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Tackling Gender in Kinetic Operations
Get PDFFrom the perspective of operational risk, that is, risk to mission accomplishment, gender is not always relevant. This is likely true in equipment-heavy, force-on-force engagements that occur outside the presence of civilians, whose perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors might otherwise be crucial to mission success in civilian-centric operations. In civilian-centric operations such as counterinsurgency or stability operations, the failure to consider gender likely does pose a risk to mission accomplishment. DoD\u27s implementation of the Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017 has resulted in important progress in bringing greater attention to gender considerations in operations, but it has a gap in coverage. Consistent with the law, DoD\u27s implementation of it does not meaningfully consider the operational relevance of gender in the kinetic parts of operations. However, the new DoD program on Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response provides an opportunity to factor gender into the kinetic parts in an operationally relevant way.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1018/thumbnail.jp
The Frailty Myth: The Case for Gender-Neutral Physical Fitness assessment practices among the United States Airmen
Get PDFThe military is not adequately preparing female Airmen for the physical rigors of combat. Low expectations for female Airmen have caused their physical fitness standards to stagnate. The Physical Fitness Assessment requires female Airmen to perform fewer repetitions and slower run times on all events compared to their male counterparts. However, despite three congressional decisions aiming at directing the establishment of gender-neutral physical fitness standards, including the 2023 National Defense Authorization Act that would create gender-neutral physical fitness standards for combat arms and other non-specified positions across the military, the United States Air Force has yet to adopt such standards. This is problematic because the insistence on maintaining outdated standards for female Airmen that have been debunked by current scientific research supports the concept of learned female weakness that has been systematically entrenched in American society.
Hence, the purpose of this presentation is twofold: first, to make the case that female Airmen have the strength and ability to perform the same fitness assessment as their male counterparts, and they should be required to do so, and second, to offer a solution – a more fair and more equitable standards based on fitness assessment metrics commensurate with women\u27s size and not their gender.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1023/thumbnail.jp
Female Radicalization in Pakistan – A Case Study of Jamia Hafsa
Get PDFAn understanding of the phenomenon of ‘Female Radicalization’ in Pakistan remains either an ‘exaggerated fact’ or a ‘conveniently ignored reality’. This paper aims to deconstruct this nexus from an ‘inside-out and outside-in’ approach focusing on the case of the Jamia Hafsa (a female seminary affiliated with the lal Masjid) in Islamabad. Major takeaway is, female role in the radicalization process sliding into political violence range from eihter being a ‘facilitator, fundraiser, silent spectator’ or ‘an agent of moderating extremism and societal peace’ in the country.
For ‘sustainable peace’, women as an equal stakeholder in the state’s CVE (Countering Violent Extremism) policy is proposed. That is, contextual and ideational pathways of how and why women join and how best female agency can mediate, subvert and resist such trends remains a complex reality.
In crux, there is an urgent need to ‘learn to unlearn’ the prevalent modus operandi of the countering violent extremism at the state and international level both in theory and practice. To ensure a meaningful role of women in the CVE policy an equal access to education, economic, social, political is critical as stipulated in the UN 1325 resolution. Here, sharing best practices through dialogue and debate can be one of the most viable mean to craft an inclusive CVE (countering Violent Extremism) enterprise.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/wps/1028/thumbnail.jp
The European Union’s Quest to Become a Global Maritime-Security Provider
Get PDFThe European Union (EU) seeks to become a global maritime-security actor, yet strategic challenges influence its maritime-security strategy process. Is there a distinctive and coherent EU approach to global maritime security, and how should the EU address the growing range of maritime challenges, including the intensification of militarized competition in the Indo-Pacific
Adjusting the Aperture: The International Law Case for Qualifying Unmanned Vessels as Warships
Get PDFA number of stakeholders in the international community have advocated for the establishment of restrictions on the development and acquisition of unmanned vessels capable of contributing to naval warfare. These efforts are often based on the notion that the law did not anticipate the existence and use of unmanned vessels, and therefore the drafters of applicable legal frameworks—including the longstanding international law definition of a “warship”—did not consider them. However, this article evaluates, element by element, how unmanned vessels can, should, and already do meet the requirements for the warship designation under international law, based on a reading compatible with the prevailing approach to the interpretation of international treaty language. It also includes an assessment of the notion that unmanned vessels were not foreseen at the time of the conception of the warship paradigm and explains why this is a flawed premise on which to rely as a pretext for establishing a new regime to account specifically for unmanned vessels. The increased use of submarines by States throughout the twentieth century is occasionally referenced as an instructive model for considering the application of the term “warship” to emerging technologies
Disadvantages Ashore—Constraints on Achieving Integrated All-Domain Naval Power
Get PDFStrategists and analysts should be aware that the recently issued triservices strategy suffers from at least six political-bureaucratic-doctrinal disadvantages that very easily could turn into material disadvantages if the U.S. Navy were to face a competent enemy on the actual oceans
Episode 6: Maritime Competition in African Waters
No full textGuests Kamal-Deen Ali and Naunihal Singh discuss and analyze China\u27s interests and activities in African Waters.
Guests:
CAPT Kamal-Deen Ali, PhD (Ghana Navy, ret.) is founding member and Executive Director/Team Lead of the Centre for Maritime Law and Security and a senior lecturer at the University of Professional Studdies – Accrah. He was formerly the Director of Research at the Ghana Armed Forces Command and Staff College. He served in the Ghana Navy for twenty years as a military legal and operations officer.
Naunihal Singh, PhD, is associate professor in the National Security Affairs Department at NWC. He is a scholar of African politics, civil-military relations, and author of Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups (Johns Hopkins Press, 2014), a book on the dynamics and outcomes of military coups.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/seapower/1005/thumbnail.jp
China Maritime Report No. 33: China\u27s Sea-Based Nuclear Deterrent: Organizational, Operational, and Strategic Implications
Get PDFChina’s development of a credible sea-based deterrent has important implications for the PLAN, for China’s nuclear strategy, and for U.S.-China strategic stability. For the PLAN, the need to protect the SSBN force may divert resources away from other missions; it may also provide justification for further expansion of the PLAN fleet size. For China’s nuclear strategy and operations, the SSBN force may increase operational and bureaucratic pressures for adopting a more forward-leaning nuclear strategy. For U.S.-China strategic stability, the SSBN force will have complex effects, decreasing risks that Chinese decisionmakers confront use-or-lose escalation pressures, making China less susceptible to U.S. nuclear threats and intimidation and therefore perceiving lower costs to conventional aggression, and potentially introducing escalation risks from conventional-nuclear entanglement to the maritime domain.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports/1032/thumbnail.jp