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Women Peace and Security National Action Plan Implementation in Moldova: Lesson Learned and Good Practices
Get PDFNational Action Plans (NAPs) for implementing UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) are relevant for all countries, not only those experiencing armed conflict. The 1325 framework provides Member states a strategic opportunity to leverage women’s human capital in building effective and inclusive security sector institutions. In keeping with its international commitments, the Republic of Moldova determined the need to develop the first National Action Plan in 2018. The process facilitated the creation of several ministerial action plans addressing institutional barriers to gender mainstreaming. Since the implementation of the first NAP, the security environment in and around the Republic of Moldova has become more complex. It faces an active war at the border and must make every effort to advance peace and stability. Additionally, it’s relatively new EU candidate status commits it to undertake structural reforms. Effective and efficient delivery of security in Moldova calls for strengthening human rights and the rule of law, and the integration of the gender dimension in the security and defense sectors. On March 22, 2023, the Government approved the second generation of the WPS NAP responsive to UNSCR 1325 for the next four years. This framework provides a renewed opportunity to build a more inclusive security sector enabling increased and meaningful participation of women and eliminating gender-based discrimination and abuse.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1021/thumbnail.jp
Women in the Frontlines of Revolution in Myanmar
Get PDFWomen in Myanmar have played a vital role in the pro-democracy movement since the 2021 coup. They have taken on combat roles and have been involved in non-lethal resistance efforts, such as mobilizing and organizing the local population and fundraising.
However, despite their critical roles and contributions, they lack proportionate representation in leadership positions within the pro-democracy National Unity Government (NUG), National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC), and People Defense Forces (PDF). This has resulted in non-lethal efforts receiving very few resources and provisions. Additionally, the lack of representation in leadership positions has led to discrimination and sexual assault for women soldiers on the frontlines.
It is crucial for the NUG and resistance coalition forces to harness the power of these women influencers and leaders by using a coherent Strategic Communication strategy and providing the resources and support they need to continue their efforts.
Furthermore, it is important for the NUG, NUCC, and PDFs to address the issue of discrimination and sexual assault against women soldiers and ensure that women have equal representation in leadership positions. The participation and leadership of women in the pro-democracy movement can greatly contribute to the resiliency of the people and the sustained rejection of the military junta.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1029/thumbnail.jp
The Newport Manual on the Law of Naval Warfare
Get PDFThis first edition of the Newport Manual has been superseded by the Newport Manual on the Law of Naval Warfare, Second Edition, published as Volume 105 (2025) of International Law Studies
Equitable Considerations in the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf
Get PDFThe delimitation of the continental shelf is often regarded as one of the most controversial inter-State delimitation disputes due to the significant advantages it can offer to coastal States. Since the conception of the continental shelf regime, i.e., the 1945 Truman Proclamation, equitable considerations have been central to the delimitation of this zone, which has been consistently reflected in the jurisprudence and in UNCLOS.
As an umbrella instrument with a framework character, UNCLOS usually suffices to stipulate the fundamental norms and principles. This was also the case for the delimitation of the continental shelf. Article 83, whilst not prescribing a specific delimitation method, sets out the ultimate objective as the achievement of an equitable solution. Hence, this requires a proactive role for international courts and tribunals in developing appropriate approaches and methods.
The relevant case law recognizes that the equitable principles doctrine stands as a fundamental norm of international law. However, the exact application of equitable considerations is yet to be further refined. In light of the foregoing, this article aims to explore the role of equitable considerations in the delimitation of the continental shelf process
China Maritime Report No. 29: PLAN Mine Countermeasures: Platforms, Training, and Civil-Military Integration
Get PDFThe People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) has made incremental progress in its mine countermeasures (MCM) program in recent years. The PLAN’s current inventory of about 60 MCM ships and craft includes classes of minehunters and minesweepers mostly commissioned in the past decade as well as unmanned surface vessels (USVs) and remotely operated vehicles with demonstrated explosive neutralization capability. Despite the addition of these advanced MCM platforms and equipment, experts affiliated with the PLAN and China’s mine warfare development laboratory have serious reservations about the PLAN’s current ability to respond to the full range of likely threats posed by naval mines in future contingencies. The PLAN’s MCM forces are currently organized for operations near China’s coastline, but writings by Chinese military and civilian experts contend that to safeguard Beijing’s expanding overseas interests, the PLAN must develop MCM capabilities for operations far beyond the First Island Chain. PLAN and civilian mine warfare experts have proposed various solutions for offsetting perceived shortcomings in the PLAN’s MCM program, including the development of autonomous USVs and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), deployment of modularized MCM mission packages on ships such as destroyers and frigates, and mobilization of civilian assets such as ships and helicopters in support of MCM operations. Although there appears to have been little to no adoption of these proposed solutions to date, the PLAN recognizes MCM as one of its biggest challenges, and one can expect the PLAN to continue making measured progress in its MCM program in the years ahead.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports/1028/thumbnail.jp
Awakening the Law of Contraband in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Get PDFFollowing the collapse of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, both Russia and Ukraine announced measures against shipping that may have introduced counter-contraband operations into the maritime dimension of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The law of contraband, which is at the heart of the law of naval warfare, regulates such operations. The law of contraband has, however, not been often used in current conflicts and some of its details are not crystalized as generally accepted law. Awakening this instrument in the current conflict brings questions for both belligerents and non-State parties, some of whom have adopted a position of qualified neutrality that allows them to militarily support Ukraine. This article revisits the law of contraband in the context of the current conflict and discusses the intersection between the law of contraband and the concept of qualified neutrality
Episode 2: The Russian Energy Challenge
Get PDFA discussion with guest Emilly Holland on Russia’s energy coercion and the maritime security implications.
Guest:
Emily J. Holland, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Russia Maritime Studies Institute at the U.S. Naval War College. Previously, she was an assistant professor at the U.S. Naval Academy, a postdoctoral fellow at the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard University and a visiting fellow at the German Institute for Economic Research (Berlin) and the European Council on Foreign Relations (Berlin).https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/seapower/1001/thumbnail.jp
The Cuban Missile Crisis at Sea—Avoidance of Nuclear War Not Left to Chance
Get PDFMany contradictions emerge from the nine published accounts of the confrontation between the Soviet submarine B-59 and American antisubmarine-warfare units during the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962. Assessing those accounts reveals that no participant should be anointed as “the man who saved the world,” and that the peaceful conclusion of the confrontation should not be attributed to good luck