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Episode 30: Coercion: Deterrence and Compellence
No full textThis week Jon O’Gorman and Daniel Post host two outside guests to talk about coercion theory. First, Dr. Reid Pauly, Dean’s Assistant Professor of Nuclear Security and Policy, Watson Institute, Brown University, and Assistant Professor of Political Science and Brigadier General Greg Bowen, U.S. Army (Ret), former Deputy Director of Operations, U.S. Strategic Command, and member of the National Institute for Deterrence Studies. We begin with laying out the concept of coercion and discussion of the different types of coercion (deterrence and compellence), the differences between them, the challenges and advantages of each, and how this has worked in recent history, particularly during the nuclear era. We look at the stability/instability paradox of nuclear weapons and if this changes the coercion theory. We discuss how states must have the assurances that another state will make good on their threats for the concept to work. We explore this in the context of places like Syria, North Korea, Ukraine, and China. Lastly, we look at how these concepts fit with understanding strategy and grand strategy especially in a nation that can change administrations every four years.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/profiles-in-strategy/1029/thumbnail.jp
Teaching Strategies in the National Security Affairs Program: Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment
Get PDFMost curricula relative to Congress and its interface with the Department of Defense relate to the topics of war, weapons, conflict and budgets. An important subtopic of national security studies are Congressional interventions into the Defense Department related to soft policies which are more nearly categorized as micro sociological issues due to their touching people within the massive security bureaucracy at the individual and personal level. Early congressional interventions among this categorization include concerns about suicide, benefits, health and well-being or the 1940s GI Bill which encouraged personal growth through educational and training benefits in order to decrease a reduction in unemployment post war. During the 2020s’ Congress has begun to intervene in military conduct specifically as this conduct relates to sexual harassment and rape. Due to the importance being placed legislatively around this subject matter, its inclusion in a military professional college curriculum is an imperative. Dr. Raum will discuss the evolution of a public policy session for national security professionals around the primary topic of sexual harassment. Covered will be the importance of where such a curriculum topic should be placed, potential content and pitfalls of attempting to teach within this subject area.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1006/thumbnail.jp
Curriculum Development at Defense Security Cooperation University
Get PDFAmerican Council on Women Peace and Security Founder, Dr. Susan Yoshihara, and Fellow, Dr. Grace Hoffman design, develop, and implement tailored WPS curricula. They will speak about their work at Defense Security Cooperation University (DSCU). At DSCU, their team integrated WPS into training, certification, and graduate education. The hallmarks of their approach include close working relationships with the faculty, alignment with U.S. law, understanding of international and partner nation WPS perspectives and mandates, and the highest standards of scholarship. They believe that the faculty are the best educators of WPS within their courses due to their mastery of the material.
Security cooperation is the main way DoD implements WPS and DSCU teaches and certifies the 18,000-strong security cooperation workforce. Dr. Yoshihara will explain the way her team analyzed curriculum and tailored WPS for key courses with a view to how NWC faculty can approach Joint Military Operations and National Security Affairs. Dr. Hoffman will speak from the perspective of both a WPS instructor at DSCU and as a historian, who recognized the value of WPS to her own historical research. She will address how WPS can add value and bring new knowledge to courses that focus on historical cases.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1010/thumbnail.jp
WPS Efforts Underway at the Marine Corps University
Get PDFThis panel presentation will review the WPS efforts underway by Marine Corps University faculty. Moving from macro to micro-level examples, the first presenter will discuss university-wide programs and the second presenter will emphasize the various ways in which WPS has been integrated into the curriculum at the Command & Staff College. The session will begin by tracing the development of a WPS writing award as well as the execution of a WPS Scholars Program – both of which are open to all MCU students and bring together faculty/staff from across the university. The presentation will continue by reviewing specific WPS curriculum efforts at the Command & Staff College– ranging from the delivery of a “Gender, War and Security” elective to the process of integrating WPS considerations into the core curriculum. The speakers’ overarching objective is to share a set of effective WPS interventions in Professional Military Education that could be replicated and built upon by other military education institutions.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1013/thumbnail.jp
Advantage in Cyberspace Needs More Than Nerds
Get PDFDuring the global conflict of World War II, women did not fight on the front lines but provided critical intelligence support to the war effort as code breakers and analysts, considered clerical jobs. As computing matured and evolved into the modern internet, women continued contributing in programming and security fields. The joint force relies on what we now refer to as cyberspace for most aspects of operations, and women have taken part in conflict in this domain well before legally allowed to fight in physical domains.
Effective cyberspace operations require understanding targets at the physical, logical network, and cyber persona layers in order to identify vulnerabilities and relationships between users, information, and network systems. Planning for cyber effects involves extensive thought to branches and sequels, collateral damage, risk, and potential higher-order effects due to the possibility of unforeseen linkages within cyberspace. The best planning cells will apply diverse teams with a mix of technical and cognitive skills to synchronize actions across domains and provoke the desired action, or non-action, from the adversary.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1025/thumbnail.jp
Episode 23: Part 1: Afghanistan - The Endless Wars?
No full textFor this next case we are going to have three segments (or parts) on each of the major theaters discussed in the case - Afghanistan, Iraq and ISIS. We are also going to leverage our military professors of the Strategy and Policy Department and their on-the-ground practitioner experience in these conflicts. In this part, Jon O\u27Gorman hosts Marc Genest, Michael Shaw, and Patrick McCarthy on the Afghanistan theater. They discuss their thoughts about the end in Afghanistan, and whether or not the U.S. understood the nature of the war. They also look at the parallels to Vietnam and if those parallels are oversold. They look at the conflict through the institutional dimension of strategy lens and if our own bureaucracy hinders our success in these types of conflicts. Additionally, they discuss if the conflict has harmed civilian-military relations in the U.S. Finally, that talk about key takeaways.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/profiles-in-strategy/1022/thumbnail.jp
One Treaty to Apply Them All? Defining Maritime Terrorism by Cross-References and Reservations: The ASEAN Region Example
Get PDFDefining terms will shape a State’s treaty obligations, the domestic legislation necessary, the availability of cooperative mechanisms, and norm diffusion. Maritime terrorism is an umbrella term referring to the piecemeal approach of treaties creating offenses for identified acts at sea. Further treaties cross-reference the offenses in a selection of global instruments to create related offenses. This includes financing of terrorism (Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (ICSFT)) and regional maritime terrorism (ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT)). All cross-referenced instruments shall apply to define ICFST or ACCT offenses unless a State excludes, by reservation, a cross-referenced instrument to which it is not Party. This article identifies the impacts of reservations to ACCT and ICSFT on defining terrorism offenses in the ASEAN region. In practice, eight impacts of varying concern to operationalizing jurisdictional cooperation are identified. Going forward, defining offenses via cross-references and reservations may require rethinking
Episode 6: Contemplating the Unthinkable: Making Nuclear Deterrence Credible
No full textSynopsis:U.S. national security ultimately rests on its nuclear capabilities to deter existential challenges to its existence, alongside the commitment to use such weapons if other forms of deterrence have failed. Join Professor Dana Struckman and Dr. Terence Roehrig to look at the challenges of nuclear deterrence and how this has evolved from the superpower rivalry of the Cold War to more unsettled conditions of great power competition in the 21st century.About the Speakers:Dana Struckman joined the U.S. Naval War College (NWC) faculty upon his NWC graduation in June of 2006 and served as a military professor for four years. In 2010, he joined the faculty as a full-time Professor of Practice and currently serves as the Deputy Chair of the National Security Affairs Department.Dr. Terence Roehrig, professor of national security affairs, has been a research fellow at the Kennedy School at Harvard University in the International Security Program and the Project on Managing the Atom. He is a non-resident expert at the Center for Korean Legal Studies at Columbia University. He has published numerous books, articles and book chapters on Korean and East Asian security issues, North Korea’s nuclear weapons program, the U.S.-Republic of Korea alliance, Korean maritime issues, human rights and transitional justice. He has given presentations to U.S. Forces Korea, the U.S. Embassy Seoul and the ROK JCS J-5. He has been a past president of the Association of Korean Political Studies.The views presented by the faculty or other guest speakers do not reflect official positions of the Naval War College, DON or DOD.
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