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Our research shows how screening students for psychopathic and narcissistic traits could help prevent cyberbullying
No full textThe federal government has just released an expert review to try and prevent bullying in schools. One of the greatest areas of concern is cyberbullying, which is alarmingly common among young people
Learning from your scars: Leadership at the intersection of healthcare and constructive development theory: A grounded theory study.
No full textMotives for Physical Activity in Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Exploration
Get PDFPhysical activity (PA) is beneficial for both the physical and psychological health of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors. This study identified and examined motives for PA in a cross-section of PCa survivors, including both men in remission and those receiving treatment in the form of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Sixteen PCa survivors from Auckland, New Zealand were individually interviewed. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Both groups of men were motivated to engage in PA post-diagnosis to obtain and experience the physical, mental, and cognitive health-related benefits associated with regular PA engagement. Past history of PA was also identified as a motive for current PA for men in remission. These findings provide important insight into how PCa survivors perceive the benefits of PA as a part of their cancer survivorship. Healthcare practitioners, exercise physiologists, and cancer support organizations can use this information to further improve PCa survivors’ quality of life and overall cancer survivorship by better promoting PA to these individuals.</p
Middle powers adapt to US transactionalism
No full textThe shift from liberal hegemony to US transactionalism is reshaping middle power diplomacy. Middle powers such as Australia and Pakistan are blending domestic policy traditions with opportunities presented by global power shifts, opening new diplomatic niches. This 'accomplice' model rewards states that offer strategic value regardless of their liberal credentials. Yet as the United States turns inward, middle powers can still uphold liberalism through coalitions and regional leadership.<br/
Association Between Doxycycline Chemoprophylaxis and the Development of Gastrointestinal Conditions in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction:Military and other specialist personnel may be exposed to malaria during deployment. Doxycycline is a frequently prescribed malarial chemoprophylaxis, but its use is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects. The aim was to investigate the association between extended use of doxycycline malarial chemoprophylaxis within a military population and thedevelopment of GI conditions.Methods:Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search of academic databases was undertaken. Dedicated inclusion and exclusion eligibility criteria were applied to ensure only studies meeting the research intent were retained. Remaining studies were assessed for study quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) appraisal tools. The study protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework.Results:Eleven studies randomized control field trials (RCTs), n = 3: retrospective quantitative (mainly) survey-based studies n = 8) from seven different countries, meet the eligibility criteria. Reports of adverse GI effects (n = 2322) were recorded representing between 3% and 79% (median 39%) of participants across the studies. RCTs CASP appraisal results were generally higher (high quality) as compared to the survey-based studies (moderate quality). The unique focus of this systematic review enabled scrutinization of the frequency, severity and potential risk to long term health of extended doxycycline use for currently serving and veteran population.Conclusions:Within the population studied, doxycycline chemoprophylaxis is frequently associated with a range of GI-related adverse effects from mild to severe and chronic conditions which, with extended use, have the potential to impact long-term health and quality of life. Pragmatic recommendations targeted to military and veteran organizations aim to minimize someadverse outcomes. Large-scale, longitudinal studies are needed to more accurately establish the risk profile of extended doxycycline use for malarial prophylaxis
Accounting the life cycle carbon footprint for TOD project: An example from the China SH TOD project
Get PDFTransit-Oriented Development (TOD) has emerged as a critical strategy for advancing the green transformation of China's low-carbon cities. Conducting carbon footprint research on TOD from a whole life cycle perspective holds profound significance for achieving the Dual Carbon Goals. This study constructs five carbon footprint calculation models based on life cycle assessment theory. Setting four residential travel scenario assumptions thoroughly examines the whole life cycle carbon emissions of China SH TOD project and the carbon reduction achieved through transportation during the operation phase. Results indicate that total carbon emissions in the study area amount to 2.9902 million tons. Considering solely the carbon reduction effect from shifts in resident travel modes under the TOD model, the total carbon reduction reaches 203600 tons, with a carbon reduction effectiveness evaluation index of 6.81%. Compared to the continuous increase in carbon footprint observed after the operation of traditional residential and commercial projects, the carbon reduction effect is notably significant. Furthermore, the study identified key high-emission stages within the lifecycle through model-based calculations and proposed targeted mitigation strategies. These findings provide recommendations for energy conservation, carbon reduction, and sustainable development in TOD projects.</p
Moderators and mediators of pain and function outcomes in a new service delivery model for management of knee osteoarthritis in primary care: Secondary exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Get PDFObjectiveOur objective was to explore moderators and mediators influenced changes in pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) receiving a new model of primary care service delivery (Optimizing Primary Care Management of Knee Osteoarthritis [PARTNER]), at 12 months (ACTRN: 12617001595303).MethodsThis was a secondary analyses of a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing PARTNER to the usual general practitioner–delivered care (n = 217 patients: 112 PARTNER patients and 105 usual care patients) on knee pain and function. Pain was measured using a numerical rating scale (range 0–10, with a higher score indicating more severe pain), and function was measured using the function subscale of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (range 0–100, with a higher score indicating better outcome). Baseline variables selected as potential moderators included age, sex, body mass index, pain duration, residential state, living arrangements, education, employment status, back pain, and other joint issues. Mediation variables included physical activity, fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, OA self-management, self-efficacy, sleep, fatigue, quality of life, depression, and satisfaction.ResultsFor change in pain, no moderators influenced the intervention effect. However, age moderated change in function, with intervention participants <50 years demonstrating greater functional improvement than their older counterparts, compared to the control group (50–69 years: coefficient −32.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] −45.02 to −20.74; ≥70 years: coefficient −24.28, 95% CI −36.53 to −12.02). Mediation analysis revealed significant indirect effects of overall, treatment-related, and symptom-related satisfaction on mean change in pain (−0.10, −0.06, and −0.08, respectively) and function (0.09, 0.05, and 0.07, respectively).ConclusionYounger PARTNER participants showed greater functional improvement compared to older age groups (moderating effect). Additionally, indirect mediation effects suggest increased satisfaction across the three satisfaction domains led to reduced knee pain and enhanced function
Wearables Integrated Technology to support healthy behaviours in general practice patients with type 2 diabetes (WEAR-IT): study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Get PDFIntroduction Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease, associated with health complications, premature morbidity and significant healthcare costs. Optimal lifestyle behaviour control and patient self-management are crucial for improving diabetes control; however, they are difficult to achieve in primary care. There is limited research on the use of information from wearable devices to encourage behaviour change. This study will examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multi-component health behaviour intervention in achieving clinically significant reductions in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among general practice patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and analysis The study uses a cluster-randomised controlled design, with general practices randomly assigned to either the Wearables Integrated Technology (WEAR-IT) intervention (n=15) or usual care (n=15). To achieve a sample size of 375 participants, 12–13 patients per practice will be recruited. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes will be eligible to participate if they are aged 18–75 years; have had poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c≥7.5%), with the cognitive capacity and ability to access the intervention application via an iOS or Android smart device. The WEAR-IT self-management intervention combines information from wearable devices (physical activity, blood glucose and blood pressure) and the electronic medical record, with goal setting and coaching support. The intervention will be primarily delivered by the general practice nurse, with review and confirmation of goals by the general practitioner. Participants attending the usual care practices will receive standard care. Outcome measures, including HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure, quality of life, dietary and exercise behaviours and cost-effectiveness, will be collected at baseline, 6-month (primary endpoint) and 12-month post-randomisation. The primary analysis will compare the change in HbA1c between the intervention and control groups at 6-month follow-up, with long-term outcomes assessed at 12-month post-randomisation. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by Bond University (BH00137). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, conference presentations and summaries to participating sites and patients.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12624000957594)
ASPIRE-to-excellence: A framework for developing innovative and inspirational approaches to health professions education
No full textThis article describes a framework to assist individuals and teams who prepare for (or are engaged in) health professions education innovations. The four essential elements are Needs Assessment, Planning, Implementation and Programme Evaluation. Each element is described in detail with a series of questions to contemplate, and to ensure that all key steps are sufficiently covered. While it is helpful to use this process at the beginning of a project, it will be necessary to develop a continuing cycle of reflection. Needs change and a rapid quality improvement cycle will help maintain relevance and thus effectiveness. It will promote dissemination to inspire educators at the same or other institutions. The four-element framework was developed by the ASPIRE-to-Excellence Award Panel and Academy Section for Innovative and Inspirational Approaches to Health Professions Education (I&I). Examples from 11 awardees from four continents are provided. They illustrate innovative and inspirational work that can stimulate more progress in the field
