Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR)
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Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of the corm of Stephania hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp.
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to cover the pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of the corm of Stephania hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp. Stephania hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp. belonging to the family Menispermaceae is a natural taxon. The plant was collected from the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India, during summer and was authenticated by the botanist. Pharmacognostical study included macroscopical characters, microscopical characters, physico-chemical constants and fluorescence analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening includes phytochemical extraction, phytochemical testing and thin layer chromatography (TLC). In macroscopical studies of the corm, it was found that, it’s shape was spherical, size was about 8 to 20 cm in length and 10 to 20 cm broad, colour was brown (Rusty), surface was rough, odour was not specific, taste was bitter, direction of growth was vertical, the surface has many circular and slightly raised spots. In microscopical studies of corm, it were found that it has periderm, vascular bundles, thin phelloderm cells, ground parenchymatous cells, dense masses of starch grains and wide circular secretory cavities were seen. In powder microscopy, sclereids and vessel elements have been observed with short sclerenchyma. Physico-chemical parameters like total ash value (13 % w/w), acid insoluble ash value (2.66 %w/w), water-soluble ash value (2.50 %w/w) and sulphated ash value (3.33 %w/w) were observed. Alcohol soluble extractive value (7.23 %w/w), water-soluble extractive value (10.84 %w/w) were also observed and loss on drying was observed as 2.50 %w/w. The foaming index was found to be 111.11. Preliminary phytochemical studies show the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, Steroids, Saponin, tannin and phenolic compounds flavanoids, and lignin in ethanolic extract and carbohydrates, Saponin, tannin and phenolic compounds flavanoids, and lignin in aqueous extract. Performing TLC of ethanolic extract using chloroform: ethanol (30:70) and methanol: water (70: 30) as solvent system, few spots were identified. The study helps in the correct identification of the plant. The presence of alkaloids and flavanoids explains that the plant must have valuable medicinal properties which must be explored
Development of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method and method validation of paracetamol by using economical single mobile phase
Get PDFThe computerization of method development and validation are useful in analysis of pharmaceuticals in pharmaceutical industry. In this article a simple, sensitive, and precise high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of Paracetamol with ultraviolet detection at 257 nm has been developed, validated, and used for the determination of compounds in commercial pharmaceutical products. Paracetamol tablet dosage form (two brands) was purchased from market and was from Glaxo Smith Kline (Calpol) and from IPCA (Pacimol) respectively. The compounds were well separated on a Hypersil ODS C18 reversed-phase column by use of a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (90:10v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 ml.min). The linearity ranges were 20- 100µg/ ml for Paracetamol. Limits of detection (LOD) obtained 3.298g/ml limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 9.875g/ml Paracetamol. The study showed that reversed-phase liquid chromatography is sensitive and selective for the determination of Paracetamol using single mobile phase
Formulation and evaluation of transdermal delivery system of an anti-hypertensive drug
Get PDFoai:ojs2.japtronline.com:article/1The present study was aims to formulate and evaluate transdermal drug delivery for sustained release of
an anti-hypertensive drug Captopril, it is considered as drug of choice in anti hypertensive therapy and is
reported for potential administration through transdermal route. The investigation was carried out to
study the effect of different proportion of ethyl cellulose and PVP a hydrophobic and hydrophilic
polymer respectively. Transdermal patches were prepared using different combination of the two
polymers by solvent evaporation technique. Polyvinyl alcohol was used to prepare the backing
membrane and dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer. Several Physicochemical parameter like moisture
content, moisture loss, thickness, film folding endurance, tensile strength, flatness were studied. For all
the formulations, in vitro drug release was studied using modified diffusion cell. Formulations with
highest proportion of polyvinyl pyrolidone shows faster release whereas increasing proportion of ethyl
cellulose produces a prolonged regimen of sustained drug delivery through transdermal route for a
period of 24 hrs
Standardization of herbal medicines – an overview
Get PDFIn the few decades, there has been exponentional growth in the field of herbal medicines. Most of the traditional systems of medicine are effective due to lack of standardization. So there is a need to develop a standardization technique. Standardization of herbal formulation is essential in order to assess the quality, purity, safety and efficacy of the drug. There is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use herbal drugs in today’s medical practice. The world population depends on herbal medicines and product for healthy living. This rise in the use of herbal product has also given rise to various forms of adulteration of the products, which leading to consumers’ and manufacturers’ disappointment and in some instances fatal consequences. The challenge is innumerable and enormous, to fulfill the need of global herbal market. The standardization of this formulations like the organoleptic characters, physical properties, the various physic-chemical properties such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values need to be carried out along with Thin layer chromatography and heavy metal content study should also carried out to ascertain the quality, purity and safety of this herbal formulation
Phyto-pharmacological review of Portulaca quadrifida Linn.
Get PDFPortulaca quadrifida Linn. (Family: Portuleacea), commonly known as “Chicken Weed”, a traditional medicinal plant has been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries, valued for its benefits in the management of urinary and inflammatory disorders. The juice of leaves is applied to abscesses and decoction is given in dysentery. The decoction of the plant can act as anthelminthic and used in the treatment of stomach complaints and gonorrhoea. Portulaca quadrifida has been reported to possess antifungal activity. The effect of ethanolic extract of Portulaca quadrifida on central and peripheral nervous system were studied by using spontaneous motor activity, in vivo muscle relaxant activity (Grip strength) and anticonvulsant activity and it is also found to have good effect on central nervous system. In this review, we have explored the Phyto-pharmacological properties of the Portulaca quadrifida plant and compiled its vast pharmacological applications to comprehend and synthesize the subject of its potential image of multipurpose medicinal agents
Preparation and characterization of mucoadhesive tablets of amoxicillin using natural and synthetic polymers
Get PDFPurpose of this research was to study mucoadhesive tablets of Amoxicillin trihydrate using Neem gum as mucoadhesive natural polymer. The conventional oral dosage form of this drug has low half life and high dosing frequency. Plant gums and mucilages are being used due to their abundance in nature, safety and economy. So in The present investigation was an effort to study the suitability of gum obtained from Azadirachta indica as mucoadhesive polymer. The present study aims to reduce the dosing frequency by using single and combinations of synthetic and natural polymers for preparation of mucoadhesive tablets. Various approaches to combine synthetic (HPMC K4M, carbopol 934P and sodium alginate) and natural (neem gum) polymers have been made to prepare total ten formulations. Further, different evaluation studies like friability, content uniformity, surface pH, wash-off and dissolution tests was done for all formulations. Results for in vitro drug release and wash-off studies suggest that the formulation (F1) containing neem gum has shown better mucoadhesive property. Other studies have shown satisfactory results in all ten formulations. Thus, the present investigation suggests that neem gum is suitable for preparation of mucoadhesive tablet