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Proportionality: Reconsidering the Application of an Established Principle in International Law
Get PDFTraditionally, the principle of proportionality is defined as limiting State action to rational and reasonable means with the view to achieve a goal permissible under international law without unduly encroaching on the protected rights of another State, States, or individuals. The principle applies to the planning, as well as the implementation, of State activities. The application of the principle of proportionality is common in national constitutional and administrative law. A vast national jurisprudence exists in this regard. However, due to the plurality of approaches in the various national legal systems, it is hardly possible to draw any general legal conclusions from national experiences with the principle of proportionality. In this essay, after a brief account of the historical development of the principle of proportionality and an analysis of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), it is considered whether the principle of proportionality only limits the competences of States—as traditionally envisioned—or enlarges them so as to meet community interests
Vessels in Newport, 1910 Aug 10 (1 of 5)
No full textBlueprints showing the placement of Atlantic Fleet ships to arriving in Newport, August 15-16, 1910.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/torpedo/1067/thumbnail.jp
Vessels in Newport, 1910 Aug 10 (5 of 5)
No full textBlueprints showing the placement of Atlantic Fleet ships to arriving in Newport, August 15-16, 1910.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/torpedo/1071/thumbnail.jp
Vessels in Newport, 1910 Aug 10 (4 of 5)
No full textBlueprints showing the placement of Atlantic Fleet ships to arriving in Newport, August 15-16, 1910.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/torpedo/1070/thumbnail.jp
Report of explosion at Torpedo Station, 1918 Jan 27 (3 of 3)
No full textDetails of an explosion on the western side of Goat Island that killed all twelve workers in the building Magazine No. 2 and some men in Magazines No. 1 and 3. Six others were injured and receiving care at the Naval Hospital. Cause for the explosion was not evident.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/torpedo/1121/thumbnail.jp
Leon Torpedo, 1914 Jul 15 (2 of 2)
No full textMemorandum from the E. W. Bliss Company in N.Y. on the Leon Torpedo. After completing tests with the Leon Torpedo they determined that the Torpedo Station’s design of a floating mine is superior and more cost effective. Also included is a mechanical drawing of a Leon Torpedo.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/torpedo/1118/thumbnail.jp