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CMSI Note #8: Recent Changes in the PLA Navy\u27s Gulf of Aden Deployment Pattern
Get PDFKey Takeaways: Since December 2008, the PLAN has deployed 46 counter-piracy escort task forces (TFs) to the Gulf of Aden on a UN-authorized mission. Most TFs have included two combatants—a combination of destroyers, frigates, and amphibious transport docks—and a supply ship. Starting with the 33rd TF, which departed China in August 2019, every TF has comprised one Type 052D destroyer, one Type 054A frigate, and one supply ship. One TF generally is on station near the Horn of Africa at all times, while for less than half that time another TF is either on the way to relieve it or returning home after completing its mission. Until recently, the PLAN had normally dispatched three TFs per year, at roughly four-month intervals. However, the 45th and 46th TFs departed China on five-month intervals, suggesting a shift in deployment patterns. The PLAN has not explained the rationale for this apparent shift in its deployment pattern. It is possible that more onerous requirements for its surface fleet in operations around Taiwan and in the South China Sea have forced the PLAN to draw forces away from the Gulf of Aden mission, at least temporarily. Or it is possible that the PLAN may be desirous of keeping its ships clear of waters threatened by Yemen’s Houthi rebels.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-notes/1007/thumbnail.jp
CMSI Translations #7: Guarantee of Strategic Security: Expert Discusses China’s Strategic Nuclear Submarines Achieving Continuous Duty
Get PDFIn April of this year, the U.S. Department of Defense released a China military power report, which stated that the Chinese Navy currently has at least six Type 094 ballistic missile nuclear submarines, and has the capability for at least one of them to be on continuous readiness duty. It also said that this is the first time it has been possible for the Chinese Navy to permanently maintain at least one strategic missile nuclear submarine at sea to perform strategic duty tasks. So, what is “continuous readiness duty” (quatianhou zhanbei zhiban), how can it be achieved, and why did the Chinese Navy only just now acquire this capability? With these questions in mind, we interviewed Professor Chi Guocang (迟国仓) of the PLAN Submarine Academy and asked him to give us a detailed explanation.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-translations/1006/thumbnail.jp
CMSI Note #10: China\u27s Summer of 2024: The Missing Chapter
Get PDFKey Takeaways: In the summer of 2024, two Chinese oceanographic survey ships—the Xiang Yang Hong 01 and Kexue—conducted marine scientific research activities in the Bering Sea. Their actions represented a significant expansion of PRC marine data collection in this region. The Bering Sea is a key segment in the sea lanes connecting China with the Arctic Ocean. Thus, the operations of these two vessels should be understood as part of the unprecedented ramp-up in Beijing’s Arctic endeavors that occurred in 2024. The main purposes of the two Bering Sea cruises are unknown. However, both ships were built to meet military requirements, at least in part. Even if they were just conducting basic marine science, the data they collected is inherently dual-use and will be shared with the Chinese military, improving its awareness of the operating environment. The Xiang Yang Hong 01 operated in Russia’s EEZ and visited a Russian military port, demonstrating a high degree of Russian support for PRC activities in the region. Both ships conducted marine scientific research in waters above the U.S.-claimed extended continental shelf. If their operations involved surveys of the seabed, they would constitute a direct challenge to the U.S. maritime claim.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-notes/1009/thumbnail.jp
Ghosts of Honolulu: A Japanese Spy, a Japanese American Spy Hunter, and the Untold Story of Pearl Harbor
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Study No. 7, China\u27s Maritime Gray Zone Operations
No full textStudies in Chinese Maritime Development No. 7: China\u27s Maritime Gray Zone Operationshttps://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-studies/1001/thumbnail.jp
CMSI Translations #11: Mid-Life Overhaul and Upgrade of the Type 052C Guided Missile Destroyer
Get PDFThe construction of the Type 052C guided missile destroyer took a long time, and it was experimental in the sense of taking small steps for rapid progress (xiao bu kuai pao). In fact, it was also the engineering prototype of the standard fleet destroyer Type 052D. The first and second Type 052C ships were launched in April and October 2003, respectively. They were the most advanced guided missile destroyers of the PLAN at that time, but the subsequent four ships of the same type were launched in October 2010, July 2011, and January and July 2012, respectively.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-translations/1010/thumbnail.jp
AI Warfare and the Law
Get PDFAI Warfare and the Law, published as a full volume of International Law Studies, analyzes the legal implications of the introduction of AI technologies into the design of weapon systems and the potential use of AI in connection with military activities. It considers several discrete but related bodies of international law as well as significant aspects of domestic and human rights law. Its key aim is to work out how the law will impact the use of AI technologies and what AI technologies must be able to do if they are to satisfy legal requirements. A further purpose of the book is to identify what roles people play in the creation, integration, introduction into service, and subsequent employment of AI-enhanced weapon systems. Having explained the applicable law, the book identifies what requirements the law places on the discharge of duties by those individuals. In sum, the central purpose of the book is to meet head-on the legal challenges posed by the development and use of AI in warfare and to offer the author’s proposed answers
