-effective and time-saving approach to cancer therapy. Aripiprazole (ARI), a third-generation antipsychotic, has shown potential anticancer properties by modulating pathways central to tumor progression and resistance. This scoping review systematically examines evidence on ARI's anticancer effects, mechanisms of action, and translational potential. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations. Data on cancer types, pathways, assays, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized to identify trends and gaps. Of 588 screened studies, 23 met inclusion criteria, spanning cancer types such as breast, colorectal, lung, and brain cancers. ARI modulates key pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin, induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, and overcomes drug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein activity and expression. It exhibits tumor-suppressive effects in vivo and synergizes with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Retrospective population studies suggest ARI's prolactin-sparing properties may reduce the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast and endometrial cancer compared to antipsychotics with stronger dopamine receptor blockade. Additionally, ARI's ability to target multiple Hallmarks of Cancer highlights its promise as a repurposed anticancer agent. However, current evidence is primarily preclinical and observational, with limited clinical validation. Large-scale cohort studies and prospective trials are essential to confirm its efficacy and address translational challenges. By bridging these gaps, ARI could emerge as a valuable adjunctive therapy in oncology, leveraging its safety profile and versatility to address unmet needs in cancer treatment.</p
Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of New Zealand Adults Aged 18-65 Years
Full text linkObjective: To explore dietary salt–related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of New Zealand (NZ) adults aged 18–65 years and assess differences by demographic subgroups. Design: Cross-sectional online survey conducted between June 1, 2018 and August 31, 2018. Setting: Participants were recruited in shopping malls, via social media, and a market research panel. Participants: English-speaking adults residing in NZ. Variables Measured: An amended version of The Pan American and World Health Organization Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors standardized survey tool was used. Demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity, and educational attainment) were also collected. Analysis: Descriptive statistics reported. Chi-square test for independence to assess differences by demographics. Results: The survey was completed by 1,131 adults (mean age 36 ± 15 years; n = 876 [78%] female; n = 661 [78%] NZ European/other; n = 210 [19%] Asian; n =164 [15%] Māori). In addition, 865 participants (83%) knew the primary dietary source of salt; 406 (40%) knew the recommended salt intake; 946 (95%) believed food manufacturers are responsible for sodium reduction; 563 (55%) supported government regulations; and 259 (26%) used food labels. Females and NZ European/other participants reported more favorable salt-reducing behaviors, such as avoiding fast-food and packaged, ready-to-eat foods (P < 0.001). Conclusions and Implications: Improving salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in NZ is particularly important for men, underserved populations, and adults aged 45–65 years. A multicomponent, national NZ salt reduction program based on research addressing engagement and effectiveness for at-risk groups is warranted
Reviewing the landscape of the decision-making process for pain assessment and management for people living with dementia: A systematic review
No full textAim:To understand the steps in the decision-making process regarding pain assessment and management for people living with dementia from the perspectives and experiences of people with dementia, formal and informal carers.Methods:A systematic review was conducted. Seven English databases were searched, including PubMed, Psychological Information Database, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and ProQuest, using synonyms and derivatives for “dementia”, “cognitive impairment”, “pain”, “pain assessment”, “pain management”, “decision”, “decision support”, and “decision-making”.Results:Twenty-eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Pain assessment and management in dementia are complex, successive, and collaborative processes carried out by different individuals over a period based on one's understanding of the person with dementia but with high uncertainty. Pain assessment involves a certain degree of guesswork, while pain management is a trial-and-error process.Conclusion:More pragmatic approaches are needed to overcome challenges, including uncertainty and decisional conflicts
Pain Assessment and Management in Dementia Care: Qualitative Perspectives of People With Dementia, Their Families, and Healthcare Professionals
Full text linkAimPain is under-assessed and under-treated among people living with dementia. This study aims to explore the perspectives of people with dementia, family carers, and healthcare professionals regarding their experiences and needs for pain assessment and management.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach.MethodsBetween May and August 2023, people with early-stage dementia (n = 6), their family carers (n = 7), and healthcare professionals (n = 10) from four Australian states participated in semi-structured interviews, online or by telephone. Most of the participants were female. Work experience of healthcare professionals and caring experience of carers ranged from 3–40 and 2–8 years, respectively. Following transcription, the data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour main themes and 10 subthemes were identified. Main themes were (1) communications to identify pain in people with dementia, (2) pain assessment in people with dementia, (3) pain management strategies, and (4) training in pain and dementia care. Healthcare professionals and family carers reported challenges in pain identification. People with dementia also mentioned their pain being unrecognised by carers. Facilitators included familiarity and communication with people with dementia and family carers. Non-verbal cues and unusual behaviours were commonly used to identify pain, and a personalised pain assessment approach was highlighted. Non-pharmacological strategies were used as the first-line therapy to manage pain. However, a lack of knowledge and training in pain and dementia care indicated the need for a training program (e.g., a self-paced online short course).ConclusionsPain assessment and management in people with dementia is challenging, primarily due to communication barriers and a lack of skill training. Formal pain assessment and management training and efficient, easy-to-use pain assessment tools are needed to address this
Environmental History and Ecology of Noosa and K’Gari Coast
No full textDiscover the untold story of one of Australia’s most remarkable coastal regions in *Ecology and Environmental History of Noosa and the K’gari Coast* by Dr. Daryl McPhee.From the rich heritage of the Butchulla people and their deep spiritual connection to K’gari (Fraser Island) to the dramatic transformations brought by European settlement, this book offers an unparalleled exploration of the environmental and cultural tapestry of the Noosa and K’gari coastline. Learn about the dynamic interplay of natural forces that shaped the land, the diverse ecosystems that thrive within it, and the challenges of conservation in the face of rapid development.Meticulously researched and engagingly written, this multidisciplinary work is essential reading for environmentalists, historians, and anyone captivated by the beauty and complexity of Australia’s coastal heritage. *Ecology and Environmental History of Noosa and the K’gari Coast* is a tribute to the region’s past, a guide to understanding its present, and a call to action for preserving its future
Understanding the Relationship Between Safety Satisfaction and Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR), and Their Relevant Processes Through Self-Determination Theory
Full text linkAlthough previous studies identified safety indicators and their significant correlations, some construction projects still fail to comply with this pattern. Furthermore, the past literature has rarely explored this issue. To address this gap, this study examined (1) the relationship between safety satisfaction and TRIR, (2) factors influencing safety satisfaction, and (3) factors affecting TRIR. Data from 195 safety officers were analyzed using self-determination theory and safety performance measures. Correlation analysis showed a weak correlation and non-significant link between satisfaction and TRIR, challenging common assumptions. To explore objectives (2) and (3), projects were divided into small-scale and large-scale categories using latent profile analysis and one-way ANOVA, identifying three officer profiles per category. These profiles were compared based on support from managers, motivation, and engagement, with in-depth interviews validating the quantitative findings. For small-scale projects, three safety officer characteristics emerged: (1) realistic officers, (2) perfectionistic officers, and (3) undemanding officers. Large-scale projects revealed similar characteristics for realistic and perfectionistic officers, while a third type, learning officers, emerged. This study revealed hidden characteristics linking safety satisfaction and TRIR in both project scales, emphasizing the need for tailored safety initiatives to enhance officers’ capabilities (i.e., in managing conflicts and unexpected events)